无线传感器网络模型设计 英文文献翻译.docx
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无线传感器网络模型设计 英文文献翻译.docx
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无线传感器网络模型设计英文文献翻译
ModelDesignofWirelessSensorNetworkbasedonScale-FreeNetworkTheory
ABSTRACT
Thekeyissueofresearchesonwirelesssensornetworksistobalancetheenergycostsacrossthewholenetworkandtoenhancetherobustnessinordertoextendthesurvivaltimeofthewholesensornetwork.Asaspecialcomplexnetworklimitedespeciallybytheenvironment,sensornetworkismuchdifferentfromthetraditionalcomplexnetworks,suchasInternetnetwork,ecologicalnetwork,socialnetworkandetc.Itisnecessarytointroduceawayofhowtostudywirelesssensornetworkbycomplexnetworktheoryandanalysismethods,thekeyofwhichliesinasuccessfulmodelingwhichisabletomakecomplexnetworktheoryandanalysismethodsmoresuitablefortheapplicationofwirelesssensornetworkinordertoachievetheoptimizationofsomecertainnetworkcharacteristicsofwirelesssensornetwork.Basedongenerationrulesoftraditionalscale-freenetworks,thispaperaddedseveralrestrictionstotheimprovedmodel.Thesimulationresultshowsthatimprovementsmadeinthispaperhavemadetheentirenetworkhaveabetterrobustnesstotherandomfailureandtheenergycostsaremorebalancedandreasonable.Thisimprovedmodelwhichisbasedonthecomplexnetworktheoryprovesmoreapplicabletotheresearchofwirelesssensornetwork.
Key-words:
Wirelesssensornetwork;Complexnetwork;Scale-freenetwork
I.INTRODUCTION
Inrecentyears,wirelesssensornetworkshaveattractedmoreandmorerelatedresearchersforitsadvantages.Sensornodesareusuallylow-powerandnon-rechargeable.Theintegrityoftheoriginalnetworkswillbedestroyedandothernodeswillhavemorebusinessburdenfordatatransmissioniftheenergyofsomecertainnodesdeplete.Thekeyissueofsensornetworkresearchistobalancetheenergyconsumptionofallsensornodesandtominimizetheimpactofrandomfailureofsensornodesorrandomattackstosensornodesontheentirenetwork[1].
ComplexnetworktheoryhasbeenforsometimesincefirstproposedbyBarabasiandAlbertin1998,butcomplexnetworktheoryandanalysismethodappliedtowirelesssensornetworksresearchisseriouslyrareanddevelopsinslowprogress.Asaspecialcomplexnetworklimitedespeciallybytheenvironment,sensornetworkismuchdifferentfromthetraditionalcomplexnetwork,andtheexistingcomplexnetworktheoryandanalysismethodscannotbedirectlyappliedtoanalyzesensornetworks.Basedonscale-freenetworktheory(BAmodel)[2],
(1)thispaperaddedarandomdamagemechanismtoeachsensornodewhendeployedinthegenerationrule;
(2)consideringtherealstatementofwirelesssensornetworks,aminimumandmaxinumrestrictiononsensorcommunicationradiuswasaddedtoeachsensornode;(3)inordertomaintainabalancedenergycomsuptionoftheentirenetwork,thispaperaddedalimiteddegreeofsaturationvaluetoeachsensornode.Thisimprovedscale-freemodelnotonlyhasthementionedimprovementsabove,butalsohaslotsofadvantagesoftraditionalscale-freenetworks,suchasthegoodabilitytoresistrandomattacks,sothattheexistingtheoryandanalysismethodsofcomplexnetworkwillbemoresuitablefortheresearchesofwirelesssensornetwork.
II.PROGRESSOFRELATEDRESEARCH
HailinZhuandHongLuohaveproposedtwocomplexnetworks-basedmodelsforwirelesssensornetworks[3],thefirstofwhichnamedEnergy-awareevolutionmodel(EAEM)canorganizethenetworksinanenergy-efficientway,andcanproducescale-freenetworkswhichcanimprovethenetworksrelianceagainstrandomfailureofthesensornodes.InthesecondmodelnamedEnergy-balancedevolutionmodel(EBEM),themaximumnumberoflinksforeachnodeisintroducedintothealgorithm,whichcanmakeenergyconsumptionmorebalancedthanthepreviousmodel(EAEM).
CHENLijunandMAOYingchihaveproposedatopologycontrolofwirelesssensornetworksunderanaveragedegreeconstraint[4].Inthepreconditionofthetopologyconnectivityofwirelesssensornetworks,howtosolvethesparsenessofthenetworktopologyisaveryimportantprobleminalargenumberofsensornodesdeployedrandomly.Theyprovedtheirproposedschemecandecreaseworkingnodes,guaranteenetworktopologysparseness,predigestroutingcomplexityandprolongnetworksurvivalperiod.
LEIMingandLIDeshihaveproposedaresearchonself-organizationreliabilityofwirelesssensornetwork[5],whichaimingonthetwosituations:
deficiencyofWSNnodesandunderexternalattack,analyzestheerrortoleranceabilityofdifferenttopologiesofWSN,andeventuallyobtainsoptimizedself—organizedtopologicalmodelsofWSNandproposesarefinedroutingalgorithmbasedonWSN.
III.IMPROVEDSCALE-FREEMODELFORWSN
Becauseofthelimitedenergyandtheevilapplicationenvironment,wirelesssensornetworksmayeasilycollapsewhensomecertainsensornodesareofenergydepletionordestructionbythenature,andevensomesensornodeshavebeendamagedwhendeployed.Thereisalsoarestrictiononmaxinumandmininumcommunicationradiusofsensornodesratherthantheotherknownscale-freenetworkssuchasInternetnetwork,whichhasnorestrictiononcommunicationradius.Tohaveabalancedenergyconsumption,itisnecessarytosetupasaturationvaluelimiteddegreeofeachsensornode[6].
Inresponsetothesepoints,basedonthetraditionalscale-freemodel,thispaperhasmadethefollowingimprovementsintheprocessofmodelestablishment:
(1)Alargenumberofresearcheshaveshownthatmanycomplexnetworksinnaturearenotonlytheresultfrominternalforces,butalsotheresultfromexternalforceswhichshouldnotbeignoredtoformanentirecomplexnetwork.Nodefailuremaynotonlyoccourbynodeenergydepletionorrandomattackstothemwhensensornetworksareintheworkingprogress,butalsooccourbyexternalforces,suchasbythenature,whendeployed.Inthispaper,amechanismofsmallprobabilityofrandomdamagehasbeenaddedtotheformationofsensornetworks.
(2)UnlikeInternetnetworkwheretwonodesareabletoconnectdirectlytoeachotherandtheirconnectionareneverlimitedbytheirreallocation,sensornetwork,twonodesinwhichconnecttoeachotherbythewayofmulti-hop,sothateachnodehasamaximumoflengthrestrictionontheircommunicationradius.Toensurethesparseofthewholenetwork,theremustalsobeaminimumoflengthrestrictionontheircommunicationradius.Inthispaper,alengthrestrictiononcommunicationradiusofsensornodeshasbeenproposedintheimprovedmodel.
(3)Insensornetwork,ifthereexistsasensornodewithaseriouslyhighdegree,whoseenergyconsumptionisveryquickly,itwillbeseriouslybad.Thewholesensornetworkwouldsurelycollapseifenoughenergywerenotsupportedtothecertainnode.Toavoidthissituation,thispaperhassetupasaturationvaluelimiteddegreeofeachsensornode.Byaddingthementionedrestrictionsabovetotheformationofthescale-freemodel,thenewimprovedmodelwillbemoreinlinewiththerealstatementofsensornetwork.Complexnetworktheoryandanalysismethodswillbemoreappropriatewhenusedtoresearchandanalyzethesensornetwork.
IV.DESCRIPTIONOFTHEIMPROVEDALGORITHM
Thespecificalgorithmoftheimprovedmodelformationaredescribedasfollows:
(1)Agivenregion(assumedtobesquare)isdividedintoHS*HSbigsquares(namedasBS);
(2)EachBS(assumedtobesquare)isdividedintoLS*LSsmallsquares(namedasSS),andeachSScanhaveonlyonenodeinitscoverageregion;
(3)m0backbonenodesareinitiallygeneratedasarandomgraph,andthenanewnodewillbeaddedtothenetworktoconnecttheexistingmnodeswithmedgesateachtimeinterval.(m (4)Thenewlygeneratednodev,hasacertainprobabilityofPetobedamageddirectlysothatitwillneverbeconnectedwithanyexistingnodes; (5)Thenewlygeneratednodevconnectswiththeexistingnodei,whichobeyesdependent-preferenceruleandissurelylimitedbythedegreeofthecertainsaturationvalue. (6)Thedistancedivbetweenthenewlygeneratednodevconnectsandtheexistingnodeishallbeshorterthanthemaximumdmaxofthecommunicationradiusofsensornodes. Aboveall,theprobabilitythattheexistingnodeiwillbeconnectedwiththenewlygeneratednodevcanbeshownasfollows: Inordertocomputeitconveniently,hereassumedthatfewnodeshadreachedthedegreeofsaturationvaluekimax.Thatis,NisveryminimalinEqs. (1)sothatitcanbeignoredhere.AndinEqs. (2) WithThevaryingratewithtimeofki,weget: (3) Whent→∞, condition: ki(ti)=m,wegetthesolution: (4) TheprobabilitythatthedegreeofnodeIissmallerthankis: (5) Thetimeintervalwheneachnewlygeneratednodeconnectedintothenetworkisequal,sothatprobabilitydensityoftiisaconstantparameter: 1/β wereplaceitintoEqs.(5),thenweget: (6) Soweget: (7) Whent→∞,weget: (8) Inwhich andthedegreedistributionwegetandthedegreedistributionoftraditionalscale-freenetworkaresimilar.Approximately,ithasnothingtodowiththetimeparametertandthequantityofedgesmgeneratedateachtimeinterval. couldbecalculatedbythemaxinumrestrictiondmaxoncommunicationradiusofeachsensornodeandtheareaoftheentirecoverageregionS,thatis = Thenwereplace = and intoEqs.andeventuallyweget: . V.SIMULATION ThispaperusedJavaGUImodeofBRITEtopologygeneratortogeneratethetopology,andparametersettingswereasfollows: 1)N=5000 Nmeansthequantityofthesensornodes
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