专业英语八级真题1998年+附答案详解.docx
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专业英语八级真题1998年+附答案详解.docx
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专业英语八级真题1998年+附答案详解
专业英语八级真题1998年+附答案详解
TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(1998)
—GRADEEIGHT
PAPERONE
PARTⅠLISTENINGCOMPREHENSION(40MIN.)
InSectionsA,BandCyouwillheareverythingonceonly.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.
SECTIONATALK
Questions1to5refertothetalkinthissection.Attheendofthetalkyouwillbegiven15secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentothetalk.
1.Accordingtothetalk,compulsivegamblingandalcoholicaddictionsharesimilaritiesbecause
A.noactualfigureofaddictshasbeenreported.
B.noscientificstudieshaveyieldedeffectivesolutions.
C.bothaffectallsectorsofsociety.
D.bothcauseseriousmentalhealthproblems.
2.Thedevelopmentofthegamblingcompulsioncanbedescribedasbeing
A.gradual.B.slow.C.periodic.D.radical.
A.nationaleconomy.B.adultpopulation.
C.youngchildren.D.nationalcurrency.
12.TheWFPisappealingtodonornationsto
A.doublelastyear'sfood-aid.
B.raise$122millionforIraqipeople.
C.provideeachIraqifamilywith$26amonth.
D.helpIraq's12millionpopulation.
Question13isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.
13.Asaresultoftheagreement,thetwocountries'arsenalsaretobe
A.upgradedinreliabilityandsafety.B.reducedinsizeandnumber.
C.dismantledpartlylaterthisyear.D.maintainedintheirpresentconditions.
Questions14and15arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven30secondstoanswerthetwoquestions.Nowlistentothenews.
14.Wecaninferfromthenewsthat____________ofteenagersundersurveyin1993weredrugusers.
A.28%B.22%C.25%D.21%
15.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?
A.Parentsareaskedtojoinintheanti-drugefforts.
B.TheuseofbothcocaineandLSDareontheincrease.
C.Teenagersholdadifferentviewofdrugstoday.
D.Marijuanaisaspowerfulasitusedtobe.
SECTIONDNOTE-TAKINGANDGAP-FILLING
Inthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.Youwillhearthelectureonceonly.Whilelisteningtothelecture,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompletea15-minutegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETafterthemini-lecture.Usetheblankpaperfornote-taking.
ANSWERSHEET
TheRiseofRP
Historicalreasons
Receivedpronunciationwasoriginallyassociatedwitha
(1)spokenintheregionbetweencentralEnglandandLondon,includingOxfordandCambridge.
Itssurvivalwasduetoitsusebythe
(2)inthe14thcenturyandbyuniversitystudentsinthe(3)Ages.
Itsriseinimportanceresultedfromitsapplicationingovernmentandofficialdocuments.
Theprestigeofits(4)patternofpronunciationcameaboutwithitsusein(5)schoolsinthe19thcentury.
Asaresult,its(6)isacceptedbytelevisionandtheradio,theprofessionsandteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguage.ThreecharacteristicsofRP
1)itsspeakersdon'tregardthemselvesasconnectedwithanygeographicalregion;
2)RPislargelyusedinEngland;
3)RPisa"class"accent,associatedwith(7)socialclasses.
Itspresentstatus
DeclineintheprestigeofRPistheresultofa)lossofmonopolyofeducationbytheprivileged;b)(8)ofhigheducationinthepost-warperiod.
However,itstillretainsitseminenceamongcertainprofessionalpeople.
Thereisariseinthestatusofall(9)accents.
Wearemovingtowardsthe(10)position:
generalacceptanceofallregionalaccentsandabsenceofaclassaccentthattranscendsallregions.
PARTⅡPROOFREADINGANDERRORCORRECTION(15MIN.)
ProofreadthegivenpassageonANSWERSHEETasinstructed.
ThefollowingpassagecontainsTENerrors.Eachlinecontainsamaximumofoneerror.Ineachcase,onlyonewordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassageandcorrectit.
Whenahumaninfantisbornintoanycommunityinanypartofthe
worldithastwothingsincommonwithanyinfant,providedneitherofthem
(1)________
havebeendamagedinanywayeitherbeforeorduringbirth.Firstly,and
(2)________
mostobviously,newbornchildrenarecompletelyhelpless.Apartfroma
powerfulcapacitytopayattentiontotheirhelplessnessbyusingsound,there(3)________
isnothingthenewbornchildcandotoensurehisownsurvival.Without
carefromsomeotherhumanbeingorbeings,beitmother,grandmother,or
humangroup,achildisveryunlikelytosurvive.Thishelplessnessofhuman
infantsisinmarkedcontrastwiththecapacityofmanynewbornanimalsto
getontheirfeetwithinminutesofbirthandrunwithherdwithinafew(4)________
hours.Althoughyounganimalsarecertainlyinrisk,sometimesforweeks(5)________
orevenmonthsafterbirth,comparedwiththehumaninfanttheyveryquickly
growthecapacitytofendforthem.(6)________
Itisduringthisverylongperiodinwhichthehumaninfantistotally
dependentontheothersthatitrevealsthesecondfeaturewhichitshares(7)________
withallotherundamagedhumaninfants,acapacitytolearnlanguage.For
thisreason,biologistsnowsuggestthatlanguagebe"speciesspecific"tothe(8)________
humanrace,thatistosay,theyconsiderthehumaninfanttobegenetic(9)________
programmedinsuchwaythatitcanacquirelanguage.(10)________
Thissuggestionimpliesthatjustashumanbeingsaredesignedtosee
three-dimentionallyandincolour,andjustastheyaredesignedtostand
uprightratherthantomoveonallfours,sotheyaredesignedtolearnand
uselanguageaspartoftheirnormaldevelopmentsaswell-formed
humanbeings.
PARTⅢREADINGCOMPREHENSION(40MIN.)
SECTIONAREADINGCOMPREHENSION(30MIN.)
Inthissectiontherearefivereadingpassagesfollowedbyatotaloffifteenmultiplechoicequestions.Readthepassagesandthenanswerthequestions.
TEXTA
OnSociety
1Lowself-esteempopsupregularlyinacademicreportsasanexplanationforallsortsofviolence,fromhatecrimesandstreetcrimestoterrorism.Butdespitethepopularityoftheexplanation,notmuchevidencebacksitup.InarecentissueofPsychologicalReview,threeresearchersexaminethisliteratureatlengthandconcludethatamuchstrongerlinkconnectshighself-esteemtoviolence."Itisdifficulttomaintainbeliefinthelowself-esteemviewafterseeingthatthemoreviolentgroupsaregenerallytheoneswithhigherself-esteem,"writeRoyBaumeisterofCaseWesternReserveUniversityandLauraSmartandJosephBodenoftheUniversityofVirginia.
2Theconventionalviewisthatpeoplewithoutself-esteemtrytogainitbyhurtingothers.Theresearchersfindthatviolenceismuchmoreoftentheworkofpeoplewithunrealisticallyhighself-esteemattackingotherswhochallengetheirself-image.Underthisumbrellacomebullies,rapists,racists,psychopathsandmembersofstreetgangsandorganizedcrime.
3Thestudyconcludes,"Certainformsofhighself-esteemseemtoincreaseone'spronenesstoviolence.Anuncriticalendorsementoftheculturalvalueofself-esteemmaythereforebecounterproductiveandevendangerous...Thesocietalpursuitofhighself-esteemforeveryonemayliterallyendupdoingconsiderableharm."
4Asforprisonprogramsintendedtomakeviolentconvictsfeelbetteraboutthemselves,"perhapsitwouldbebettertotryinstillingmodestyandhumility,"theresearcherswrite.
5InaninterviewwiththeBostonGlobe,Baumeistersaidhebelievesthe"self'-promotingestablishmentisstartingtocrumble."Whatwouldworkbetterforthecountryistoforgetaboutself-esteemandconcentrateonself-control,'hesaid.
6Intheschools,thiswouldmeanturningawayfrompsychicboosterismandemphasizingself-esteemasaby-productofrealachievement,notasanendinitself.Theself-esteemmovement,stillentrenchedinschoolsofeducation,isdeeplyimplicatedinthedumbingdownofourschools,andinthespuriousequalitybehindtheideathatitisaterriblepsychicblowifonestudentdoesanybetteroranyworsethananother.Let'shopeitisindeedcrumbling.
16.Theresearchersfindthattherearestrongerconnectionsbetween
A.lowself-esteemandviolence.B.lowself-cotrolandviolence.
C.highself-imageandviolence.D.highself-controlandviolence.
17.TheresearcherswouldmostprobablyagreewiththefollowingEXCEPT
A.self-esteemshouldbepromotedandencouraged.
B.schoolsshouldchangetheirconceptofself-esteem.
C.thetraditionalviewisbeginningtoloseground.
D.prisonsshouldchangetheirpresentpractice.
TEXTB
1Socialchangeismorelikelytooccurinheterogeneoussocietiesthaninhomogeneousones,simplybecausetherearemorediversepointsofviewavailableintheformer.Therearemoreideas,moreconflictsofinterest,andmoregroupsandorganizationsofdifferentpersuasions.Inaddition,thereisusuallyagreaterworldlyinterestandtoleranceinheterogeneoussocieties.Allthesefactorstendtopromotesocialchangebyopeningmoreareasoflifetodecisionratherthansubjectingthemtoauthority.Inaquitehomogeneoussociety,therearefeweroccasionsforpeopletoperceivetheneedortheopportunityforchange,becauseeverythingseemstobethesameand,ifnotsatisfactory,atleastcustomaryandundisputed.
2Withinasociety,socialchangeisalsolikelytooccurmorefrequentlyandmorereadily
(1)inthematerialaspectsoftheculturethaninthenon-material,forexample,intechnologyratherthaninvalues;
(2)inwhathasbeenlearnedlaterinliferatherthanwhatwaslearnedearly;(3)intheless
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