论文原稿.docx
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论文原稿.docx
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论文原稿
SelfthemeinLeavesofGrass
LvTing
Abstract:
Thethemeabout“self”ofWhitman’sLeavesofGrassrunsthroughfrombeginningtoend.Itisalsotheconcept,whichnotignoredonstudyingLeavesofGrass.Whitman’s“self”isoutofordinary,whichisdifferentfromthecategoriesofhistory,literature,psychologyandsoon.Itincludesthreemeaningstheyare“theindividualself”,“theAmericanself”and“theuniversalself”.Althoughthesethree“self”makeawholepartbythemindividually,andtheyshouldn’tbecutapartbecauseeach“self”hastheirownspecificities.InLeavesofGrass,WhitmantendstoprovidehisreaderswithanutmostrangetobroadentheirperceptionoftheSelf.Therethree“self”contradicteachother,butatthesametime,theyaddtoeachothersothattheyconsiststheLeavesofGrassweseetoday.
Keywords:
WaltWhitman;LeavesofGrass;theindividualself;theAmericanself;theuniversalself.
1.Introduction
WaltWhitman(1819-1892)isbothaveryfamouspoetandoutstandinghumanistofAmerica.Heisessentiallyapoet,thoughotheraspectsofhisachievementasphilosopher,music,orcritichavealsostressed.WeallknowthathisLeavesofGrass,whichpublishedin1855,ishishugeachievementinhiswholelife.HestillthinksofhisLeavesofGrassashisvaluablelife.Inaddition,asfarasheknew,hispoetrywillbore;growupandripewithhisaction.LeavesofGrassgotthougheightrevisingfrom1855to1892theyearwhenWhitmanwasdead.Therefore,hisworksexpands12tomornthan400becauseoftheeightrevisions.HisLeavesofGrassthatfilledwithWhitman’slifetimepainstakingeffort,whichwassneeredatbadlybyAmericanliteraryworldatthattime.Atthatoldtime,EmersonistheonlyonewhostillsupportedWhitman,andhesaid,“Whitmanisbeginningagreatundertaking.BecauseLeavesofGrassisoutofthecommonandahugecontributioninAmericanliteraryuptonow.”However,todayitbecomesoneofthefamousnessliteraturesinAmericanliteraryhistory.Moreover,ittranslatedbyallkindsoflanguage.Therefore,Whitmanalsobecomesoneofthehottestwriters.Whitmanisapoetwholovestosingthepraisesof“theself”,andsoLeavesofGrassispoetrylikethis.However,itisnotanoccasionalevent.BecauseEmersonhadbeendesignedidealfigureforAmericanpoetinhisPoet.ThenEmersonencouragedAmericanpoetgotridoftheoldEuropeantraditioninhisAmericanscholar.Whitman’spoetryresponsetoEmerson’sappealintensely.HerecognizedthatiftheywouldexpandtheareaofAmericanpoem,theymustgetthetruemeaningsabout“theself”.Theself-themerunsthroughWhitman’sLeavesofGrassfrombeginningtoend.Nevertheless,his“self”isnotonlypointtosomebody,hewanttoexpresstherhythmoflivesthrough“theself”ateverytime.Thecriticsinaccordancewithselfarethecollectionofthebodyandthespirit.AsfarasIknown,Whitman’s“theself”notlimitedinthisfield.Ibelieve“theself”includesthreepointstheyare“theindividualself”,“theAmericanself”and“theuniversalself”.Thesethreelivewitheachother.Anyway,LeavesofGrassislikeanencyclopediaofAmericanlife,whichreallydeservesfurtherresearch.
TianHanfirstintroducedWhitmanintoChinain1919.Hepublishedanarticle100-yearAnniversaryofCivilianpoetWhitmanin1917,whichevaluatedhighlyWhitman’sthoughtsandpoetry.Inthisarticle,TianHantalksaboutWhitman’sdemocraticviewandAmericanspirit.HealsotalksaboutfreeverseandAmericanRenaissance,andbelievesthattheriseofChinesefreeverseisundertheinfluenceofWhitman’spoet.
ThisessayIwilltalkaboutthethree“self”andtherelationbetweenthem.
.TheIndividualSelf
InhisLeavesofGrass,Whitmanconcernistoexplorediscusses,andcelebrateshisownSelf,hisindividualityandhispersonality.ForWhitman,theIndividualSelfcomprisestwoparts-thebodilyselfandthespirituallife.Atthattime,hisideaisahugesurprisetotheAmericanliteraryfield.Becausemostpeoplefiguredthat,thesoulismoredivinethanthebody.Therefore,hisideaisdifferentfrommanyotherpredecessorsinliteraryandphilosophicalfieldsespeciallydifferentfromDescartes,whobelievesthatspiritliesatahigherlevelthanbody;Whitmanthinksthattheyareofthesamesignificanceintheconstructionoftheindividualself.Hegivesfreshandspiritequalbilling.Onlythroughtheunionofthesetwoelements,canonetrulyintegratetheIndividualSelf.
2.1BodilySelf
WhitmanisthefirstAmericanwriterwhospeakshighlyofthebody.Heworshipsthematerialbody,nomattermaleorfemale.Moreover,helovesthebodyandmanykindsoffunctionsofbodies.People’sbodymakeshimmoreexcitedthanotherthings.Inhismind,nothingismoreholythanpeople’sbody.Inhis,ISingtheBodyElectric:
“Ifanyth
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