届高考英语一轮复习精选精炼22摸底测试四.docx
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届高考英语一轮复习精选精炼22摸底测试四.docx
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届高考英语一轮复习精选精炼22摸底测试四
摸底测试(四)
阅读理解
A
(2018·安徽蒙城一中、淮南一中联考)
ManyofNewYork’sfine-diningestablishmentstakepartinwhatisknownasRestaurantWeek,aneventheldsince1992thatofferslocalsandtouriststheopportunitytoenjoyamoreaffordablethree-courseculinary(烹饪的)experience.
Forafixedlunchpriceof$25,or$38fordinner,thereare340restaurantsand28typesofcuisine(菜肴)tochoosefromthroughMarch6.Onanyotherdayoftheyear,suchmealscouldcost25percentto50percentmore.
OneofthepioneersofthiseventisTracyNieporent,restaurantcommitteechairmanforNYC&Company.Hesaidparticipatingrestaurantsmakeasmallerprofitpermeal,butbenefitfromanincreaseinoverallbusiness.“It’sreallyanhonourtogetin,andpeoplewanttobein,”hesaid.“It’sobviouslyeconomicallybeneficialtotherestaurantswhoparticipateintheevent.”
Forwaiters,RestaurantWeekmeansextrawork.Buttypically,thattranslatestohigherwages.“Thetipsgetalittlehigher,”saidJoseMiguelCruz,awaiteratTribecaGrill.“Iwouldsaytheyincreasemorethan20percent.”Cruz,whohasservedatTribecaGrillfor25years,saidtheeffortpaysoffinotherways.“Peopleenjoyit,”hesaid.“Italsoopens—eitherwinterorsummertime—anotherchancetobringmorecustomers.”
AffordabilityandconveniencematterinNewYork,wherethecostoflivingishigh.“RestaurantWeekisgreatbecauseyoucantryeverythingyoucan,”saidNewYorkresidentMarioMilana.“Youhavegoodmenus,andusuallyawineselectionthatgoeswelltogether.”AnotherNewYorker,KimBible,saidRestaurantWeekprovides“anincentivetogotorestaurantswhenyouusuallywouldn’tgoout”.
NewYork’sRestaurantWeekmodelhassincebeencopiedinothercitiesacrossthenation.Itworkssowellbecauseitprovidesrealvalue.
1.Thesamecuisineonanyotherdayoftheyearwouldcostatmost .
A.38dollarsB.44dollars
C.50dollarsD.57dollars
2.Withmuchlowerprices,somanyrestaurantsstillwanttogetinbecause .
A.theoverallsalescangoup
B.theycanbuildagoodreputation
C.NYC&Companyasksthemtodothat
D.itisachancetoenjoyaculinaryexperience
3.Theunderlinedword“incentive”inParagraph5means“ ”.
A.promiseB.attraction
C.needD.appointment
4.WhatcanwelearnaboutNewYork’sRestaurantWeek?
A.Itbenefitsalotofpeople.
B.Itfaceseconomicdifficulties.
C.Itshoulddevelopinacreativeway.
D.Itreducestheoverallcostofliving.
【解题导语】本文为说明文,题材为日常生活类。
从1992年开始,纽约美食周通过比平时低很多的价格,向大众介绍美食,吸引游客和纽约人。
1.D 推理判断题。
由第二段可知,美食周最高价是38美元一份,平时的最高价要比美食周的价格高出50%,即需要多花19美元,38+19=57,故选D项。
2.A 细节理解题。
由第三段的“...benefitfromanincreaseinoverallbusiness.‘It’sreallyanhonourtogetin,andpeoplewanttobein,’hesaid.‘It’sobviouslyeconomicallybeneficialtotherestaurantswhoparticipateintheevent’.”可知,在美食周,尽管价格比平时低了许多,但饭店的整体收益有所增加。
3.B 词义猜测题。
由画线词所在语境可知,纽约的生活成本很高,而在美食周,一些饭店以低廉的价格提供多样化的美食,这吸引了平时不外出用餐的人,故选B项。
4.A 推理判断题。
由第三段可知,参加美食周的饭店的成交额会得到增加;由第四段可知,在美食周,虽然服务员的工作量增加了,但他们可以得到更多的小费;由第五段MarioMilana所说的可知,在美食周,人们可以尝试很多不同的菜品、品尝不同的美酒,由KimBible所说的可知,美食周激发了人们外出用餐的热情,故选A项。
B
(2018·安徽省江淮十校2018届高三第二次联考)
AstronautScottKellyhasbeenlivingontheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)sinceMarch28,2015.Andjustlikeanyotherhome,theISSrequiressomehousekeepingintheformofrepairs.
ThatiswhyKellyandfellowastronautKjellLindgrenperformedextravehicular(舱外的)activity(EVA)outsidethestation.Theoperationbeganat8:
03amandlastedformorethansevenhours.Itwasthefirstspacewalkforbothmen.
TheISShasbeeninconstantusefor15yearsandhashostedover200people,includingastronautsandprivatetourists.DuringtheirEVA,KellyandLindgrendidbasicelectricalwork,suchasattachingnewcablesthatwouldprovidepowertodockingports(对接舱门)onthestation.Thetwoastronautsalsofixedathermal(保暖的)coveronakeyscientificinstrumentonthestationtoprotectitfromtheharshtemperaturesofspace.
Astheseniorastronaut,Kellyledthespacewalk.However,LindgrendealtwithsomeofthemorechallengingpartsofthejobashehaslongerarmsthanKelly.
Duringaspacewalk,thesimplestworkbecomesadifficulttask.KellyandLindgrenspentmonthstrainingandpracticingfortheoperation.ThepreparationbeganinNASA’sNeutralBuoyancyLab(NBL),whereastronautsweremadetoworkinanenvironmentsimilartotheoneoutsidethespacestation.
Evengettingthespacesuitsreadycantakedays.Whileeachsuitisbuilttofitperfectlytheastronautwhowillwearit,adjustmentsneedtobemaderightuptothemomentwhenthespacewalkbegins.Theadjustmentsaddressanychangesintheastronauts’bodiesthathaveoccurredasaresultofbeinginagravity-freeenvironment.
5.KellyandLindgrenperformedthespacewalkjustto .
A.receiveanoperationinspace
B.carryoutascientificexperiment
C.testwhethertheISSwasworkingwell
D.dosomethingfortheISStoworkwell
6.Lindgrenhandledsomemoredifficultworkbecausehe .
A.isyoungerthanKelly
B.likestobechallenged
C.ismoreskillfulthanKelly
D.hasaphysicaladvantageoverKelly
7.WhywerethetwoastronautstrainedinNBL?
A.Tosimplifytheirdailywork.
B.Toadapttoworkinginspace.
C.Totesttheirabilitiestoperformaspacewalk.
D.Tomakepreparationsforadjustingspacesuits.
8.Whatcanweconcludefromthetext?
A.TheISShasonlyhostedastronauts.
B.One’sbodyisdifferentinsizeinspace.
C.TheISShascontrolledthetemperaturesofspace.
D.Spacesuitsadjustthemselvestothegravity-freeenvironment.
【解题导语】本文为说明文。
主要介绍两名宇航员太空漫步的情况。
5.D 细节理解题。
根据第一段和第二段的第一句可知,两名宇航员太空漫步旨在给国际空间站做一些维护工作。
6.D 细节理解题。
根据第四段第二句可知,Lindgren是因其身体上的优势才肩负着更具挑战性的工作。
7.B 推理判断题。
根据第五段第三句可知,实验室模仿了太空站外的环境,由此可推知他们在实验室训练旨在适应在太空环境下工作。
8.B 推理判断题。
由最后一段最后一句可知,太空服需要根据人体在失重环境下发生的变化而做出调整,故选B项。
C
(2018·武汉市武昌区高三年级三月调研考试)
Kandareallydoesn'tliketowalkalone.Thescientistfromaresearchinstituteofintelligentrobotsfindstheexperiencesoboringthathe'dratherdrive—eventhoughhelivesclosetohislabandknowsthatwalkingishealthy.“Ienjoywalkingwithsomeone,likewithmywife,withmydaughter,”Kandasaid.“Buttheyarenotalwaysavailable.”
SoKanda,whospecializesinhumanlikebots,developedaroboticwalkingpartnerthatcouldmakesmalltalkbasedonitssurroundings,which,hehopes,mightmotivatepeopletogetoutandexercisemore.Thebotrestsonaperson'sshoulderlikeaboxyparrot.Itweighsaboutapoundandahalfandsitsroughly8.5incheshigh,andis3.5incheswideand10incheslong.Amicrophone,aspeaker,andaninternalcameraallowittocommunicate.It'sevenequippedwithasmile.
Kandaandhisteamcollectedvideofromfivedifferentlocations,includingagardenandashoppingmall,andcreatedadatasetofsmalltalktopicsrelatedtoeachlocation.Thentheyprogrammedtherobottoassociatevisualcueswithspecifictopics.Aspecialspeechsoftwareprovidedtherobotwithavoice.Nearagroupofparkedcars,forexample,itmightsay,“Inabigparkinglot,sometimesIforgetwhereIparked.”
Theytestedtheroboton15volunteers,10malesand5females,whowerepaidandaveragedabout26yearsold.“Haveyoueverblownapuffofdandelion(蒲公英)seedsintotheair?
”Therobotaskedaparticipant,whosmiledandresponded,“Yes,IoftendidthatwhenIwasachild.”Althoughseveralparticipantsnotedtherobot'sweight,Kandawassurprisedthatnooneconsideredtheexperiencestrangeorfunny.“Iguesspeopleenjoynewtechnologies,”hesaid.
Justlikeahumanpartner,Kanda'shotisn'tperfect.It'snotabletogoforwalksinheavyrainand,whiletherobotcanmakeexpressions,itcan'treallyholdaconversation,aboutwhichKandaismostworried.Despiteitslimits,Kandawascomfortedbythebot'spresence.“Ifeltakindofsenseofbeingwithsomeone,”hesaid,“particularlywhenitspoke.”
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了新研发的陪人散步的机器人。
【难句分析】SoKanda,whospecializesinhumanlikebots,developedaroboticwalkingpartnerthatcouldmakesmalltalkbasedonitssurroundings,which,hehopes,mightmotivatepeopletogetoutandexercisemore.
分析:
本句是一个复合句。
who引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,修饰先行词Kanda;that引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,修饰先行词aroboticwalkingpartner;which引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,修饰前面的整个分句。
译文:
因此专门研究人类机器人的Kanda发明了一个可以陪人们散步的机器人,这个机器人能够基于周围的环境和人闲谈,他希望这样可以激发人们走出去,多锻炼。
9.WhydoesKandahavetheideaofdevelopingaroboticwalkingpartner?
A.Becausehewantssomeonetoaccompanyhimwhilewalking.
B.Becausehehasneverdevelopedarobotlikeaparrot.
C.Becausehisfamilyareunwillingtowalkwithhim.
D.Becauseheiscrazyaboutdevelopingrobots.
答案与解析:
A 考查细节理解。
根据第一段的“‘Ienjoywalkingwithsomeone,likewithmywife,withmydaughter,’Kandasaid.‘Buttheyarenotalwaysavailable.’”可知,Kanda发明陪人散步的机器人的原因是想找个人在他散步时陪他,故选A。
10.Whatcharacteristicdoestherobothave?
A.Itcan“speak”and“see”.
B.Itcanwalklikeahumanbeing.
C.Itcancommunicatewithpeoplefreely.
D.Itismuchmorehumorousthanarealperson.
答案与解析:
A 考查推理判断。
根据第二段倒数第二句“Amicrophone,aspeaker,andaninternalcameraallowittocommunicate.”以及第三段的“Thentheyprogrammed...withavoice.”可推知,这种机器人可以说话还可以看,故选A。
11.Whatisnecessaryfortherobottofunction?
A.Asmallsize.
B.Aboxyshape.
C.Ahumanpartner.
D.Aspeechsoftware.
答案与解析:
D 考查细节理解。
根据第二段倒数第二句“Amicrophone,aspeaker,andaninternalcameraallowittocommunicate.”和第三段的“Thentheyprogrammed...Aspecialspeechsoftwareprovidedtherobotwithavoice.”可知,这种机器人是要配备麦克风、扬声器、内置摄像头以及特殊的语音软件的,故选D。
12.WhatisKandamostlikelytodoabouthisrobotnext?
A.Tomakeitmoreconvenienttocarry.
B.Toimproveitsconversationalskills.
C.Toenableittowalkinheavyrain.
D.Tobetteritssoundsystem.
答案与解析:
B 考查推理判断。
根据最后一段第二句的“...itcan'treallyholdaconversation,aboutwhichKanda
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