高三二模考试英语汇编 阅读C篇 含答案.docx
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高三二模考试英语汇编 阅读C篇 含答案.docx
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高三二模考试英语汇编阅读C篇含答案
2019-2020年高三二模考试英语汇编阅读C篇含答案
(崇明)
(C)
Lotsofbacteriacangrowintheseeminglyunfriendlyenvironmentunderglaciers(冰川),aregionformerlyconsideredfreeofmuchbiology.ThisfindingbyglaciologistsworkinginSwitzerlandcouldhelpsolvesomepuzzlesofthelasticeageandpointthewayforfindinglifeonotherplanets.
Bacteriawithoddlifestyleshavebeenunderincreasingstudylately,withmostresearchfocusedonthespecieswhichpreferhothomes.Thenewstudyshiftsattentiontotheotherendofthethermometer(温度计).Theexcitingthingistheideaofpushingthewindowofacceptablebacterialenvironmentsalittlebitfartheropen.
ResearchershavepreviouslycollectedsmallnumbersofbacteriafromiceinAntarcticaandGreenland,buttheycouldnotdeterminewhetherthesewereactivebacteriaorjustfrozencellsblowninbywind.Incontrast,theearthbeneathtwoSwissglaciersharborslargecoloniesofbacteria—hundredsofmillionsofcellspergram—thatappeartobegrowingat0℃.
Scientistsfolloweduponthesefindingsbytakingsamplesofice,water,andearthattwomountainglaciers.Theyfoundthatearthbeneaththeglacierscontainedmuchlargerpopulationsofbacteriathandidsurfaceandinnerpartofice.Thosefindingsindicatethatthebacteriaweregrowingatthebottomoftheglacierandarenotsomethingwashedinwhilethescientistsdrilledthroughtheice.
Lookingatthebacteriaunderamicroscope(显微镜),theresearchersfoundthatmanywereintheprocessofdividing,andhealthyundertheice.Thebacteriamightbreakdownmineralsandplantremainsoriginallyburiedbeneaththeglacierorlaterwashedinbywatergoingslowlythroughtheice,scientistssay.
“Someoftheassumptionswehavemadeinthepastnowmustbeseriouslyquestioned,”sayresearchers.“IfbacteriacanliveunderglaciersonEarth,whynotonotherplanets?
Thenewstudypointsoutinmanywaysthatthebottomsofglaciersareprobablyquitegoodenvironmentsfromthepointofviewofbacteria.So,maybethebottomoftheicesheetsonotherplanetswouldbeasensibleplacetotryifyou’regoingtolookforlifeonthem.”
72.Whatisspecialaboutthenewstudyonbacteria?
A.Itfocusesonthebacteriainhotenvironments.
B.Itopensthewindowsofthebacteriallabswider.
C.Itpaysmoreattentiontothebacteriainthethermometer.
D.Itchangesscientists’viewabouttheenvironmentbacteriaexistin.
73.Whichofthefollowingfactsprovesthatbacteriaunderglaciersarealive?
A.Waterisgoingslowlythroughtheice.
B.Thedrillsusedbyscientistsarefreeofbacteria.
C.Manyofthebacteriaareintheprocessofdividing.
D.Theearthbeneaththeglaciercontainsmorebacteria.
74.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat________.
A.bacteriadisappearintheinnerpartoficeB.bacteriamustbealsoaliveonotherplanets
C.bacteriacangrowinextremeweathersD.bacteriagrowbybreakingthemselvesdown
75.Thepassageismainlyaboutthepossibilityoftheexistenceoflife_________.
A.undertheseaB.inhotwaterC.onotherplanetsD.underglaciers
C篇DCCD
(奉贤)
(C)
Thegiftofbeingabletodescribeafaceaccuratelyisarareone,aseveryexperiencedpoliceofficerknowstohiscost.AstheLancetputitrecently,“Whenwetrytodescribefacesprecisely,wordsfailus,andweresorttoidentikit(拼脸型图)procedures.”
Yet,accordingtooneauthorityonthesubject,wecaneachprobablyrecognizemorethan1,000faces,themajorityofwhichdifferinfinedetails.This,whenoneestothinkofit,isatremendousfeat,though,curiouslyenough,relativelylittleattentionhasbeendevotedtothefundamentalproblemsofhowandwhyweacquirethisgiftforrecognizingandrememberingfaces.Isitaninbornpropertyofourbrains,oranacquiredone?
Assooftenhappens,theexpertstendtodiffer.
Thus,somearguethatitisinborn,andthatthereare“specialcharacteristicsaboutthebrain’sabilitytodistinguishfaces”.Insupportofthis,theynotehowmuchbetterweareatrecognizingafaceafterasingleencounterthanweare,forexample,inrecognizinganindividualhorse.Ontheotherhand,therearethose,andtheyareprobablyinthemajority,whoclaimthatthegiftisanacquiredone.
Theargumentsinfavorofthislatterview,itmustbeconfessed,areimpressive.Itisahabitthatisacquiredsoonafterbirth.Watch,forinstance,howaquiteyoungbabyrecognizeshismotherbysight.Grantedthathisothersenseshelp–thesound,hissenseofsmell,thedistinctivewayshehandleshim.Butofallthese,sightispredominant.Formedattheverybeginningoflife,theabilitytorecognizefacesquicklybeesanestablishedhabit,andonethatis,essentialfordailyliving,ifnotnecessarilyforsurvival.Howessentialandvaluableitisweprobablydonotappreciateuntilweencounterp
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