字母及字母组合的读音.docx
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字母及字母组合的读音.docx
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字母及字母组合的读音
元音音素和辅音音素
1.元音音素表
单元音
(12个)
长
//////////
口型
不变
声带
振动
气流不
受阻碍
短
//////////////
双元音(8个)
////////////////
口型
变化
2.辅音音素表
清辅音(11个)
//////////////////////
声带
不振动
浊辅音(17个)
////////////////////
声带振动
//////////////
元音字母、辅音字母及其字母组合的读音规则一览表
1.元音字母及其字母组合在重读音节和非重读音节中的读音规则
字母
Stressed/Unstressed
Syllable
开/闭音节
音
标
例词及读音
备注
a
Stressed
Syllable
(重读
音节)
开音节
/e/
namegradedatefacepageracecagetableagecasechangeinformationnationplacelazystrange
例外have//
闭音节
//
backbankhandbadcanmapmatchlabsandatbagbattaxi
在//之后读//,如wash,what,want,watch,wallet;在d,ss,st,n,th,f之前读//,如:
pass,fast,father
其它
在n前
//
anymanyanythinganyoneanytime
//
answercan'tclassgrassdance
Unstressed
Syllable
(非重读
音节)
//
ChinaaboutChristmashusbandawaymachinebananaAmericabreakfastacrossCanadaagree
//
Villagecomradepalacemessageorange
e
Stressed
Syllable
开音节
//
weshehemethesebemedium
闭音节
/e/
redspendshelfneckpenbellbestbeddeskgetletpenredselltenwhenyesFrench
Unstressed
Syllable
//
Septemberopenmoment
problemstudent
//
cinemawomengeographyenjoy
erasertoiletvegetablebefore
i
Stressed
Syllable
开音节
//
hibikearrivelifelineside
outsidetigerdecideicelikenice
例外give,live//;police,machine//
闭音节
//
bigsixlistdigchickbringdidill
fifth
在以-ind,-ild结尾的词中读//,如:
mind,find,child
其它
在nd,ld,ght之前或词尾-ise,-ize中
//
kindfindbehindwildchildrightlightexerciseorganize
Unstressed
Syllable
//
holidaybeautifulpossible
horrible
//
familyevening
o
Stressed
Syllable
开音节
//
nohomeholejokesmokehopenoseagogonotebookphoto
例外do,who,shoe,tomb,move,lose,two读//;woman,wolf读//;在m,n,v,th之前读//,如:
sonsomelovemother,some,none等
闭音节
//
notboxtopknockfollowdoglongstopclockfromlostlotmomrockstoppop
在-st,-ld,-th,-mb,-old,-ost之前的词中读//,如:
hold,most,gold,old,both,clothes,comb,post等(另有:
does,colour,worry,dozen中读//)
Unstressed
Syllable
//
togetherhistorydevelope
u
Stressed
Syllable
开音节
//
studentexcuseusestudentdutycutehugemusicstudentunit
在l,r,j之后有时读//,如:
blue,true,June,ruler等
闭音节
//
busbutresultrushcutnutsunducktrucksummeruglydiscussfunnydrum
例外busy//;有时读//,如:
put,pull,full,push
Unstressed
Syllable
//
difficultautumnuntilmuseum
//
minute
ai/ay
Stressed
Syllable
/e/
staypayfailplayawaystraightrainsay
例外said/e/
Unstressed
Syllable
//
yesterdayMondaymountain
al
Stressed
Syllable
//
allchalksmalltallwallwalk
在l,k前度//,例外half//。
(在词中间)
//
alsoalwayssaltalreadyalthough
在词首
//
halfpalmcalm
在f,m前
are
Stressed
Syllable
//
carecarefulhare
au
Stressed
Syllable
//
autumndaughterAugustbecauseastronaut
Australiabecause中读//
例外restaurant//
//
auntlaugh
aw/augh
Stressed
Syllable
//
drawsawawful
daughtertaught
在字母t前
ea
Stressed
Syllable
//
easymeateateasteachseateameanpleaseteamteachercleanleafcream
//
breadsweateraheadheadmeantheavenheavybreakfastpleasantalreadydeadreadyinsteaddeathweatherbreathhealthtreasurepleasure
在-d,-th,-lth或-sure之前
//
idearealtheatrehearing
/e/
greatbreak
Stressed
Syllable
不发音
beautiful
其它
forehead(/'fɔrɪd/)
ee
Stressed
Syllable
//
seemeetbeenbeefasleepstreetweekagreegreenneedsee
eo
..
//
people
ei,ie,ey
Stressed
Syllable
//
fieldreceiveceiling
在c后
例外friend//;either//,height//.
//
liepietie
//
quietsciencescientificscientist
/e/
eightweighttheyheygrey
在gh前
Unstressed
Syllable
//
moneymonkeyjourneyvolleyball
ex
Stressed
Syllable
//
exerciseexcellent
Unstressed
Syllable
//
exampleexactexamination
后接元音
//
expensiveexplainexpect
expression
后接//音
//
excuseexceptexciting
后接辅音
其它
//
exhibtion
ew
Stressed
Syllable
//
fewknewnewsnewspapernephew
一般情况
/
threwdrewflewgrew
不规则动词过去式中
/
sew
个别词中
ear
Stressed
Syllable
//
earnearhearcleardearnearly
heart/ht/
//
wearpearbear
//
earlyearthlearnheard
ere
Stressed
Syllable
//
wherethere
//
here
ie
Stressed
Syllable
//
dielietie
在词尾
//
fieldpiecethiefbelievebrief
重读音节辅音字母前,例外(friendviewsciencequiet)
igh
Stressed
Syllable
//
lightfightrightsightseeing
oa
Stressed
Syllable
//
boatcoatsoapcoach
oi/oy
Stressed
Syllable
//
toiletnoiseboyjointoyenjoy
voice
oo
Stressed
Syllable
//
schooltoobroomfoodbroomroomtoothbootnoon
//
booklookgoodtookcookcookiewoolfootwoodclassroom
ou
Stressed
Syllable
//
houseblousetrousersshoutloudoutmountainfoundsoundaround
例外:
在ght或gh前bought,brought,ought,thought,cough//;
group,you,route,wounded,through//;shoulder,soul
//;
//
touchtroubleyoungcousin
country
Unstressed
Syllable
//
Anxiouscuriousdangerousfamousnervousfavourite
形容词词尾-ous中
augh
Stressed
Syllable
//
daughtertaughtcaught
ough
Stressed
Syllable
//
boughtfoughtthought
例外though//;
through//
oul
Stressed
Syllable
//
couldwouldshould
or
Stressed
Syllable
//
orforbornformnorthsport
morning
//
borrowforeignhorriblesorry
//
workworldworkshopworth
例外worry
Unstressed
Syllable
//
correctlyforgetinformation
ow
Stressed
Syllable
//
cowtownhowbrowndowncrowd
//
knowshowsnowrowfollowyellow
例外(非重度音节):
windowyellowfollow
ui
Stressed
Syllable
/
fruitjuice
//
suitcase
uy
Stressed
Syllable
//
buyguy
tion
Stressed
Syllable
/n/
stationdictionaryoperation
一般读/n/
Stressed
Syllable
/n/
question
在s后
2.–r音节在重度音节中的读音
音节
读音
例词
例外
备注(弱读音节)
ar
//
part,arthardmarketsmart
在//,//后读//
quarter,towards
读//:
sugar
dollararrive
air
//
pair,upstairhairairport
are
//
care
are//
er
//
German,termherperson
very//
读//:
weather
sisterworker
teacherdanger
ere
//
here
//
therewhere
eer
//
deerpioneerbeervolunteer
ear
//
clear,hear,dear,nearlynearbeard
heart//
//
earth,earlylearn
//
wear,pear,bear
eir
//
theirtheirs
ir
//
girl,dirtysirbird
ire
//
firetiredhire
or
//
horse,corner
在w后读//wordworldwork
读//:
visitor
actordoctor
inventor
oor
//
doorfloor
//
poor
ore
//
morebeforescorestore
our
//
course,fouryour
例外:
journey//;
tour//
//
our,hour
ur
//
burger,burk,durst,curlyturnnurse
currant//
读//:
surprise
ure
//
surepure
//
pleasurepicturetreasure
3.辅音字母及其字母组合的读音规则
字母
音标
例词及读音
例外
p
/p/
playcuppairpublic
b
/b/
broomtablebabybeside
t
/t/
taketalltelldutytexttest
多数情况下
//
pronunciationinternational
在-ion之前
//
questionfuturepicturelecture
在-ure之前或在s与-ion之间
/-/
Christmaslisten
d
/d/
deskbeddarkenddaycard
wooddangerdiscover
Wednesday/\/,soldier//
f
/f/
fivehalffactoryforeign
v
/v/
verygivevillagevoice
s
/z/
hisisdogsuse(v.)reasonisn’t
house(v.)socialism;thesevisit
pleasantbusypresent;sometimes
ourstowardshers
①元音或浊辅音后和m前;②在两个元音字母之间;③词尾
/s/
samehousesafesmellstudy
//
sureAsian
//
pleasureusualusuallytreasure
不发音
island
z
/z/
zerozoo
c
/k/
canpicturecardpicniccake
carefulcostcrossdiscuss
在a,o,u,l,r,t前,如:
callcutactpicturebecomeexcuseAmerican;在词首(后面不是字母e,i,y和h时)如:
capcleancock;在元音字母之后,且居词尾,如:
music
/s/
racecitynicepencildecideice
certaincigarettecinemacentral
在e,i,y前
//
musicianoffcialspecialocean
delicious
在ia之前或(有时)在e,i前
/ks/
acceptsucceedaccident
cc后接e,i
k
/k/
kitebikekillkitchen
g
/g/
goodbaggavegoodbyeguy
//
orangeagegeographygentle
j
//
jeepjumpjeans
h
/h/
havehelphappyhappenhundred
w
/w/
waywellwhilewhich
y
/j/
yesyoungyardyet
r
/r/
redrightratherreturn
l
/l/
lighthilllaterlucky
m
/m/
mapgamemindmiss
n
/n/
ninelinewinnarrownearly
neither
在/k/,//前读//:
thinkuncleEnglishmonkey
例外:
不发音autumn
ng
//
thingmorningsongwrong
/g/
singingstrongerlongestfinger
变比较级、最高级
/n/
dangerouspassenger
arrangement
sh
//
sheepwashroomshelffish
ch,tch
//
Chinawatchchangematch
machine//,sandwich//
//
Christmasschoolchemistry
ck
//
chickbackblackrock
dge
//
bridgefridge
gh
//
laughcoughroughenough
/-/
highflightlightbrighteight
neighbourhoodweighstraight
在i,ei,ai之后
thoughtfoughtboughtnought
caughttaughtdaughternaughty
在oug后或在au前不是l或dr时
kn
/n/
knockknifeknow
ph
/f/
phonephototelephone
th
//
thinkthreethrownorththankthing
//
therewiththoughratherneither
在代词、介词、连词中
ts
/ts/
boatsparentsbatshats
ds
/ds/
bedscardsgrades
tr
/tr/
treetrouserstraffictrue
dr
/dr/
dressdriverdrop
wr
/r/
writewrongwrote
wh
//
whitewhilewhichwhatwhenwherewhy
在字母I,a,e,y前
/h/
whowhomwhosewhole
在字母o前
cc
//
occuraccordingoccasion
/ks/
acceptsuccessaccident
在字母e,i前
x
/ks/
sixsixteen
/gz/
example
(注:
ar,er,ir,or,ur后接-r,按重读闭音节读。
如:
carry,nerry,mirror,sorry,borrow,tomorrow,hurry。
)
4.辅音字母+元音字母的发音情况
-ble
//
tableterrible
-dle
//
noodleneedle
-ge
//
cabbagebridgeporridge
-gu
//
guessguest
//
language
qu-
//
quickquiet例外:
queue//
re-
//
're'write're'marry're'build're'unite're'cycle
词首,表示“重新,再”时,单词有两个重音
//
re'ceivere'citere'fusere'lationre'pairre'peatre'portre'playre'turn
重音在第二个音节上
//
'r
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