LXPS 倒装.docx
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LXPS 倒装.docx
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LXPS倒装
倒装
在英语中,主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前,谓语在后,但有时谓语的全部或一部分却提到主语的前面,这种语序叫做倒装。
倒装的原因一是语法结构的需要,二是为了强调。
将谓语动词完全移到主语前面称为完全倒装,只将系动词be或助动词或情态动词放到主语前面称为部分倒装。
部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放在主语之前。
如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do/does/did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原型放在主语之后。
一、部分倒装
1.用在一般疑问句或大部分特殊疑问句中(在以who,what,which作主语的特殊疑问句中,使用的是陈述语序。
)
HaveyouseenMr.Smithenterthehall?
你刚才看见史密斯先生进入大厅了么?
Whodidyouhavetypetheletterforyou?
你让谁帮你打了那封信?
HowdoyouthinkwecanimproveyourEnglish?
为什么你认为我们可以提高你的英语?
Cf:
Whomadethewrongturnintherace?
Whathasbeensaidaboutthematter?
Whichofyouwon’tgotothepartytonight?
2.only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首,以示强调。
Onlybychangingthewaywelivecanwesavetheearth.
=Wecansavetheearthonlybychangingthewaywelive.
OnlyinthiswaycanyoulearnEnglishwell.
=YoucanlearnEnglishwellonlybyinthisway.
OnlythendidIrealizethatIwasmistaken.
=IrealizethatIwasmistakenonlythen.
OnlyaftertheSecondWorldWarwasoverwasEonsabletoreturntohismotherland.
=EonswasabletoreturntohismotherlandonlyaftertheSecondWorldWarwasover.
3.含有否定意义的副词或连词,如:
hardly,scarcely,rarely,barely,never,seldom,not,little,notonly…(butalso…)前倒后不倒,notuntil,nor,neither等放在主句之前。
NeverhaveIseensuchamovingfilm.
Littledidhesayatthemeeting
Nosooner…than…,hardly/scarcely/rarely/barely…when/before(一…就…)
HardlyhadIleftthehousewhentheearthquakehappened.
Cf:
Ihadhardlyleftthehousewhentheearthquakehappened.
Nosoonerhadthetrainleftthanwearrivedatthestation.
4.把副词so放在句首,表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人或物。
其句型是so+be(助动词或情态动词)+主语。
IhavebeentotheGreatWallbefore,sohavemostofmyclassmates.
--MarylearnsEnglishverywell
--Soshedoes,andsodoyou.
5.把neither,nor放在句首,表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一人或物,其句型是neither(nor)+be(助动词或情态动词)+主语。
Ifyoudon’tgotheretomorrow,nor/neitherwillI.
Ididn’tattendthepartylastnight,nordidmyelderbrother.
Cf:
IamaworkerandworkinChangsha,andsoitiswithmyelderbrother.
Ilikefish,butIdon’tlikepork,anditisthesamewithfather.
(Soitiswithsb.=Itisthesamewithsb.)
6.用于省略了if的虚拟条件状语从句中,虚拟结构的条件从句省去if时,这时可将were,had,should移到句首。
WereIyou,Iwouldgowithhim.=IfIwereyou…
Hadyoutoldmeearlier,Iwouldnothavemadethemistake.=Ifyouhadtoldme…
Shoulditrainthisafternoon,IwouldstayathomewatchingtheseriesonTV,whichIhavebeenwatchingfortwoweeks.=Ifitshouldrainthisafternoon…
7.表示否定意义的一些介词短语或其他短语。
(如:
innoway,bynomeans,atnotime,innocase绝不)置于句首时,用部分倒装。
InnocasewillIagreetowhatyousay.
Bynomeanswillyougetourhelp,ifyoudon’tlistentoMr.Smith.
=Youwillbynomeansgetourhelp…
8.用于so…that…,such…that…结构中(that引导结果状语从句),可将so+adj./adv.,such+(a/an)+adj.+n.置于句首,主句用部分倒装,从句不动。
Socleveraboyishethatwealllovehimverymuch.
=Heissocleveraboy…
SuchgreatprogresshashemadethathehasbeenpraisedbytheEnglishteacher.
=Hehasmadesuchgreatprogress…
9.用于某些表示祝愿的句子中。
Mayyouallbehappy.(May+主语+动词原形)
10.用于以often,well,manyatime(很多次),nowandagain(时而不时)等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中。
Manyatimehasjohngivenmegoodadvice.
Oftenhavewemadethattest.
二、全部倒装
1.用在therebe结构中。
另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:
exist,seem,happen,appear,live,rise,stand,run,go,come,flow,lie等。
Therestoodadogbeforehim.
Thereexistdifferentopinionsonthisquestion.
2.用于以副词here,there,now,then等开头的主语是名词的某些句子中(一般用一般现在时或then用一般过去时),用来表示一种生动的描述。
Hereisabookforyou.
Herecomesthebus.(一般现在时表进行)=Thebusiscominghere.
Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringingnow.
Nowcomesyourturn.=Youturniscomingnow.
但是,如果主语是代词,不用倒装。
Therehecomes.
Hereyouare.
Thereitis.
3.有时为了使表达生动,可把out,in,up,down,away等表示方位的副词状语放在句首,同时把谓语动词(常为不及物实义动词)放在作主语的名词之前。
Awayhurriedthehunters.=Thehuntershurriedaway.
Outrushedatigerfromamongthebushes.
=Atigerrushedoutfromamongthebushes.
但是,如果主语是代词,不用倒装。
Awayhehurried.
Awayshewent.
Outitrushedfromamongthebushes.
4.某些表示祝愿的句子中。
Longlivethepeople.(人民万岁)
5.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时,引述部分有时用全部倒装,也可不用。
(主语是代词,不用倒装。
)
“Itlooksasifatyphooniscomingon”,saidtheCaptain.
“Astormisastorm,Mr.Jukes,”answeredtheCaptain.
5.有时为了保持句子平衡,或为了强调表语或状语(尤其是表示地点的介词短语),或使上下文紧密衔接,而将某些成分提至句首(谓语动词常是be动词或不及物实义动词)。
(表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+系动词+主语”。
)
具体又可以分为几种:
1形容词/副词+系动词+主语;
2现在/过去分词+be动词+主语;
3介词短语+系动词/不及物动词+主语;
4代词such+be+主语
Oneithersidewererowsoffruittrees.
Nearbyarehousesbuiltbythepeasants(农民)themselves.
Nearbyweretwocanoesinwhichtheycametotheisland.
Belowarethedirections.
Seatedonthegroundisayoungmanplayingtheguitar.
GonearethedayswhentheycoulddowhattheylikedtotheChinesepeople.
(gonearethedays…的日子过去)
Lyingonthefloorwerefiveboys.
Walkingattheheadofthelinewasourteacher.
Suchwasthestoryhetoldme.
Suchwerehiswordsatthemeeting,whichwasheldlastmonthishonorofourbelovedMr.DengXiaoping,whodiedin1997.(主谓一致)
Theyarrivedatahouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.
Inabigbedofabigroomliesisbigman.
PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorWhite,ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguests.
(presentatthemeetingwere/are…出席会议的有…)
AmongthegoodsareChristmastrees,flowers,candles,andtoys.
(Tothe)Southofthecityliesabigsteelfactory.
三、其他用法
1.用于某些让步状语从句中(动词原形或表语或状语置于句首)。
Comewhatmay(Nomatterwhatmaycome),Iwillsupportyou.
Saywhatyouwill(Nomatterwhatyouwillsay),Iwon’tchangemind.
Howevergreatthedifficultymaybe,wewon’tloseheart.
2.当用as,that,though引导让步状语从句时,将作表语的形容词或名词或作状语的副词或动词原形置于句首。
Youngashewas,hewasaskilledworker.
Childasheis,heknowsalotaboutcomputer.
=Thoughheisachild…
Tryashewould,hemightfailagain.
=Though/Althoughhewouldtry…
Verymuchashelikesit,hewon’tbuyit.
(as/that引导让步状语从句必须倒装,though可倒可不倒,although不能倒装。
)
3.what或how引导感叹句时,用倒装。
Whatacleverboytomis.
Howclever(aboy)tomis.
Whatgoodweather!
Cf.Howfastheruns.
Whatgreatachievementstheyhavemade!
倒装练习:
GroupA
1.Ihavebeenworkingfortwohours,________.
A.neitherhasheB.sohashe
C.sohehasD.neitherhehas
2.Onlyinasocialistcountry_____thepeople’sinterests.
A.sciencecanserveB.doessciencecanserve
C.canscienceserveD.canservesciencefor
3.Hardly____intotheoffice____thetelephonerang.
A.didIcome,whenB.Ihadcome,when
C.hadIcome,thanD.hadIcome,when
4.Nearby____inwhichtheyhadspenttheirsummervocation.
A.wastwohousesB.twohouseswere
C.weretwohousesD.aretwohouses
5.____,theywentonworkinginthefields.
A.AsitwaslateB.Lateasitwas
C.AslateitisD.Aslatewasit
6.Never____.
A.shallIforgetsoexcitingamoment
B.shallIforgetsuchexcitingamoment
C.Ishallforgetsuchanexcitingmoment
D.Ishallforgetsoexcitingamoment
7.Notonly____,butalsoagreatscientist.
A.hewasagreatwriterB.agreatwriterhewas
C.washeagreatwriterD.agreatwriterwashe
8.Nosooner____tothestation____thetrainleft.
A.hadIgot,whenB.Ihadgot,when
C.hadIgot,thanD.didIget,when
9.____andthelecturebegan.
A.DidMr.SmithcameinB.IncameMr.Smith
C.IndidMr.SmithcameD.CameinMr.Smith
10.Look!
____.
A.ThebuscomeshereB.Herecomethebus
C.HerethebuscomesD.Hereitcomes
11.____,wewouldnotleave.
A.ShouldnotitraintomorrowB.Itshouldnotraintomorrow
C.IfitdidnotraintomorrowD.Ifitdoesnotraintomorrow
12.Hecanhardlyoperatethemachine.____.
A.Ican,tooB.NeitherIcan
C.SocanID.Icannotoperatethemachine,either
13.Seldom____chess.
A.theboyplaysB.playstheboy
C.doestheboyplayD.dotheboyplays
14.Nosooner___theschoolitbegantorain.
A.hadhereached,whenB.hehadreached,than
C.hadhereached,thanD.hehadreached,when
15.Notonly____hishomeworkbutalso____thetextbyheart.
A.doeshefinish,learnedB.didhefinish,learned
C.hefinished,didhelearnD.hefinished,learnedhe
16.___earlier,youwouldhavemetthewriter.
A.IfhadyoucomeB.HadyoucomeC.DidyoucomeD.Cameyou
17.___,Iwouldtakeanumbrellawithme.
A.HadIbeenyouB.IwereyouC.WereIyouD.WasIyou
18.Idon’tthinkJackwillcome,____.
A.orMarydoesB.MarydoeseitherC.andMarydoesD.norwillMary
19.---Whereisourmonitor?
---Here____.
A.hecomesB.comesheC.doeshecomeD.is
20.____seenhimbefore.___tellyouhisname?
A.NeverhaveI,HowIcanB.Ihavenever,HowIcan
C.NeverhaveI,HowcanID.NeverIhave,HowIcan
21.____andthelessonbegan.
A.IncameMr.BrownB.Mr.Brownincame
C.IncameheD.CameinMr.Brown
22.____,shewasverybrave.
A.GirlasshewasB.Asshewasagirl
C.AgirlasshewasD.Girlaswasshe
23.---IliketowatchTVplays,butIdon’twatchTVeveryevening.
---_____.
A.SodoIB.SoIdoC.IdosoD.soitiswithme
24.Onlyafterhisdeath____consideredcorrect.
A.washistheoryB.histheorywas
C.didhistheoryD.hadhistheory
25.Heisastudentbuthedoesn’tstudyhard.____.
A.SoisTomB.NeitherdoesTom
C.SoitiswithTomD.SoisthesamewithTom
26.Little____thatshewasseriouslyillherself.
A.SusanknowB.didSusanknowC.knewSusanD.wasSusanknown
27.Hardly___we___theforestwhenthefire___outinit.
A.had,left,brokeB.did,leave,broke
C.had,left,hadbrokenD.did,leave,hadbroken
28.Here____.
A.comethebusB.thebuscomesC.comesthebusD.doesthebuscome
29.Away____.
A.ranthedogB.thedogranC.didthedogrunD.didthedogran
30.____herealizeditwastoolatetoreturnh
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