决胜英语六级阅读试题含答案.docx
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决胜英语六级阅读试题含答案.docx
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决胜英语六级阅读试题含答案
决胜英语六级阅读试题含答案4
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Runningafeverwasoncethoughttobetheprerogativeofwarmbloodedcreatures,whoseinternaltemperaturesareindpendentoftheweather.But,asMatthewKlugerreportedin“TheImportanceofBeingFeverish”(January1976),lizardscanalsodevelopfevers,eventhoughthereisnoquestionthattheyarecoldblooded.Theyraisetheirtemperaturesbymovingintothesunor,inthecaseofKluger’sexperiments,underasunlamp.Anditseemstodothemsomegood.Sicklizardskeptincagesatfeverishtemperaturesfaremuchbetterthantheircounterpartsinnormalandcoolenvironments.
Now,feverhasspreadtoinvertebrates(无脊椎动物).Recentstudieshaveshownthatcrayfishandscorpionscandevelopfevers.Crayfishinjectedwithbacteriaandscorpionsinjectedwithprostaglandins(前列腺素)swamandscuttledtohotareas.(Prostaglandinsarehormonesthoughttobeinstrumentalinthedevelopmentofafever.)
Evidenceisalsomountingthatmoderatefevershavetheirbenefits,whichmightexplainwhythefeverprocessissowidespread.Leukocytes,whitebloodcellsthatareactiveinfightingbacterialinfections,aremoremobileatfebriletemperatures.Andfeversreducetheamountofironavailabletobacteria.Thatreduction,combinedwithhightemperatures,hasbeenshowntoinhibitbacterialgrowth.
1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?
A.Coldbloodedanimalscandevelopfevers.
B.Therearebenefitstodevelopingfevers.
C.Feversinhibitbacterialgrowth.
D.Lizardscandevelopfevers.
2.Feverscause____.
A.prostaglandinstobeformed
B.irontobemadeavailabletobacteria
C.leukocytestobemoremobile
D.lizardstobecoldbloodedanimals
3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
A.Developingfeveristheprivilegeofwarmbloodedanimals,sosicklizardscannotrunafever.
B.Invertebratesalsohavetheabilitytoraisetheirtemperature.
C.Theinternaltemperaturesofwarmbloodedcreaturesareindependentoftheweather,soarethecoldbloodedanimal.
D.Sicklizardsmoveintothesuntodevelopfever.
4.Thepassageimpliesthat____.
A.thefeverprocessiswidespreadbecausemoderatefevershavebenefits
B.thereductionoffeverscaninhibitbacterialgrowth
C.mancanusesunlamptoraiselizards’temperature
D.Crayfishinjectedwithbacteriahaveapurposeformovingtohotareas
5.Scorpionsinjectedwithprostaglandinsmovetohotareasto____.
A.engageingreateractivity
B.seekoutamoreironenvironment
C.demonstratethattheyareill
D.developafeverandfightbacterialinfections
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IntheCaucasusregionoftheSovietUnion,nearly50outofevery100,000peoplelivetocelebratetheir100thbirthday,andmanydon’tstopat100.Bycomparison,inAmericaonly3peoplein100,000reach100.ButtheseSovietoldpeoplearen’talone.ThePakistaniHunzas,wholivehighintheHimalayaMountains,andtheVilcabambansoftheAndesMountainsinEcuadorseemtosharethesecretoflonglifetoo.
Thesepeoplesremainhealthyinbodyandspiritdespitethepassageoftime.Whilemanyolderpersonsinindustrialsocietiesbecomeweakandillintheir60sand70s,someSovietGeorgians,aged110to140,workinthefieldsbesidetheirgreatgreatgrandchildren.Eventheideaofagingisforeigntothem.Whenasked,“Atwhatagedoesyouthend?
”mostoftheseoldpeoplehadnoanswer.Severalreplied,“Well,perhapsatage80.”Theveryyoungestestimatewasage60.
Whataccountsforthisabilitytosurvivetosucholdage,andtosurvivesowell?
Firstofall,hardphysicalworkisawayoflifeforalloftheselonglivedpeoples.Theybegintheirlongdaysofphysicallaboraschildrenandneverseemtostop.Forexample,Mr.RustamMamedovis142yearsofage.Heremembershislifeexperiences:
theCrimeanWarof1854;theTurkishWarof1878;theBolshevikRevolutionin1917.Hiswifeis116yearsold.Theyhavebeenmarriedfor90years.Mr.Mamedovhasnointentionsofretiringfromhislifeasafarmer.“Why?
WhatelsewouldIdo?
”heasks.Oh,he’ssloweddownabit.Nowhemightquitforthedayafter6hoursinthefieldinsteadof10.
Allthesepeoplegethealthfulrewardsfromtheenvironmentinwhichtheywork.Theyallcomefrommountainousregions.Theyliveandworkatelevationsof5,000to12,000feet(1,660to4,000meters)abovesealevel.Theairhaslessoxygenandispollutionfree.Thisreducedoxygenenvironmentmakestheheartandbloodvesselsystemstronger.
Anotherfactorthatmaycontributetothegoodhealthofthesepeopleistheirisolation.Toagreatextent,theyareseparatedfromthepressuresandworriesofindustrialsociety.
Inheritedfactorsalsoplaysomerole.Mostofthelongestlivedpeopleshadparentsandgrandparentswhoalsoreachedveryoldages.Goodfamilygenesmay,therefore,beonefactorinlivinglonger.
Finally,althoughthesethreegroupsdon’teatexactlythesamefoods,theirdietsaresimilar.TheHunzas,Vilcabambans,andSovietseatlittleanimalmeat.Theirdietsarefulloffreshfruits,vegetables,nuts,grains,cheese,andmilk.Theynevereatmorefoodthantheirbodiesneed.
Itisclearthatisolationfromurbanpressuresandpollution,cleanmountainair,dailyhardwork,moderatediets,goodgenes,andayouthfulapproachtolifeallcontributetothehealthandremarkablelonglifeofallthesepeople.
6.Whatisthemainsubjectofthispassage?
A.Mr.Mamedov’slife.
B.Adescriptionofseveralsocietieswherepeoplelivealongtime.
C.Suggestionsforhowyoucanlivealonglife.
D.Hardphysicalworkisagoodwaytolivealongtime.
7.ThedescriptionofMr.RustamMamedovis____.
A.anexampleofatypicallonglifeamongthesepeople
B.anexampleofanunusuallonglifeamongthesepeople
C.anexplanationofwhyheisstillhealthy
D.anexplanationofwhatwayoflifeweshouldtake
8.Thesubjectofparagraph7is____.
A.isolationB.inheritedfactors
C.foodanddietD.animalmeat
9.Thisarticleconcludesthat____contributetotheremarkablelonglifeofthesepeoples.
A.moderatedietsB.cleanmountainair
C.dailyhardworkD.alltheabovefactors
10.Howdoyouthinktheauthorfeelsabouttheselonglivedpeople?
A.Heisimpressedwiththem.
B.Hedoesn’tcare.
C.Hedoesn’tlikethem.
D.Hecareslittleaboutthem.
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AuniversitystudentinNairobi,Kenya,wasstoppedforatrafficviolationtheotherday.Thepolicemantookouthisticketbookandasked,“Whattribeareyou?
”InLusaka,Zambia,ayoungmanapplyingforajobwastoldtoseethemanager.Heleanedoverthereceptionist’sdeskandasked,“Whattribeishe?
”WhenthereceptionisttoldhimthatthemanagerwasaMashona,theapplicantreplied,“ThenI’llnevergetthejob.”
Thisphenomenoniscalledtribalism.Therearemorethan2,000tribesinblackAfrica.Eachhasitsownlanguage,customs,names,andphysicalcharacteristicsthatmakeitsmembersalmostimmediatelyrecognizabletoapersonfromanothertribe.TotheWesterner,tribalismisoneofthemostdifficultofAfricancustomstounderstand.Itmakesmanypeoplethinkofsavagery,warfare,oroldfashionedcustoms.
However,tomostAfricans,tribalismsimplymeansverystrongloyaltytoone’sethnicgroup.Itisaforcethatcanbebothgoodandbad.Bydefinitiontribalismmeanssharingamongmembersoftheextendedfamily.Itmakessurethatapersonistakencareofbyhisowngroup.Togiveajobtoafellowtribesmanisnotwrong;itisanobligation.Similarly,forapoliticianormilitaryleader,itisconsideredgoodcommonsensetochoosehisclosestadvisersfrompeopleofhisowntribe.Thisensuressecurity,continuity,authority.Triballoyaltymaymeanaquickpromotion—fromsergeanttocaptain,fromclerktomanager—withinaveryshorttime.
ModernAfricanpoliticianspubliclyspeakoutagainsttribaldivisions.YetitremainsperhapsthemostpowerfulforceindaytodayAfricanlife.Asevidenceoftribalism,in1977inKenya,PresidentJomoKenyatta’sKikuyutribecontrolledbusinessandpolitics.Eightofthe21cabinetposts,includingthemostimportantfour,werefilledbyKikuyus.InUgandainthesameyear,thePresident’ssmallKakwatribefilledalmostallthehighestgovernmentandmilitarypositions.InAngola,Ethiopia,andNigeria,thefightinginthepasttenyearscanbepartlyexplainedbydisagreementsamongtribes.
OnecountrythathaslargelyavoidedtribalproblemsisTanzania.SomeobserverssaythisispartlybecauseTanzaniahassomanytribes(about120)thatnonehasbeenabletobecomeamajorforce.
11.Whydidtheapplicantreply“ThenI’llnevergetthejob?
”
A.BecausehewasaMashona.
B.BecausehewasnotaMashona.
C.Becausehecoulddothejob.
D.Becausehehadnosuchability.
12.Thetwosituationsinparagraph1areexamplesof____.
A.typicalyoungmeninAfrica
B.unusualproblems
C.theimportanceoftribalism
D.theapplicationofjob
13.Accordingtothearticle,whatisthedefinitionoftribalism?
A.Givingajobtoafellowtribesman.
B.Aforcethatcanbebothgoodandbad.
C.Sharingamongmembersoftheextendedfamily.
D.Makingsurethatapersonistakencareofbyhisowngroup.
14.Inparagraph4,howmanyexamplesarethere“asevidenceoftribalism”?
A.Three.B.Two.C.One.D.Four.
15.Inthelastparagraph(about120)isinparenthesestoshow____.
A.thatitisunimportant
B.howmanytribesthereare
C.thatitisalargenumber
D.howmanypeoplethereare
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Whenpeoplecommunicatefacetoface,theyconveyinformationinseveralwaysapartfrombythewordstheyuse.Thus,howoftentheymake
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