英语五大基本句型及练习.docx
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英语五大基本句型及练习.docx
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英语五大基本句型及练习
英语五大基本句型及练习
英语五大基本句型及练习
基本概念:
与汉语相似,英语句子是由主语(subject),谓语动词
(verb),宾语(object),表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语
(objectcomplement)等成分组成,按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。
句型一:
主语+不及物动词
不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念,
不需要宾语及补语,
但有时可有副词,介词短语等状语修饰语。
e.g.Therainstopped.
Theoldmanwalksinthepark.
句型一的扩展:
1.主语+不及物动词+状语
e.g.Themachineworkssmoothly.(机器运转正常。
)
2.There+不及物动词+主语
e.g.Thereissomemilkinthebottle.
Therecomesthebus.
3.主语+不及物动词+动词不定式
e.g.Theystoppedtotakeashortrest.(他们停下来稍作休息)
特别提醒
动词stop可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。
作不及物动词时,通常后接动词不定式,表示停下来的目的是做另一件事。
作及物动词时,通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事。
e.g.Theystoppedtakingarest.
句型:
主语+系动词+表语系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没,需要形容词,名词,介词短语等来补充说明主语,也叫主语补语。
e.g.Mysisterisanurse.
Ifeelquitehungry.
Theballisunderthedesk.
句型三:
主语+及物动词+宾语及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者(宾语),才可以表达一个完整的意念。
e.g.WearelearningEnglish.
Doyouknowhim?
Yourradioneedsrepairing.Shehopestoseeheruncle.句型四:
主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。
e.g.Hermotherboughtheraskirt.
Givemethebook,please.
特别提醒
A.在此句型中,通常是间接宾语(人)在前,直接宾语(物)在后,有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调,这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词。
e.g.Hermotherboughtaskirtforher.
Givethebooktome,please.直接宾语与间接宾语对调时,间接宾语前加介词to的动词有:
give(给),tell(告诉),lend(借给),sell(卖),teach(教),send(寄给),
write(写给),show(出示),return(还给),bring(带给),pass(递给),
leave(留给),offer(提供),hand(交给)
间接宾语前加介词for的动词有:
buy(买),choose(选择),get(弄到),make(做),order(订购),sing(唱歌),do(做),play(演奏)
B.如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接宾语前,且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。
e.g.Ihandedittoourteacher.
不能说:
Ihandedourteacherit.
C.此句型变为被动语态时,可分为两种情况。
e.g.Hermotherboughtheraskirt.
a.Shewasboughtaskirtbyhermother.
b.Askirtwasboughtforherbyhermother.
句型五:
主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语及物动词本身需要一个宾语外,
还需要一个名词,形容词,副词,动词不定式,分词来补充说明宾语,才能表达一个完整的意念。
e.g.WeelectedLiYangourmonitor.
Thenewsmadeussad.
Shesawthethiefstealintotheshop.
Theteacheraskedmetoanswerthequestion.
Ifoundthemanstealingthemoney.
Ifoundmymoneystolen.
特别提醒
A.现在分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系;过去分词
为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。
B.在let(让),make使得),have(请,让,使得)
watch(观看),feel(感觉到)‘listento(
意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式,
see(看),hear(听到),
倾听),lookat(看到),notice(注
则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时,则要带”to”.
e.g.Wehearhersingnextdoor.Sheisheardtosingnextdoor.
smoney.
smoney.
c.waitingd.
C.此句型变为被动语态时,只有一种情况e.g.Theysawhimstealtheoldman
Hewasseentostealtheoldman英语五大基本句型练习1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyou
b.towait
overbyacarontheroad.
b.ran
a.waitwaited
2.Shefoundherdog___
d.to
d.doing
c.touchd.totouch
a.run
rund.running
a.dob.donec.did
4.Shefeltsomebody_
__her.
a.touched
b.touches
5.Shetaughthim
_speakEnglish
3.Roseisgoingtohaveherhair
a.wasboringb.bored
c.wasboredd.boring
7.Iwillmakeyourdream
a.comestrue
cometrue
b.tocometrue
c.comingtruly
d.
8.Hewarnedhome.
a.ustonotgob.usnottogousnotgo
9.Cannedfooddoesnotgo.
a.bedeasilyb.badlyeasyeasily
10.Thesadnewskepther___allthenight.
a.awakeb.wakenc.wake
c.wenotgod.
c.badeasyd.badly
d.towake
11.Ithinkabadhabittogetuplate.
a.thatb.itc.thisd.its
12.Hefoundhismoney.
a.stealb.stealingc.stolend.tosteal
13.Rosesinbloomsmell.
a.sweetlyb.sweetc.sweeten
sweetness
14.Wemusthavethemachine.
a.torepairb.repairingc.repair
15.Shewaslyinginthesofaabook.
a.readingb.readc.toread
16.Atelevisionsetwillkeepusofthenewsoftheday.
d.
d.repaired
d.toreading
a.inform
b.toinform
c.
informedd.informing
17.Thespeakerfoundhimselfallalone.
a.leftb.leavec.leaving
18.Thespeakerfoundhimself.
a.misunderstandb.misunderstandingc.misunderstoodd.tomisunderstand19.-Mywatchisbroken.
-Whydon'tyou.
a.takearepaireryourwatch
arepairer
c.taketoarepairerit
arepairer
20.Iheardyouwenttothemuseumyesterdayandcouldnhotel.
a.howtoreturnto
couldgofor
c.thewaybackfor
to
21.Yesterdaywasmybirthday.Mymother.
a.madeacaketomeb.madeacakeme
caked.mademeacake
22.TheteacherJohnagoodstudent.
d.toleave
b.takeyourwatch
d.takeitto
tfindthe
b.howyou
d.thewayback
c.madeformea
a.willwe
b.don'twe
丄
c.won'twe
d.shallwe
24.Don'tsmokeintheclassroom,___?
a.willyou
b.doyou
c.
don
'tyou
d.won'tyou
25.Heseldomhaslunchathome,
he?
a.has
b.hasn't
c.
does
d.doesn't
26.Wehadtogetupearly,___we?
a.didn't
b.don't
c.had
d.did
27.YouhadTomdothejob,
you?
a.did
b.didn't
c.
had
d.hadn't
28.Letushaveanotherlook,
you?
a.will
b.would
c.
won't
d.wouldn'
29.Nobodycame,___?
a.didn'the
b.
didn'
tthey
c.didhe
d.
didthey
30.Weoughttohanditintoday,
we?
a.oughtn't
b.don't
c.shouldn
d.
won't
31.We'dbetterwaitfortenmoreminutes,___?
a.hadn'twe
b.don
twe
c.
didn'twe
d.wouldn
丄
'twe
32.I'dlikeasandwich,
33.Thisisthethird
timethisweekJohnhashadtostudylate,
a.hasn'the
b.isn'the
c.hasn'tit
d.isn'tit
34.YouandIdidittogether,___?
you
a.didn'tI
b.didn'tyou
d.didn'twe
c.did
35.Theyshouldhavecompleteditearlier,
they
a.shouldthey
d.haven'tthey
b.shouldn'tthey
c.have
36.Youmaytakeitifyouwantto,___?
a.mayn'tyou
b.don'tyou
c.
shouldn'tyou
d.won'tyou
37.YoumusthavetoldMr.Smiththesecret,___?
a.mustn'tyou
b.mustyou
c.
haven'tyou
d.
haveyou
38.Shedislikedtheskirthisfatherboughther,___?
a.didshe
b.didn'tshe
c.was
she
d.wasn'tshe
39.Tomsaidhewasnottherethen,___?
a.didn'the
b.didhe
c.wasn
he
d.washe
40.Isupposeheishonest,___?
a.don
'tI
b.doI
C.isn'
the
d.
ishe
41.Idon'
tthinkheisserious,
ishe
she?
42.She'sfinishedthejob,
d.hasn'
43.-Youaren'tateacher,areyou?
d.
a.Yes,Iamnotb.No,Iamc.No,butIwas
Yes,Iwasn't
44.-isyoursister?
-Sheisateacherinamiddleschool.
d.
a.Whob.Whatc.Which
Where
45.-Howareyourparents?
a.Theyaredoctorsb.Theylikesweetfood
c.Theyarefined.Theyarefifty
46.-___willyougetmarriedtohim.-Inamonth.
d.How
a.Howsoonb.Howlongc.Howoften
much
47.Theretwofilmsthisweekinourschool.
a.isb.havec.havebeend.has
48.TherealotofnewsaboutthefireonTVlastnight.
a.wasb.hadc.wered.is
49.Thereusedtobeatemplethere,?
c.
a.usedn'titb.usedthere
didn'titd.didn'tthere
50.There___astreaminfrontofourhouse.
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