英语 高中英语阅读理解试题有答案和解析.docx
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英语 高中英语阅读理解试题有答案和解析.docx
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英语高中英语阅读理解试题有答案和解析
【英语】高中英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Ifyou'reshoweringeveryday,you'reprobablyoverdoingit.Infact,showeringtoooftencanactuallyhurtyourbodyinthelongrun.
AsTime'spublichealthcolumnexplains,dailyshowersarecommonduetosocialnormsmorethananyproperhealthneed.Weconnectbeingfreshlyshoweredwithbeingattractiveandpleasing,sowetendtoshoweringoftentofeelbetter.
Butwhat'stheidealshowerfrequency?
Intermsofyourhealth—nothowyoulookorsmell—probablyonceortwiceaweek,assistantprofessorofdermatologyatGeorgeWashingtonUniversity,Dr.C.BrandonMitchellsays.“Yourbodyisnaturallyawell-oiledmachine,”hesays.“Adailyshowerisn'tnecessary.”
Ofcourse,yoursituationmayvary.Ifyouhaveajoblikecarmaintenanceorconstruction,you'llobviouslyhaveavisiblelayerofdirtyou'llneedtowashoffeverysingleday.Similarly,ifyouworkouteveryday,youmaynothaveanyhealthrisksbywashingeveryday,butyou'llstillbesmelly.Ifyoufeellikeyouneedtotakedailyshowersforaesthetic(审美的)reasons,atleastmakemostofthemlightshowers.“Itellpatientswhoshowerdailynottosoaptheirwholebodies,”Mitchellsays.Hityourpits,buttandgroin,whicharetheareasthatproducestrongsmells.Therestofyourbodydoesn'tneedmuchsoaping,hesays.
Toomuchtimespentunderthehotwatercandryoutyourskin,causecracks(裂纹)thatcanleadtoinfectionsorgermsgettingintoyourskin,andtakeawaythenaturaloilsonyourskinthathelpkeepithealthy.So,evenifyou'reaimingtobeyourmostpresentable,besuretokeepitmoderatetoavoidhurtingyourskininthelongrun.
(1)Accordingtothepassage,whydomostpeopleshowerdaily?
A. Tomeethealthneed.
B. Towashoffdirt.
C. Toaddtoattraction.
D. Togetrelaxation.
(2)Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightbeadvisedtoshoweronceortwiceaweek?
A. Officestaff
B. Carmaintainer
C. Buildingworkers
D. Gym-goers
(3)Theunderlinedphrase“lightshowers”inPara .4referstotheshowersinwhich________.
A. brightlightsareequipped B. alittlesoapingisinvolved
C. gentleskintouchesareallowed D. lesshotwaterisused
(4)Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A. ShoweringDailyBecomesaCustom
B. DailyShowerDoesNoGoodtoYou
C. ProtectYourSkinWhenShowering D. YouProbablyNeedn'tShowerDaily
【答案】
(1)C
(2)A
(3)B
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,从长远来看,每天淋浴对身体健康有害。
如果不是每天身上都会沾污垢或是每天都出很多汗的工作,普通人一周洗一两次澡足够了。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Weconnectbeingfreshlyshoweredwithbeingattractiveandpleasing,sowetendtoshoweringoftentofeelbetter.”可知多数人每天淋浴是为了增加吸引力,故选C。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的“Ifyouhaveajoblikecarmaintenanceorconstruction,you'llobviouslyhaveavisiblelayerofdirtyou'llneedtowashoffeverysingleday.Similarly,ifyouworkouteveryday,youmaynothaveanyhealthrisksbywashingeveryday,butyou'llstillbesmelly.”可知每天身上都会沾污垢或是每天都出很多汗的工作,才需要每天洗澡,故选A。
(3)考查词义猜测。
根据第四段中的“‘Itellpatientswhoshowerdailynottosoaptheirwholebodies,’Mitchellsays.Hityourpits,buttandgroin,whicharetheareasthatproducestrongsmells.Therestofyourbodydoesn'tneedmuchsoaping,hesays.可知‘lightshowers’”指的是只在一些部位涂肥皂,而全身不需要太多肥皂,故选B。
(4)考查主旨大意。
本文主要讲了从长远来看,每天淋浴对身体健康有害。
如果不是每天身上都会沾污垢或是每天都出很多汗的工作,普通人一周洗一两次澡足够了。
所以选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测,推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查,是一篇健康类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.
"Thehistoryoftheworldisbutthebiography(传记)ofgreatmen,"arguedThomasCarlyle,theadvocateofwhathascometobeknownasthe"GreatManTheoryofHistory."Thistheorysuggeststhatthebroadermovementsandoutlineofhistoryallgobacktotheleadershipofgreatindividualswhohaduniqueinfluenceontheirtimes.WhetherornotCarlyle'stheoryprovestrueisdebatable,butthatcertainindividualscastlongshadowsisnot.
Asonewhoisentrustedwithaleadershipposition,Ifinditprofitabletoreadofotherswhohaveled.Whereveryoufindme,you'lllikelyfindagoodbiographynearby.Whyisthisthecase?
First,Ifindgoodbiographiesfascinating.I'lloccasionallyreadanovel,butI'veneverbeenoverlydrawntofiction.IhavefoundmyselfunabletosleepwhileinthestruggleoftheBattleofBritaininWilliamManchester'sTheLastLion.Forme,nottoreadbiographieswouldrobmeofpleasureinmylife.
Second,Ifindgoodbiographiesinformative.Agoodbiographertellsnotonlythestoryofaperson,butalsooftheirtimes.Readingagoodbiographyislikewanderingthroughanintellectualshoppingmall.Thefirststoreiswhatdrewyouthere,butyouwillbepleasantlysurprisedalongthewayatwhatotheritemsgrabyourattention.You'llfindnobetteraccountoftheBritishEmpireatitspeakthantheopeningchaptersofManchester'sVisionsofGlory,volumeoneofhisTheLastLion.Strictlyspeaking,abiographyisbutasliceofhistory.
Third,Ifindgoodbiographiesrelaxing.WinstonChurchilloncenotedamanwhoworkswithhishandsshouldhaveahobbythatengageshismind,andamanwhoworkswithhismindshouldhaveahobbythatengageshishands.AnotherwaytoapplyChurchill'ssayingistocombinetechnical,pen-in-handvocationalreadingwithleisurelybiographicalreading.Indeed,fewthingsaremorerelaxingtomethanwindingdowntheeveningandenteringintoanotherworld.
ThisiswhyIlovereadinggoodbiographies,andwhyIpitythepersonwhoneglectsthem.Don'tbecountedamongtheirnumber.
(1)Whatisimpliedinthefirstparagraph?
A. TheauthorfindsCarlyle'stheoryundebatable.
B. Carlylebelievesgreatmenalonecannotcreatehistory.
C. Itisdebatablewhetheroneshouldreadgreatmen'sbiographies.
D. Theauthoragreesthathistoryisgreatlyinfluencedbycertainmen.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"otheritems"inthethirdparagraphreferto?
A. goodbiographies
B. storiesofcertaintimes
C. thevolumesofTheLastLion
D. thechaptersoftheBritishEmpire
(3)WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A. Theauthorconsidersbiographicalreadingenjoyable.
B. Theauthorcantraveltoanotherworldintheevening.
C. Theauthorhasfoughtmanybattlesduringhislifetime.
D. Theauthorprofitscommerciallybyreadingbiographies.
(4)Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthearticle?
A. Toanalyzethebenefitsofvocationalreading.
B. Tointroducetoreadershisuniquereadingstrategies.
C. Topresentgreatmen'shistorythroughbiographyreading.
D. Torecommendbiographyreadingthroughhisownexperiences.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)A
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,作者阐述了喜欢读好的传记的原因。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的"Thistheorysuggeststhatthebroadermovementsandoutlineofhistoryallgobacktotheleadershipofgreatindividualswhohaduniqueinfluenceontheirtimes"可知,这一理论表明,更广泛的历史运动和轮廓都可以追溯到对其时代有独特影响的伟大人物的领导。
所以通过第一段的关键词"gobackto,haduniqueinfluenceontheirtimes",判断出第一段暗示了作者同意历史受某些人的影响很大。
故选D。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第三段中的"Agoodbiographertellsnotonlythestoryofaperson,butalsooftheirtimes.Readingagoodbiographyislikewanderingthroughanintellectualshoppingmall.Thefirststoreiswhatdrewyouthere,butyouwillbepleasantlysurprisedalongthewayatwhatotheritemsgrabyourattention."可知,一个好的传记作家不仅讲述一个人的故事,而且还在讲述他们所处的时代。
读一本好的传记就像漫步在一个充满智慧的购物中心。
第一家商店吸引了你,但你会惊喜地发现,还有其它的商品吸引了你的注意力。
所以作者把读好的传记比喻成购物,将历史人物和某个时期的历史故事比喻成商店的商品。
故判断出第三段划线的"otheritems"指的是某个时期的故事。
故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的"Forme,nottoreadbiographieswouldrobmeofpleasureinmylife"以及第三段"Indeed,fewthingsaremorerelaxingtomethanwindingdowntheeveningandenteringintoanotherworld."可知,对我来说,不读传记会剥夺我生活的乐趣。
的确,没有什么事情比悠闲地度过夜晚,进入另一个世界更令我放松。
所以作者认为传记阅读令人愉快。
故A选项"作者认为传记阅读令人愉快"是正确的。
故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的"First,Ifindgoodbiographiesfascinating.";第三段中的"Second,Ifindgoodbiographiesinformative.";第四段中的"Third,Ifindgoodbiographiesrelaxing."以及最后段"ThisiswhyIlovereadinggoodbiographies,andwhyIpitythepersonwhoneglectsthem.Don'tbecountedamongtheirnumber."可知,首先,我觉得好的传记很吸引人。
我发现好的传记信息丰富。
我发现好的传记让人放松。
这就是为什么我喜欢读好的传记,以及为什么我同情忽视它们的人。
不要成为那些不读传记的人群的一员。
可知,作者通过自己的经历阐述了自己喜欢读好的传记的原因目的是推荐人们读传记。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Scientistsfoundthatsleepingconsiderablyimprovesourcreativity.Aftertakinganappeopleareabletothinkfasterandputmoreimaginationintotheirthinking.Besides,ifwedream,thethinkingabilitiesareimprovedevenmore.
Researchersconsiderthatsleepingonaprobleminmostcasesleadstoelucidation(解释).TheysaywhenapersonentersaphasecalledRapidEyeMovement(REM)duringsleep,itincreasestheeffect.Suchphasetakesplacerightbeforeweawakeandaccordingtoscientistsithelpsourbrainmakelinksbetweenunrelatedsubjects.
Inthestudy,ledbyProfessorSaraMednick,scientistsmadeaconclusionthattheREMwas"importantforassimilating(消化)newinformationintopastexperience"inordertofindsolutionstocreativeproblems.
Prof.MednickisapsychiatristattheUniversityofCalifornia.Herstudyinvolvedtheanalysisof77adults.Eachparticipantwasgivenseveralword-associatedcreativetasks.Alltasksweregiveninthemorning,withparticipantsbeingshownanumberofgroupsof3words,forexample:
cookie,heartandsixteen.Theywereaskedtocomeupwithawordthatwouldbeassociatedwithallthreegiven
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