英语专八改错和翻译考试.docx
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英语专八改错和翻译考试.docx
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英语专八改错和翻译考试
人文知识
1._____istheworld’slargestexporteroflambandmutton.
A.NewZealandB.AustraliaC.CanadaD.America
2._____ispopularlyknownintheWestastheLandDownUnder.
A.BritainB.CanadaC.AustraliaD.NewZealand
3.ShakespearewroteallthefollowingworksEXCEPT_____
A.HamletB.KingLearC.OthelloD.WutheringHeights
4.MarkTwainismostfamousfor_____.
A.poemsB.NovelsC.DramasD.sciencefiction
5.____wasNOTwrittenbyCharlesDickens.
A.DavidCopperfieldB.OliverTwistC.SonsandLoversD.ATaleofTwoCities
6.Britishprimeministernormallyservesa____term.
A.two-yearB.five-yearC.four-yearD.six-year
7._____issometimescalledthebirthplaceofAmerica.
A.NewEnglandB.theSouthC.theWestD.theMidwest
8.Semanticsisthestudyof____.
A.linguisticcompetenceB.languagefunctionsC.meaningsD.socialbehavior
9.Whichofthefollowingisnotgenerallybelievedtobeareaoflinguistics?
A.syntaxB.semanticsC.phonologyD.etiology
10.TGgrammarwasadvancedby_____
A.SearleB.WhorfC.HallidayD.NoamChomsk
参考答案:
1~5:
ACDBC
6~10:
BACDD
1_____istheworld'slargestexporteroflambandmutton.
A.NewZealandB.AustraliaC.CanadaD.America
2._____ispopularlyknownintheWestastheLandDownUnder.
A.BritainB.CanadaC.AustraliaD.NewZealand
3.ShakespearewroteallthefollowingworksEXCEPT_____
A.HamletB.KingLearC.OthelloD.WutheringHeights
4.MarkTwainismostfamousfor_____.
A.poemsB.NovelsC.DramasD.sciencefiction
5.____wasNOTwrittenbyCharlesDickens.
A.DavidCopperfieldB.OliverTwist、C.SonsandLoversD.ATaleofTwoCities
6.Britishprimeministernormallyservesa____term.
A.two-yearB.five-yearC.four-yearD.six-year
7._____issometimescalledthebirthplaceofAmerica.
A.NewEnglandB.theSouthC.theWestD.theMidwest
8.Semanticsisthestudyof____.
A.linguisticcompetenceB.languagefunctionsC.meaningsD.socialbehavior
9.Whichofthefollowingisnotgenerallybelievedtobeareaoflinguistics?
A.syntaxB.semanticsC.phonologyD.etiology
10.TGgrammarwasadvancedby_____
A.SearleB.WhorfC.HallidayD.NoamChomsk
参考答案:
1~5:
ACDBC
6~10:
BACDD
改错
练习题
Abouthalfoftheinfantandmaternaldeathsindevelopingcountriescouldbeavoidedifwomenhadusedfamilyplanningmethodstopreventhighrisk____1pregnancies,accordingtoareportpublishingrecentlybytheJohnsHopkingUniversity.____2Thereportindicatesthat5.6millioninfantdeathsand2,000,000maternalDeathscouldbepreventedthisyearifwomenchosetohavetheirschildren____3withinthesafestyearswithadequateintervalsamongbirthsandlimitedtheir____4familiestomoderatesize.Thisamountstoabouthalfofthe9.8millioninfantand370.000maternaldeathsindevelopingcountries,excludedChina,estimatedforthisyearby____5theUnitedNation’sChildren’sFundandtheUSCentersforDiseaseControlrespectably.Chinawasexcludedbecauseveryfewbirthsoccurinthehighriskcategories.____6Thereportsaysthatevidencesfromaroundtheworldshowstheriskof____7maternalorinfantillanddeathisthehighestinfourspecifictypesof____8
pregnancy;pregnanciesbeforethemotheris18yearold;thoseafterthe____9motheris35yearsold;pregnanciesafterfourbirths;andthoselesserthantwoyearsapart.____10
答案详解:
1.将hadused改为used。
因为此句是虚拟语气,表示与现在事实相反,故条件从句中应使用一般过去时。
例如:
Manywouldbewiseiftheydidnotthinkthemselveswise.许多人原本会成为聪明人-如果他们不自以为聪明的话。
2.将publishing改为published
report和publish时逻辑动宾关系,故应使用publish的过去分词短语来修饰report。
例如:
Anydiscoverythatwemaymake,howeversmall,willremainacquiredknowledge.任何可能的发现,不管多么微不足道,都将成为知识宝库中的一部分。
3.将theirs改为their
4.将among改为between
在两次怀孕期间留出足够的间隔时间,故用between。
5.将过去分词excluded改为介词excluding
excluding意为“不包括……”
6.将respectably改为respectively
respectively意为“分别地”,符合句子的意思。
而respectably意为“可敬的,值得尊敬地”。
7.将evidences改为evidence
evidence是不可数名词。
8.将ill改为illness
9.将year改为years
10.将lesser改为less
Itisdifficulttothinkofanationasanabstractcollectionofpeople
livingonapatchofterritory.
Itiseasiertothink ofasaperson.
ThisiswhywesometimescallGreatBritain __1__
"Britannia"andtheUnitedStates"Columbia",andthinkofitasstately
women.Wealsousemasculinesymbolsinour __2__
personificationofnations.In1712JohnArbuthont,aScot,wroteapolitical
satireinthatthecharactersweresupposed __3__
tobetypicalmembersofdifferentnationalities.TheEnglishmanwasJohnBull.
Thisname,whichwassufficientflatteringtobe __4__
adoptedgenerally,combinedthemostcommonEnglishfirstnamewithalastname
indicatedstrength.JohnBullisusually __5__
picturedasapartlybusinessmanwithaUnionJackonhishatband.
AftertheAmericanWarofIndependencebeganin1783,theUnited __6__
Stateswasknownfor"BrotherJonathan".Jonathanwasabiblical __7__
nameassociatedwithsimplepeoplefromruralareas,anditseemedfittingsince
theUnitedStatesisruralandunsophiscated,and
since __8__
Americanconsideredtheirtypeofsimplicityavirtuecomparedto __9__
thewickednessofEuropeancities.Itispossible,however,thatthenamewas
originatedwithPresidentGeorgeWashington,whowould __10__
oftensay,whenfacedwithahardproblem,"LetusconsultBrotherJonathan",
referringtohissecrectary,JohnathanTrumbull.
答案详解:
1.of和as之间加上it.代替前文的anation
2.it—both.指代上文的US和GreatBritain
3.that—which
4.sufficient—sufficiently.修饰形容词用副词
5.indicated—indicating
6.began—ended.根据历史知识,美国独立战争开始于1776年7月4日(《独立宣言》发表),直到1783年英国正式承认美国独立才结束。
7.for—as.beknownfor意为“因......而众所周知”
8.is—was.美国过去曾是一个ruralandunsophisticated的国家
9.to—pareto意为“把......比作.......”comparewith意为“与......比较,与.......匹敌,与......竞争”
10.删掉name和originated之间的was
Ancientmanattemptedtochangetheweatherbyusingmagic.
Whileexperiencetaughthimthiswasimpossible, __1__
hetriedtoforecastweatherconditions.Evenearlierin __2__
1000B.C.therewereweatherseersinBabylon----andpriests
cleverenoughtodenounceasfraudsthosepredicted __3__
theweatherayearintheadvance.Someforecastersused __4__
methodsthatseemedtotakenoconnectionwiththeactual __5__
factorscontrolledtheweather.Chickensandotheranimals __6__
weresacrificedandtheirintestinespokedtofindsigns
indicatingrainanddrought.Somewhatmorescientificwere __7__
predictionsbasedonvegetation:
"Onion'sskinverythin,mild
weathercomingin.Onion'sskinthickandtough,coming
weatheriscoldandrough."Insectsandanimalswerealso __8__
favoriteweatherclues:
"Beforetheglowwormlightshislamp, __9__
thentheairisalwaysdamp.""Ifspiderstheircobwebsforsake,
theweatherwillforcertainbreak.""Iffrogsremainedinpools,
theweatherwillbefine.Iftheywereseenonrocks, __10__
rainandcoldweredue."It'sdifficulttosaywhetherthisrhyme
shouldbetakenseriously:
"Hark,Iheartheassesbray.
Methinkswe'llhavesomeraintoday."
答案详解:
1.While-When或After.本句的this指代的是tochangetheweatherbyusingmagic.when/after引导时间状语
2.in-than.earlier是early的比较级,其后应有than
3.those之后加who.who引导定语从句
4.删除advance前的the.inadvance为习语
5.take-have.haveconnectionwith为习语
6.controlled-controlling或在controlled前加that/which.controllingtheweather或that/whichcontrolledtheweather做定语修饰theactualfactors
7.and-or.rain和draught只能是二者之一
8.删除is.与上文平衡,均为省略句
9.before-when/if.条件句
10.will-would.if引导的是条件句用的是remained一般过去时来源
改错指导:
常见典型语法错误
语言是评判作文的一个极其重要的因素。
在实际的阅卷过程中,语法错误,尤其是较为严重的错误,是阅卷人员的主要“照顾点”,有时甚至是惟一的点;当然那样处理是有道理的,大家可以设想一下,一篇语法上漏洞百出、严重影响表达的作文又会有什么样的好内容呢?
如果因为语言上的错误而导致失分,那将得不偿失。
因此,认清各种各样的语法错误,尽可能地避免少犯,对于提高作文分是有极大的帮助的。
现将我们在阅卷过程中所发现的大量语言错误逐一归类,抽出其中的典型错误,以警示大家,供参考。
1.句子成分残缺不全
Wealwaysworkingtilllateatnightbeforetakingexams.(误)
Wearealwaysworking/Wealwaysworktilllateatnightbeforetakingexams(正)
Weshouldreadbooksmaybeusefultous.(误)
Weshouldreadbookswhichmaybeusefultous.(正)
2.句子成分多余
Thistestisend,butthereisanothertestiswaitingforyou.(误)
Onetestends,butanotheriswaitingforyou.(正)
Thedriveroftheredcarwasdiedonthespot.(误)
Thedriveroftheredcardiedonthespot.(正)
3.主谓不一致
Someone/Somebodythinkthatreadingshouldbeselective.(误)
Somethinkthatreadingshouldbeselective.(正)
Mysistergotothecinemaatleastonceaweek.(误)
Mysistergoestothecinemaatleastonceaweek.(正)
4.动词时态、语态的误用
Iwaswalkingalongtheroad,andtherearenotsomanycarsonthestreet.(误)
Iwaswalkingalongtheroadandtherewerenotsomanyvehiclesonthestreet.(正)
Wehavelittletimetoreadsomebookswhichweinterest.(误)
Wehavelittletimetoreadsomebooksinwhichweareinterested.(正)
Iamastudentwhohasstudyinginthecollegefortwoyears.(误)
Ihavebeenstudyinginthecollegefortwoyears(正)
5.词类混淆
Itismypointthatreadingmustbeselectively.(误)
Inmyopinion,readingmustbeselective.(正)
Honestissoimportantforeveryperson.(误)
Honestyissoimportantforeveryone.(正)
Theoldmanwashitbyacarwhenheacrossthestreet.(误)
Theoldmanwashitbyacarwhenhewascrossingthestreet.(正)
错误类型有以下几种:
1.主谓一致2.动词时态
3.动词语态:
主动/被动语态
4.连接词/并列句/从句
5.比较级
6.虚拟语气
7.非谓语动词
8.代词与先行词的一致
9.倒装句语序
10.赘述
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