Model Test Five.docx
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Model Test Five.docx
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ModelTestFive
ModelTestFive
PartⅠWriting
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledThePopularityofSelf-DriveTourism.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:
1.随着私家车越来越多,人们开始选择自驾游的方式外出旅行;
2.自驾游的利与弊;
3.我的观点
ThePopularityofSelf-DriveTourism
PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.
Forquestions1—7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).
Forquestions8—10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
HappinessandSadness
Happinessandsadnessaretwomostbasicandfamiliarfeelingforhumanbeings.Recently,peoplehaveachievedfurtherunderstandingaboutthem.
Happiness
UniversityofIllinois,psychologistEdDiener,whohasstudiedhappinessforaquartercentury,wasinScotland,-'recently,explainingtomembersofParliamentandbusinessleadersthevalueofincreasingtraditionalmeasuresofacountry'swealthwithanationalindexofhappiness.Suchanindexwouldmeasurepoliciesknowntoincreasepeople'ssenseofwell-being,suchasdemocraticfreedoms,accesstohealthcareandtheruleoflaw.
EricWilsontriedtogetwiththeprogram.Urgedonbyfriends,heboughtbooksonhowtobecomehappier.Hemadeeveryefforttosmoothouthishabitualworriedlookandwearasunnysmile,sinceahappyexpressioncanleadtogenuinelyhappyfeelings.Wilson,aprofessorofEnglishatWakeForestUniversity,tookupjogging,reputedtoboostthebrain'ssupplyofjoyfulneuro-chemicals,andbeganhisconversationswith"great!
"and"wonderful!
",thebettertoexercisehiscapacityforenthusiasm.
However,somescientistsarereleasingthemost-extensive-everstudycomparingmoderateandextremelevelsofhappiness,andfindingthatbeinghappierisnotalwaysbetter.Insurveysof118519peoplefrom96countries,scientistsexaminedhowvariouslevelsofsubjectivewell-beingmatchedupwithincome,education,politicalparticipation,volunteeractivitiesandcloserelationships.Theyalsoanalyzedhowdifferentlevelsofhappiness,asreportedbycollegestudents,correlatedwithvariousoutcomes.Evenallowingforimprecisioninpeople'sself-reportedsenseofwell-being,theresultswereunambiguous.Thehighestlevelsofhappinessgoalongwiththemoststable,longestandmostcontentedrelationships.Thatis,evenalittlediscontentwithyourpartnercancauseyoutolookaroundforsomeonebetter,untilyouareatbestaserialmonogamistandatworstneverinaloving,stablerelationship.
Nevertheless,"onceamoderatelevelofhappinessisachieved,furtherincreasescansometimesbeharmfultoincome,careersuccess,educationandpoliticalparticipation",DienerandcolleagueswriteinthejournalPerspectivesonPsychologicalScience.Onascalefrom1to10,where10sisextremelyhappy,8sismoresuccessfulthan9sand10s,gettingmoreeducationandearningmore.Thatprobablyreflectsthefactthatpeoplewhoaresomewhatdiscontent,butnotsodepressedastobeparalyzed,aremoremotivatedtoimproveboththeirownlot(thusdrivingthemselvestoacquiremoreeducationandseekever-more-challengingjobs)andthelotoftheircommunity(causingthemtoparticipatemoreincivicandpoliticallife).Incontrast,peopleatthetopofthejollinesschartsfeelnosuchurgency."Ifyou'retotallysatisfiedwithyourlifeandwithhowthingsaregoingintheworld,"saysDiener,"youdon'tfeelverymotivatedtoworkforchange.Bewarywhenpeopletellyouthatyoushouldbehappier."
Sandness
Thedrawbacksofconstant,extremehappinessshouldnotbesurprising,sincenegativeemotionsevolvedforareason.Feartipsusofftothepresenceofdanger,forinstance.Sadness,too,seemstobepartofourbiologicalinheritance.Wilsonarguesthatonlybyexperiencingsadnesscanweexperiencethefullnessofthehumancondition.Healsoassertsthat"thehappymanisahollowman,"butheishardlythefirstscholartoseemelancholia(精神忧郁症)asinspiration.AclassicalGreektext,possiblywrittenbyAristotle,asks,"Whyisitthatallthosewhohavebecomeoutstandinginphilosophyorpoliticsorpoetryortheartsareclearlymelancholic?
"Wilson'sansweristhat"thebluescanbeacatalyst(催化剂)foraspecialkindofgenius,ageniusforexploringdarkboundariesbetweenopposites."Theever-restless,thechronicallydiscontent,aredissatisfiedwiththestatusquo,beitinartorliteratureorpolitics.
Foralltheirfamiliarity,theseargumentsareneverthelessbeingcrushedbythehappinessmovement.LastAugust,thenovelistMaryGordonlamentedtoTheNewYorkTimesthat"amongwriters...whatisabsolutelynotallowableissadness.Peoplewilldoanythingratherthanto
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