LOGISTICS INFORMATION MANAGEMENT.docx
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LOGISTICS INFORMATION MANAGEMENT.docx
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LOGISTICSINFORMATIONMANAGEMENT
ManagingSupply-ChainbyInformationTechnology
Content
1.Introduction4
2.MaterialManagementInformationTechnology5
2.1ThedevelopmentofMRP5
2.2FromMRPtoMRPII7
2.3DefininganM.R.P.IIIProcess8
2.4TheERPandERPIIsystem9
3.ForecastingsystemandAPS10
3.1Forecastsystem11
3.2APSsystem11
4.InformationTechnologyinTransportationManagement13
4.1telephoneandfaxage13
4.2TransportationManagementSystem13
4.2.1DistributionManagementsystem14
4.2.2ForwarderManagementSystem15
4.2.3Logisticstrackingsystem15
4.2.4Decisionsupportsystem16
4.3InternettrackingageandtheapplicationofRFID16
5.CommunicationTechnologiesinLogistics17
5.1EDItechnology17
5.2Internet18
5.3SatelliteCommunicationandRFDC18
5.4Barcodeandscanningtechnology18
6.Conclusion18
7.Bibliography18
ManagingSupply-ChainbyInformationTechnology
1.Introduction
Supply-ChainInformationSystem(SCIS)isacomprehensiveandintegratedinformationsystemwhichisasystematicorganicintegrationcombinedwithInformationnetworks,ExecutionsystemsandDecisionSupportSystem(DSS).Whileeachofthethreesystemsactuallyarecomposedofseveralsub-systemswhichexecuteaspecificfunctionrelatedwithsupply-chainorlogisticsactivities.Originally,enterprisesputemphasisonthestorageofproductsanddistributionchannelsestablishmentinlogisticsoperation.Thetransitionofinformationmeanslesstocustomerandthustheenterprisesneglectthetimelyandaccurateinformationcommunicationinsupply-chainmanagement.Whilewiththefast-changingmarketenvironmentandfast-growingtechnologicaladvancesininformationtechnology,timelyandaccurateinformationcommunicationbecameincreasinglyimportanttothedesignandefficientoperationofwholelogisticssystem.Thischangedtrendmainlyresultedfromthefollowing4reasons:
(1)Customerrecognizedtheimportanceofcompletecustomerserviceshouldinvolvetheprovisionofinformationsuchasorderstatus,products’availability,deliveryplan,transportationinquiryandsettlementetc,.
(2)Toreducetheuncertaintyandoverallcapitalinvestment,efficientandeffectivesupply-chainoperationaskforthesupportofeffectiveuseofinformation.(3)Informationcanimprovetheflexibilityofsupply-chainandinformwhere,whenandhowtousetheresourcesinsupply-chainsoastoattaincompetitiveadvantages.(4)Thedevelopmentofinternetgreatlyimprovedthetransitionandinterchangecapabilityofinformationcommunication,whichchangedtherelationshipsoftradepartiesandredefinedthedistributionchannel.
Supply-ChainInformationSystem(SCIS)isalinewhichstringsallthelogisticsactivitiesinacompleteintegralsystem.Itiscomposeofthefollowing4layersfunctionalmodules:
(1)TransactionSystem;
(2)ManageandControl;(3)Decision-Makingandanalysis;(4)StrategicPlanning.Apowerfultransactionsystemisthefoundationofother3systems.Whilemanyinformationtechnologiesareoperation-orientedandtheirinnovationinthepastthreedecadesorevenearlierestablishedtheplatformforthecurrentSCIS.
Thisintegratedinformationsystemisconsistoffourmainparts:
EnterpriseResourcePlanning(ERP),communicationsystem,executionsystemandplanningsystem.ERPsystemoriginallyinvolvedfromtheMaterialRequirementPlan(MRP)systemandthenMRPcombinedwithotherimportantfunctionssuchasprediction,vendormanagement,salesmanagement,inventorymanagement,ordermanagementsystemetc,developedintoMRPIIsystem.Afterthat,someotherfunctionsrelatedwiththeFinanceManagement,DemandForecasting,CustomerRelationshipManagement(CRM)wereaddedtoMRPII,whichresultedintheERPorMRPIIIsystem.Thecommunicationsystemcanimprovetheefficientflowofinformationbetweendifferentfunctionaldepartmentsaswellasthesupply-chainpartners.Itdealswithallthereal-timedatainlogisticsoperationsuchasmaterialflow,productstatus,inventory,productdistributionandorderprocessing.Themaintechnologiesinthisfieldincludesbarcodes,scanning,ElectronicDataInterchange(EDI),satellitecommunications,RadioFrequencyDataCommunication(RFDC)andInternet.Thesetechnologiesmakesiteasierandmoreaccurateandtimelyfortheinformationflowbecommunicatedinthesupply-chainsoastoensureallthepartiesinthesupply-chaincanbetterfacilitatetheirplanning,analyzing,implementationandcontrollingtheoperation.ExecutionsysteminSCISmainlyfocusesonthespecificfunctionssuchasWarehouseManagementSystem(WMS),TransportationManagementSystem(TMS),YardManagementSystem(YMS),CRMetc,.Theplanningsystemsmainlyassisttoevaluatethesupply-chainoperationsolutionandalsocalledAdvancedPlanningandSchedule(APS)system.Itenabletheplannertomakecorrec
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