U5语义学02.docx
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U5语义学02.docx
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U5语义学02
Chapter5Semantics
I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse.
1.DialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundindifferentregionaldialectssuchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutcannotbefoundwithinthevarietyitself,forexample,withinBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglish.
2.Senseisconcernedwiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience,whilethereferencedealswiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.
3.Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituations.
4.Insemantics,meaningoflanguageisconsideredastheintrinsicandinherentrelationtothephysicalworldofexperience.
5.Contextualismisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablecontexts.
6.Behavioristsattemptedtodefinethemeaningofalanguageformasthesituationinwhichthespeakeruttersitandtheresponseitcallsforthinthehearer.
7.Themeaningofasentenceisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitscomponents.
8.Mostlanguageshavesetsoflexicalitemssimilarinmeaningbutrankeddifferentlyaccordingtotheirdegreeofformality.
9.“itishot.”isano-placepredicationbecauseitcontainsnoargument.
10.Ingrammaticalanalysis,thesentenceistakentobethebasicunit,butinsemanticanalysisofasentence,thebasicunitispredication,whichistheabstractionofthemeaningofasentence.
II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven.
11.S________canbedefinedasthestudyofmeaning.
12.Theconceptualistviewholdsthatthereisnod______linkbetweenalinguisticformandwhatitrefersto.
13.R______meanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.
14.Wordsthatarecloseinmeaningarecalleds________.
15.Whentwowordsareidenticalinsound,butdifferentinspellingandmeaning,theyarecalledh__________.
16.R_________oppositesarepairsofwordsthatexhibitthereversalofarelationshipbetweenthetwoitems.
17.C____analysisisbaseduponthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcanbedividedintomeaningcomponents.
18.Whetherasentenceissemanticallymeaningfulisgovernedbyrulescalleds________restrictions,whichareconstraintsonwhatlexicalitemscangowithwhatothers.
19.Ana________isalogicalparticipantinapredication,largelyidenticalwiththenominalelement(s)inasentence.
20.Accordingtothen____theoryofmeaning,thewordsinalanguagearetakentobelabelsoftheobjectstheystandfor.
III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.
21.Thenamingtheoryisadvancedby________.
A.Plato
B.Bloomfield
C.GeoffreyLeech
D.Firth
22.“Weshallknowawordbythecompanyitkeeps.”Thisstatementrepresents_______.
A.theconceptualistview
B.contexutalism
C.thenamingtheory
D.behaviorism
23.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?
A. Senseisconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.
B. Senseisthecollectionofallthefeaturesofthelinguisticform.
C. Senseisabstractandde-contextualized.
D. Senseistheaspectofmeaningdictionarycompilersarenotinterestedin.
24.“CanIborrowyourbike?
”_______“Youhaveabike.”
A.issynonymouswith
B.isinconsistentwith
C.entails
D.presupposes
25.___________isawayinwhichthemeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponents,calledsemanticfeatures.
A.Predicationanalysis
B.Componentialanalysis
C.Phonemicanalysis
D.Grammaticalanalysis
26.“alive”and“dead”are______________.
A.gradableantonyms
B.relationalopposites
C.complementaryantonyms
D.Noneoftheabove
27._________dealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.
A.Reference
B.Concept
C.Semantics
D.Sense
28.___________referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform.
A.Polysemy
B.Synonymy
C.Homonymy
D.Hyponymy
29.Wordsthatarecloseinmeaningarecalled______________.
A.homonyms
B.polysemy
C.hyponyms
D.synonyms
30. Thegrammaticalityofasentenceisgovernedby_______.
A.grammaticalrules
B.selectionalrestrictions
C.semanticrules
D.semanticfeatures
IV.Definethefollowingterms.
31.semantics
32.sense
33.reference
34.synonymy
35.polysemy
36.homonymy
37.homophones
38.Homographs
39.completehomonyms
40.hyponymy
41.antonymy
42.componentialanalysis
43.grammaticalmeaning
44.predication
45.Argument
46.predicate
47.Two-placepredication
V.Answ
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- U5 语义学 02