初中英语非谓语动词讲解.docx
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初中英语非谓语动词讲解.docx
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初中英语非谓语动词讲解
非谓语动词之“动词不定式”详解
非谓语动词就是不充当谓语的动词,分两种。
一是动词不定式。
二是动词ing形式。
一、动词不定式
1)作主语
TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.或ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.
[说明]动词不定式作主语时,往往用it作形式主语,这种句型可归纳为下面的句型:
e.g.Itis+adj.+动词不定式
如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者,可以用for+sb.
e.g.Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.
2)作表语
(表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词的-ing形式、不定式、从句来充当,它常位于系动词(be,become,appear,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词)之后。
)
e.g.Mywishistobecomeateacher.
3)作宾语或者宾语补足语
e.g.Mostofusliketowatchfootballmatches.
e.g.Hetoldmetobehereontime.
4)作定语:
e.g.Ihavenothingtosayaboutthatthing.
5)作状语:
e.g.Hestoppedtohavealook.
[说明]动词不定式的否定形式:
not+to+动词原形构成
e.g.Heaskedmenottomakesuchamistake.
2、动词不定式与疑问词连用:
疑问词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how,why等后面可以按动词不定式,构成动词不定式短语。
e.g.
(1)Hedoesn’tknowhowtousethemachine.
(2)Howtousethemachineisaquestion.
(3)Thequestioniswhentogothere.
3、省去了to的动词不定式
1)let,have,make+do
2)感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,hear,listento,smell,feel,find+to。
注意:
在被动语态中则to不能省掉。
e.g.Isawhimdance. =Hewasseentodance.
e.g.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.
3)wouldrather,hadbetter+do
4、动词不定式的特殊句型:
1)too…to…+todo:
e.g.Heistooexcitedtospeak.
2)enoughtodo:
e.g.Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschool.
3)Whynot+doe.g.Whynottakeaholiday
4)soas(not)todo:
表示目的e.g.Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.
5、不定式的难点:
1)用作介词的“to”:
比如说lookforwardto;payattentionto;devoteoneselftobe/getusedto,后面都是+doing的!
2)It'sforsb.和It'sofsb.的区别
二、动词ing形式:
动词ing形式分为两种,一是动名词,二是现在分词
1.动词的-ing形式用作动名词:
动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式,由动词原形加-ing构成,它在句中起名词的作用,可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。
1)动名词作主语:
e.g.Walkingisgoodexercise.走路是很好的运动
2)动名词作表语e.g.Myfavoritesportisswimming.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
3)动名词作宾语:
e.g.Jimdislikeseatingchocolate.吉姆不喜欢吃巧克力。
e.g.Shecan’thelpcryingatasadmovie.她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。
[说明]有些动词和动词短语只能接动名词。
e.g.admit,finish,forgive,giveup,mind,practise,begoodat,dowellin,can'thelp,keepon,feellike,beusedto,lookforwardto,preferto,。
6)动名词作定语:
动名词可以单独作定语,就像形容词一样。
e.g.asmilingface笑脸swimmingpool游泳池dining-car餐车
2.动词的-ing形式用作现在分词:
-ing分词通常用作宾语补足语,表示动作正在发生或者正在进行。
这种用法通常用在下列动词中:
see,hear,find,smell,watch,find,listento,lookat,notice,observe
e.g.1)TherewefoundhimwatchingTV.我们发现他在那儿看电视。
2)Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.我听见有人在敲门。
3.动词ing形式和动名词之间的比较:
下面这些动词,后面接不定式或动名词意思都是一样的:
begintodo
begindoing
continuetodo
continuedoing
starttodo
startdoing
下面这些动词,后面接不定式或动名词意思是不一样的:
stoptodo
stopdoing
forgettodo
forgetdoing
remembertodo
rememberdoing
trytodo
trydoing
goontodo
goondoing
beafraidtodo
beafraiddoing
【专练】
1.Don'tforget_________theletter.
A.tosendB.sendC.sendingD.beingsent
2.Thechairlooksveryold,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_________.
A.sitB.sitonC.besatD.besaton
3.Is______necessarytoreturnthebooktomorrow
A.thisB.thatC.itD.which
4.I'mafraidtheywouldnotallowhim________here.
A.tosmokeB.smokingC.smokesD.smoke
5.Mothertoldme________thewaterbeforeIdrankit.
A.boilingB.boiledC.boilD.toboil
6.Onmywayhome,Istopped_______somefood.
A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.bought
7.LiYangadvisedme_________toomuch,otherwiseIwouldhavebeendrunk.
A.nottodrinkB.todrinkC.notdrinkingD.drinking
8.He______twomillionyuan______avaseattheauction.
A.spent,buyB.cost,buyingC.paid,buyD.spent,buying
9.ThefirstthingIwanttodois__________.
A.visittohimB.tovisithimC.visitinghimD.visitedhim
10.Johnwasmade_______thecarforaweekasapunishment.
A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing
11.________isonething,________isquiteanother.
A.Tosay,todoB.Say,doC.Said,didD.Tosay,do
12.I’lltry________thesamemistakesagain.
A.tonotmakeB.notmakeC.nottomakeD.notmaking
13.It’stoohard________itbyhimself.
A.nottodoB.todoC.thatIdoD.doing
14.It’stimeforsports.Let’s______bowling,shallwe
A.goB.togoC.goingD.goes
15.‘Mr.Zhou,you’dbetter______toomuchsugar.Youarealreadyoverweight,’saidthedoctor.
A.nottoeatB.toeatC.noteatD.eat
1.Ifyoukeep________(fight)withhim,youmayhurtyourself.
2.Thestudentsarebusy________(prepare)forthecomingexam.
3.Hisdutyis________(save)thesickpeople.
4.Ihavenothing___________(send)you.
5.Theyweremade___________(work)tenhoursaday.
6.Nooneknowswhat___________(do)next.
【提高题】
I.选择题。
1.Thedoctorcame______oureyes.
A.toexamineB.forexaminingC.astoexamineD.examining
2.Ourteacheralwaysmakesus_______hard.
A.toworkB.workC.workingD.worked
3._______ourclassroomonceaweekisnecessary.
A.CleaningB.CleanCleanedD.Toclean
4._______isourduty______goodservicetocustomers
A.That,togiveB.This,givingC.It,togiveD.It,giving
5.Ittookyears______thehighrise.
A.forourbuildingB.forusinbuildingC.tobuildD.building
6.Theirwishis_____ahouseoftheirown.
A.tohaveB.forhavingC.haveD.ofhaving
7.Theteacheragreed_____us_____thetestpapershome.
A.tolet,takeB.tolet,totakeC.letting,takeD.let,take
8.WhenhesawIwasinahurry,heoffered_______mehisbicycle.
A.lendingB.lentC.tolendD.inlending
9.Idon'tlike_______people_________abouttheirneighbours.
A.hear,talkingB.tohear,talkingC.tohear,totalkD.hearing,talked
10.Ihaven'tdecided________
A.totakewhichtrainB.whichtotakeatrain
C.whichtraintotakeD.whichtraintaken
11.Youmustremember____meaphonecallassoonasyougetthere.
A.givingB.togiveC.gaveD.give
12.ProfessorBrowntaughthisstudents______English,andhelearned______Chinesefromthem.
A.howtospeak,speakingB.howtospeak,tospeak
C.howspeaking,speakingD.howspeak,tospeak
13.—Sorry,Iforgot_________youthatthepartywouldn'tbeheldtonight.
—That'sallright.Maryhastoldmeaboutit.
A.tellingB.ItoldC.toldD.totell
14.Iwonder_________himornot.
A.ifinviteB.whethertoinviteCtoinviteD.iftoinvite
15.Ihope_________yourself.
A.youtomanageB.foryoutomanage
C.youmanagingD.thatyoucanmanage
16.—Wouldyoulike________youthewaythere
—It'skindofyou.Thankyou.
A.meshowingB.thatIshowC.meshowD.metoshow
17.Theoldmansaidthathe'dprefer______aloneinthecountryratherthanlivewithhissoninthecity.
A.livingB.toliveC.thathelivesD.forhimtolive
18.IknowAliceverywell.Ihaveseenher____upfromchildhood.
A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow
19.Sincenobodytoldher______,shecametoourhelp.
A.whatshedidB.todowhatC.whattodoD.whatshetodo
20.Myauntshowedme_____.
A.howtomakeadressB.howadressbemade
C.howmakingadressD.howadressmade
21.Aftershefinishedtheexercisesinthetextbook,shetried______moreexercises______.
A.tofind,todoB.finding,todoC.tofind,shedidD.finding,done
22.ThepolicemantoldSmith______afterdrinking.
A.tonotdriveB.notdrivingC.notdriveD.nottodrive
23.Tomkeptquietabouthismistake_____losehisjob.
A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto
24.Patshouldlove______littleJimtothetheatrethisevening.
A.totakeB.takingC.thathewouldtakeD.forhimtotake
25.Weenjoy_verymuch,becauseitisgoodforourhealth.
A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran
26.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.
—Oh,Iforgot_______.
A.turnitoffB.toturnitoffC.thatIturneditoffD.thatIshouldturnitoff
27.Theywereverytiredandstopped_______underabigtree.
A.restingB.torestC.restD.thattheywouldrest
28.—Wouldyoumindmetheanswertotheproblem
—Notatall.
A.thatyoutellmeB.tellingC.totellD.iftelling
29.Hepromised______adoctorformyson.
A.metogetB.thathegotmeC.megettingD.methathegot
30.Fathertoldtheboy______thedogafewbonesafterdinner.
A.thathegaveB.togiveC.givingD.gave.
31._________thatmoneyforhiseducation,hisparentsworkedhardevenaftertheirday'swork.
A.ForgettingB.GetC.SoastogetD.Inordertoget
32.Ithinkyouare_________mealsyourself.
A.enougholdtocookB.oldenoughtocook
C.oldenoughforcookingD.enougholdcooking
33.Themathsproblemis_________difficult_________.
A.so,astoworkoutB.very,toworkout
C.too,toworkoutD.quite,workedout
34.LastnightIwassotiredthatIfellasleepsoon.Ididn'thearhimin.
A.comingB.cameC.tocomeD.come
35.Haveyouanythingimportant____us
A.totellB.tellingC.toldusD.youtell
36.—DoyouknowaboutCaptainEdMitchell202
—Yes.Hewasthesixthman_____onthemoon.
A.walkingB.walkedC.towalkD.ofwalking
37.Itisnice________her__________so.
A.for,tosayB.for,sayingC.of,tosayD.of,said
38.Isn'titaniceway_____thehardproblem
A.tosolveB.insolvingC.solveD.solving
39.You'dbetter_________heraboutherownhealthnow.
A.nottotellB.nottellC.tonottellD.totellnot
40.Whatacoincidence!
Dr.Brownhappened_______thedoctorIwaslookingfor.
A.hewasB.beingC.tobeD.tobeing
II.填空题。
1.Factoriesdonotletoutdirtywater____________________(为了不污染河流).
2.Herjobis_________________.(照顾医院里患病的孩子)
3.Inthesupermarketthecollegestudentslearned____________________.(如何为顾客服务)
4.ThereweresomanytoysthatJudydidn'tknow____________________.(挑选哪一个).
5.Theonlytroubleis_____________________.(如何保护这些电脑)
6.Hewillsavemoney_____________________________.(为了支付将来的大学费用)
7.Thenurse__________________________________.(不允许孩子们玩火柴)
8.Thismedicinewill________________.(帮你入睡)
9.Theywillbesent_______________(到非洲当医疗队员).
10.Theboyaskedhisteacher__________________________.(让他自己修理冰箱)
11.Thequestionis__________________.(是否让孩子们自己解决这个问题).
12.Thistelephoneis_____________________.(足够小可以放进口袋)
13.Thisbookwilltellyou______________________.(如何使这台电脑储存信息)
14.I________________________.(没有回答试卷上的最后一个问题)
15.Itisnoteasy______________________________.(一个人戒烟)
16.Youcantakeataxithere________________________.(而不是步行去)
17.Theundergroundtrainis________________________.(足够快可在20分钟内从我们学校行驶到体育场).
18.Thelecturehallis__________________.(太小容纳不下500个学生)
19.Juliahurriedtoschool__________________________.(没有吃早餐).
20.Itoldthestudents__________________________.(不要将罐头和饮料瓶扔进河里)
21.Thomas____________________________________.(有许多问题要问老师)
22.Doyouknowthesaying“_______________________.”(活到老学到老)
23.Jacksaw_____________________.(牛跑回来)
24.Athensranalltheway__________________________________(把好消息告诉他的人民).
25.Hewasthefirstman___________________________________.(骑骑自行车做环球旅行)
26.Theyenjoy____________________________________.(爬山和野营)
27.Assoonastheteacherentered,heasked_____________________________(我们停止讲话).
28._____________________(在一个半小时内做完这份试卷)isalmostimpossible.
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