定语从句及相关从句40题分辨与讲解.docx
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定语从句及相关从句40题分辨与讲解.docx
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定语从句及相关从句40题分辨与讲解
定语从句及相关从句40题分辨与讲解
定语从句及相关从句分辨与讲解在历届高考试题中,对定语从句及相关从句的考试题,几乎是每年都有,出题角度变化无常,且定语从句的教学在中学英语教学中居十分重要的地位.1.Thefactory__________hismotherworksisintheeastofthecity.A.that B.which C.onwhich D.where答案:
D.关系副词where在定语从句中作地点状语.2.Theplace__________interestedmemostwastheChildren’sPalace.A.which B.where C.what D.inwhich答案:
A.关系代词which代theplace,在定语从句中作主语,所以不能选B,D.如不用Theplace就选C,主语从句.*归纳:
在学习定语从句时不要一看到表示地点的字眼就选where或inwhich等。
3.Pleasemakeamark________youdon’tunderstand.A.where B.inwhich C.atwhich D.that答案:
A.where引导地点状语从句。
4.Theytalkedofthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.that B.\ C.whom D.bothAandB答案D先行词为thingsandpersons为人和事,只能用that,因为作宾语,故可省。
5.All________hastobedoneeverydayistolistenandtorepeatwhathedoes.A.that B.which C.whom D.he答案A先行词all为不定代词,只能用that,不能用which.此外还有先行词为anything,everything,nothing,any,little,one,few,much,none等,如:
(1) Thereisn’tmuchthatIcando.
(2) Heisoneofthefewthatcanworkitoutinfiveminutes.6.Thisisthebiggestlibrary______wehaveeverbuiltinouruniversity.A.which B.where C.that D.one答案C当先行词由形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时用that.7Thisisthefirstplace_______I’veevervisited.A.where B.inwhich C.that D.which答案C 当先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时用that.8.Isthistheverymuseum______youvisitedtheotherday?
A.which B.that C.what D.where答案B当先行词被thevery,theonly等修饰时用that9.Sheiswearingthesamedress______sheworeyesterday.A.like B.as C.that D.which答案C当先行词被thesame修饰,且指“同一物品”时用that.10.Heisnottheman_____hewas.A.what B.that C.as D.who答案B关系代词在定语从句中作表语时用that.11.Whichisthebook______youboughtyesterday?
A.which B.that C.what D.theone答案B当主语从句是以who,which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时用that.12.Ihavethesamebook_____youboughtyesterday.A.as B.that C.which D.what 答案Athesame与as搭配,请与第九题比较。
13.Doyouhavesuchabook______hehas?
A.as B.that C.which D.what答案Aas与关系代词such搭配14._______isknowntoall,theearthmovesaroundthesun.A.It B.As C.Which D.That答案B关系代词as引导非限定性定语从句,带地球绕月亮转这件事,表“正如”。
不可用which15._______isknowntoallthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.A.It B.As C.Which D.That答案AIt为形式主语,不可用that.16.Hewaslatethismorning,_______madetheteacherangry.A.that B.which C.as D.what答案为Bwhich用于非限定性定语从句,无先行词,代替“他迟到”这件事。
不用as因为无“正如”的意思。
17.Soonwearrivedattheschool,infrontof_____grewalotofflowers.A.it B.that C.where D.which答案D关系代词前用介词或短语介词指物品时只能用which.18.Hewroteseveralsongslastyear,andthreeof_____wereverypopularamongyoungpeople.A.them B.which C.what D.that答案A此句不是从句,而是用and 连接的并列句,故用them.19.Soonwecametoasmallhouse;______stoodaverytalltree.A.infrontofthat B.infrontofit C.infrontofwhich D.inthefrontofit答案B因为前面用“;”,前后两个是独立单句,不能用关系代词。
hestoriesabouttheLongMarch,_____thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.A.forwhich B.ofwhich C.that D.what答案Boneexampleofthestories21.Theoldmanhasadaughter,_____abetterdaughterdoesnotexist.A.ofwhich B.withwhom C.whose D.thanwhom 答案D定语从句为abetterdaughterthanwhomdoesnotexist.为了句子结构严谨,thanwhom调到定语从句前。
22.Doyouremembertheday_____wespent_____climbingMountTailastsummer?
A.\;going B.when;ingoing C.onwhich;going D.which;togo答案A关系代词作宾语时可省去,前空可用that,which或\,后空可用going或ingoing.23.I’llneverforgetthedays____weplayedtogetherinourchildhood.A.which B.that C.\ D.when答案D因为play为不及物动词,可用onwhich或when.24.Thereason_____hewaslatewas_____hegotuptoolate.A.why,that B.that,why C.why,because D.that,because答案A Hewaslateforthereason.forthereason用关系副词why来代替,后面用that引导表语从句,不能用because.25.Thereason______hetoldussoundsreasonable.A.that B.which C.why D.forwhich答案A句子结构为hetoldusthereason,关系代词that作told的直接宾语。
26.Thenews______hehaswonthemedalistrueA.that B.which C.\ D.what答案Athat连接同位语从句,而不是定语从句。
27.Thenews______hetoldusisnottrue.Whichisnotright?
A.that B.which C.\ D.what答案为D,这是定语从句,关系代词which或that作told的宾语也可省28.Thehouse_____havebeenbroken_____toberepaired.A.whichwindows,needs B.whosewindow,needsC.thewindowofit,need D.thewindowsofwhich,needs答案D可用D或windows,但不可用whichwindows.29.Thechildren____parentsdiedhasjustbeensenttoanorphan’shouse.A.his B.that C.whose D.which答案C 不能用his,因为必须要关系代词引导定语从句。
30.Heistheonlyoneofthestudents______latethismorning.A.whois B.whowas C.whoare D.whowere答案为B因为先行词为theonlyone,故用单数。
31.Heisoneoftheteachers___________praisedbythegovernmentatthemeeting.A.whomwere B.whowas C.whomwas D.whowere答案为D,关系代词who的先行词为theteachers为复数32.I,______yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A.whois B.whoam C.thatis D.whatis答案为B,因为关系代词who的先行词为I33.Isthisbook______youreferredtoatthemeeting?
A.that B.which C.theone D.what答案为C,本句无先行词,必须补上先行词theone,关系代词that作referredto的宾补,故可省34.Isthisfactory______hismotherworked?
Tenyearsago.Whichcan’tbeused?
A.theone B.where C.theonewhere D.theoneinwhich答案为A,用B,该句为表语从句,用C、D该句为定语从句35.Plantsgrowwell______thereisenoughsunlightandwater.A.where B.inwhich C.intheplace D.with答案为A,用where引导地点状语从句。
36.Idon’tliketheway______youspeaktoyourmother.A./ B.inthat C.which D.ofwhich答案为A,当定语从句的先行词是theway(方式)时,引导定语从句的关系词用inwhich/that,也可以省略。
37.Isthisthehouse______onceLuXunlivedinhischildhood?
A.theone B.where C.which D.that答案为B,先行词为thehouse38.Has______mustbedonebeendone?
A.all B.allthat C.that D.it答案为B,也可用what连接主语从句,allthat为定语从句39.Thoseforeignteachers,mostof______haveneverbeentochinabefore,areenjoyingtheirworkhaveverymuch.A.who B.whom C.them D.that答案为B,mostofwhom为主语,但whom作介词of的宾语。
40.______youmetMr.Greenforthefirsttime?
A.whereitwasthat B.wasitwherethat C.wherewasitthat D.wherewasitwhere答案为C,应为强调句,对Itwasinthestreetthatyoumet….进行提问即可得到。
第八章 独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。
但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语,从而在结构上与主语不发生关系,咱们称之为独立主格结构(AbsoluteConstruction)。
其实,所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立,它仍是一种从属的结构。
一、 非谓语动词独立主格结构
在独立主格结构中,非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
Suchanablemantohelpyou,youwillsurelysucceedsoonerorlater. 有这么能干的人来帮你,你迟早一定会成功的。
(suchanableman和tohelpyou之间存在着主谓关系) =Sincesuchanablemanwillhelpyou,youwillsurelysucceedsoonerorlater. Heseatinghimselfatthedesk,hismotherbegantotellhimastory. 他在书桌旁坐好后,他母亲开始给他讲故事。
(seatinghimselfatthedesk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he,注意是“主格”) =Whenheseatedhimselfatthedesk,hismotherbegantotellhimastory. Thekeytothebikelost,hehadtowalktoschool. 由于丢了自行车钥匙,他只好步行去学校。
(lost的逻辑主语是thekey,lost也可以用完成式havingbeenlost) =Becausethekeytothebikehadbeenlost,hehadtowalktoschool.
A. 不定式“独立主格结构”
在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。
1.动词不定式用主动的形式 在独立主格结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
Hismothertocometonight,heisbusypreparingthedinner. 他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜。
(=Ashismotheristocometonight,heisbusypreparingthedinner.) ——willyougotothecomcerttonight 你今晚去听音乐会吗?
——manyexerise-bookstocheck,Iriallycan'taffordanytime. 对不起,有这多的作业要批,我真的抽不出时间。
(=BecauseIshallchecksomanyexercise-bookstonight,Ireallycan'taffordanytime.) Thefourofusagreedonadivisionoflabour,eachtotranslateaquarterofthebook. 我们四人同意分工干,每人翻译全书的四分之一。
(=Thefourofusagreedonadivisionoflabourandeachistotranslateaquarterofthebook.) Manytrees,flowers,andgrasstobeplanted,ournewly-builtschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful. 种上许多的树,花和草后,我们新建的学校将看上去更美。
(=Ifmanytrees,flowers,andgrassareplanted,ournewly-builtschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.)
B.-ing形式“独立主格结构”
动词的-ing形式作状语时,其逻辑主语一样应与句子的主语维持一致。
Beingill,hewenthome. 由于生病,他回家了。
(=Ashewasveryill,hewenthome.) Seatinghimselfatthedesk,hebegantoreadamagazine. 在课桌旁坐好后,他开始看杂志。
(=Whenhehadseatedhimselfatthedesk,hebegantoreadamagazine.) 1.表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构” Everyonebeingready,theteacherbeganhisclass. 每个人都准备好后,老师开始上课。
(相当于一个时间状语从句Wheneveryonewas ready) Thechairmanbeganthemeeting,everyonebeingseated. 每个人坐好后,主席开始开会。
(相当于一个时间状语从句aftereveryonewasseated) 2.表示原因的-ing形式作“独立主格结构” Theboyleadingtheway,wehadnotroublefindingthestrangecave.由那个男孩带路,我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞。
(相当于一个原因状语从句Becausetheboyledtheway) Manyeyeswatchinghim,hefeltabitnervous.许多眼睛看着他,他感到有点儿紧张。
(相当于一个原因状语从句Asmanyeyeswerewatchinghim) 必背:
含有being的独立主格结构。
ItbeingNationalDaytoday,thestreetsareverycrowded.今天是国庆节,街上很拥挤。
=AsitisNationalDaytoday,thestreetsareverycrowded. Therebeingnofurtherbusinesstodiscuss,weallwenthome.没有别的事可讨论,我们都回家了。
=Astherewasnofurtherbusinesstodiscuss,weallwenthome. 3.表示条件的-ing形式作“独立主格结构” Timepermitting,wewillhaveapicnicnextweek. 时间允许的话,我们下星期将进行一次野炊。
(相当于一个条件状语从句Iftime permits) Myhealthallowing,Iwillworkfarintothenight. 我的健康许可的话,我愿工作到深夜。
(相当于一个条件状语从句Ifmyhealthallows) 4.表示方式的-ing形式作“独立主格结构” Thestudentsarewalkingintheschoolhappily,eachwearingacardinfrontofhischest. 学生们快乐地在学校里走着,每个人胸前都带着一张卡。
(相当于一个并列分句andeachwearsacardinfrontofhischest) Theboylayonthegrass,hiseyeslookinga
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