新高考英语二轮复习 说明文阅读理解 专项练习题Word版含答案.docx
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新高考英语二轮复习 说明文阅读理解 专项练习题Word版含答案.docx
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新高考英语二轮复习说明文阅读理解专项练习题Word版含答案
2022年新高考英语二轮复习:
说明文阅读理解专项练习题一(2020-新课标IC)
Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.
Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport'srulesrequirethataracewalker'skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接ftl!
)withthegroundatalltimes.It'sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.
Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.
However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.
Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner'sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport'sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.
Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating(刺激),demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitive(认矢口)functionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentallychallengingjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants,overallhealthstatus.
"Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,"saysFranciscaThen,wholedthestudy."Afteralongrun,youmayfeellikeyou'reinpain,youmayfeeltired.Butitmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork-sure,youwillfeeltired,butitcanhelpyourbrainstayhealthy."
It'snotjustcorporatejobs,orevenpaidworkthatcanhelpkeepyourbrainfit,Thenpointsout.Awaiter\job,forexample,thatrequiresmultitasking,teamworkanddecision-makingcouldbejustasstimulatingasanyhigh-levelofficework.And"runningafamilyhouseholdrequireshigh-levelplanningandcoordinating(协调),"shesays."Youhavetoorganizetheactivitiesofthechildrenandtakecareofthebillsandgroceries."
Ofcourse,ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons-includingotherenvironmentalinfluencesorgeneticfactors.Still,continuingtochallengeyourselfmentallyandkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp.
28.Whydidthescientistsaskthevolunteerstotakethetests?
A.Toassesstheirhealthstatus.B.Toevaluatetheirworkhabits.
C.Toanalyzetheirpersonality.D.Tomeasuretheirmentalability.
29.HowdoesFranciscaThenexplainherfindingsinparagraph4?
A.Byusinganexpert'swords.B.Bymakingacomparison.
C.Byreferringtoanotherstudy.D.Byintroducingaconcept.
30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.RetiredWorkersCanPickUpNewSkills
B.OldPeopleShouldTakeChallengingJobs
C.YourToughJobMightHelpKeepYouSharp
D.CognitiveFunctionMayDeclineAsYouAge
七(2019-全国卷I,C)
Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物测量)technologies一likefingerprintscans一tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.
ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:
asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)wilhwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.
Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.
Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword"touch''fburtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.
28.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?
A.Toreducepressureonkeys.B.Toimproveaccuracyintyping
C.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.D.Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.
29.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?
A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.
B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.
C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.
D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.
30.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?
alllosoisgitieocooil.
A.It'llbeenvironment-friendly.B.It'llreachconsumerssoon.
C.It'llbemadeofplastics.D.It'llhelpspeeduptyping.
31.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?
A.Adiary.B.Aguidebook.C.Anovel.D.Amagazine.
八(2019-全国卷III,D)
Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.
AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined—radded一thesymbolstogetthereward.
Here'showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,wholedtheteam,describedtheexperiment:
Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen,asymbolwouldappear,andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample,thenumber7wouldflashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldbereweirdedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.
Afterrunninghundredsoftests,theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation,notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination.
Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely,theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate^氐估)asumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue一sometimeschoosing,forexample,a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwassystematic:
Whenaddingtwonumbers,themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo,andthenaddedonlyafraction(4、局部)ofthesmallernumbertoit.
"Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains,"Dr.Livingstonesays."Butinthisexperimentwhatthey'redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittleone.”
32.Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem?
A.Theyfedthem.B.Theynamedthem.
C.Theytrainedthem.D.Theymeasuredthem.
33.Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment?
A.Bydrawingacircle.B.Bytouchingascreen.
C.Bywatchingvideos.D.Bymixingtwodrinks.
34.WhatdidLivingstone'steamfindaboutthemonkeys?
A.Theycouldperformbasicaddition.B.Theycouldunderstandsimplewords.
C.Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily.D.Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong.
35.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?
A.Entertainment.B.Health.C.Education.D.
Science.
28.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?
A.Theymustrunlongdistances.
B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.
C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.
D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.
29.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?
A.It'smorepopularattheOlympics.
B.It'slesschallengingphysically.
C.It'smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.
D.Ifslesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.
30.WhatisDr.Norberg'ssuggestionfbrsomeonetryingracewalking?
A.Gettingexperts*opinions.B.Havingamedicalcheckup.
C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.D.Doingregularexercises.
31.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetoracewalking?
A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.
二(2020-新课标ID)
Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.
TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurtherchangingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater."We'rethinkingabouth
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