基于全球价值链的浙江中小企业服装产业升级分析以桐乡羊毛衫产业为例.docx
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基于全球价值链的浙江中小企业服装产业升级分析以桐乡羊毛衫产业为例.docx
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基于全球价值链的浙江中小企业服装产业升级分析以桐乡羊毛衫产业为例
基于全球价值链的浙江中小企业服装产业升级分析——以桐乡羊毛衫产业为例
摘要
改革开放38年以来,以中小企业为主的浙江服装产业取得了快速发展的机遇,逐渐成为浙江省国民经济的支柱产业。
但是近年来全球经济的不景气,使浙江省的服装产业出现了外需减少,内需不振的情况。
在这种不乐观的形势背后,浙江省服装产业集群创新能力弱、产品附加值低、中小企业间恶性竞争等问题越来越突出,为了使浙江省服装产业重新焕发生机,必须进行产业升级。
而位于杭嘉湖地区的桐乡羊毛衫产业集群在浙江服装产业集群中具有代表性。
本文通过对桐乡羊毛衫市场的实地调查,用SWTO理论研究分析了桐乡羊毛衫产业在经济全球化这一背景下的发展与现状,找出了它在国际竞争上的优势和劣势。
本文旨在根据SWTO理论分析得到的结论,再综合全球价值链理论,对桐乡羊毛衫产业集群升级提出一些可行的建议。
关键词:
全球价值链,服装产业,中小企业,升级
AnAnalysisontheIndustrialUpgradingofClothingSMEsinZhejiang—TakeTongxiang’sWoolenSweaterIndustryasanExample
Abstract
Overthe38yearssincethereformandopening-uppolicy,theclothingindustryinZhejiangachievedtheopportunityofrapiddevelopmentandbecamethepillarindustrydevotinganumberofcontributiontoZhejiang’sGDP.However,recentyearsthedepressionofglobaleconomytriggeredthedecreaseofoverseasmarketdemandandsluggishdomesticdemandofclothingindustryinZhejiang.Besides,underthisdimprospect,theproblemssuchasweakinnovationcapability,lowvalue-addedproductsandviciouscompetitionsbetweenclothingSMEs(smallandmediumenterprises)inZhejiangarebecomingmoreandmoreserious.InordertomaketheclothingindustryinZhejiangprovincebacktolife,theclothingindustryinZhejianghastoimplementindustrialupgrading.AndTongxiang’sWoolenSweaterindustrialclusterinHangjiahuRegionisrepresentativeinZhejiangclothingindustrialcluster.So,throughthefieldinvestigationofTongxiang’swoolensweatermarket,bymeansofSWTO(strength,weakness,opportunityandthreat)thispaperanalyzesthedevelopmentaswellasstatusofTongxiang’swoolensweaterindustrysoastofindouthisadvantagesanddisadvantagesininternationalcompetition.Accordingtotheseanalyses,basedonglobalvaluechaintheory,thispaperaimstoprovidevaluableapproachesofclothingindustrialupgrading.
KeyWords:
globalvaluechaintheory,clothingindustry,SME,upgrading
1.Introduction
Thischaptermainlyelaboratesthecoreissueinthispaperandexplainsthesignificanceoftopicselection.
Fromtheperspectiveofspatialdistribution,theeconomicdevelopmentnowadayscontainstwomainlines.Ontheonehand,thankstotherapidprogressofinformationtechnologyandtransportationsystem,variouseconomicentitiesaregraduallybreakingdownoriginalgeographicalboundariestoexpandworldwideeconomicnetworksbytakingtheflowofproductionfactorsasmainchannel,whichisso-calledeconomicglobalization.Ontheotherhand,theregionaleconomywithindifferentgeographicalfieldsshowsamoreconcentratedtrend,wheretheenterprisesinsameindustryorsimilarindustriesformlocalindustrialclusterthroughhorizontalintegration—suchnewformofindustrialorganizationhasbecomethedominantmodeofcurrentregionaleconomicdevelopment.MichaelPorterfromHarvardUniversitytooktheleadtoproposetheindustrialclustertheoryunderglobaleconomy,whichtreatsandanalyzesindustrialclusterphenomenonfromanewperspective—competitiveness.Meanwhile,theroleofindustrialclusterisgettingmoreimportantintheincreasinglycomplicated,knowledgeorientedanddynamiceconomicentity.
PotterproposedtheDiamondSystemtheorywhichalsocalledNationalCompetitiveAdvantageTheory.ThephenomenathatareclassifiedintofourbroadfactorsincorporatedintothePorterdiamond,whichhasbecomeakeytoolfortheanalysisofcompetitiveness.[1](p.23)ThefirstelementofDiamondSystemtheoryisfactorconditionswhichincludeshumanresources,physicalresources,knowledgeresources,capitalresourcesandinfrastructure.Thesecondelementisdemandconditions,thedemandinthehomemarketcanhelpcompaniescreatecompetitiveadvantage,whensophisticatedhomemarketbuyerspressurefirmstoinnovatefasterandtocreatemoreadvancedproductsthatthoseofcompetitors.Thethirdisrelatedandsupportingindustries,theseindustriesprovidecost-effectiveinputs,buttheyalsoparticipateintheupgradingprocess,thusstimulatingothercompaniesinthechaintoinnovate.Firmstrategy,structureandrivalryconstitutesthefourthdeterminantofcompetitiveness,thewayinwhichcompaniesarecreated,setgoalsandaremanagedisimportantforsuccess.
AccordingtoPorte’sDiamondSystemtheory,theresultsshowthat,clusternotonlyreducestransactioncostsandenhancesefficiency,butalsoimprovesincentivemethod,whichcreatesinformation,professionalsystem,reputationandothercollectivewealth.Themoreimportantthingisthat,clustercanperfectinnovationconditions,accelerateproductivitygrowth,andisbeneficialtotheformationofnewenterprises.Althoughthefiercecompetitionamongenterpriseswithinclustertemporarilyreducedprofits,thecompetitiveadvantageisestablishedrelativetoenterprisesinotherregions.Internationally,therearetwocategoriesofindu
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- 基于 全球 价值链 浙江 中小企业 服装 产业 升级 分析 桐乡 羊毛衫