初中英语英语阅读理解汇编解题技巧及练习题及解析.docx
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初中英语英语阅读理解汇编解题技巧及练习题及解析.docx
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初中英语英语阅读理解汇编解题技巧及练习题及解析
初中英语英语阅读理解汇编解题技巧及练习题及解析
一、中考英语阅读理解汇编
1.阅读理解
Whatisthesky?
Howhighisit?
Whatcolorisit?
Whatbirdscanliveaboveit?
Thesequestionsaredifficulttoanswer,aren'tthey?
Infact,theskyhasnocolor.Thenwhydoestheskylookblue?
Weknowthatthereisairaroundtheworld.Whenplanesfly,theyneedairtolifttheirwings.Planescan'tflyveryhigh.Thatisbecausetheairgetsthinnerwhentheygohigher.Thesamewillhappentousifwegohighenough.Ifwegoupabout1.200kilometersfromtheearth,we'llfindnoairthere.Somebirdscanflyintotheskyashighasaplane,buttheycannotflyorlivewithoutair.
Lookingupaboveus,youwillseetheblueskywithwhiteclouds.Itisusuallylightblue.Thecolorwouldbebluerwhenyouseeonthetopofahighmountain.Andyouwillseefewercloudsintheskybetweenyouandthesun.Sometimestheskydoesn'tlookblue.Whenthesunrisesandfalls,youwillseered,orange,andothercolorsinthesky.Sucharethemostbeautifulmomentsoftheday.
Whocanseethecolorsoftheskyhighabovetheearth?
Theastronauts!
Theycanseethosebeautifulcolorsoftheskyfromtheouterspace.However,beforeflyingintotheouterspace,theysitinaspaceshiphighabovetheearth,andthereisnoairatall.Theskywouldbethatdarkanditscolorwouldbeblack.
Nowyoumayunderstandthatweseecolorsbecausetheairscatters(使散射)thesunlight.Lighttravelsthroughtheair.Withoutair,therewouldbenocolors.
(1)Planescan'tflyashighaspossiblebecause .
A. theskyisblue
B. thewingsareheavier
C. theairbecomesthinner
D. theskyhasnoair
(2)Whenyoustandonthetopofahighmountain,youwillsee .
A. moreair
B. fewerclouds
C. morecolors
D. redderskies
(3)InSuining,wemightseemanycolorsintheskyatabout duringthedayinsummer.
A. 7:
00pm
B. 11:
00pm
C. 1:
00am
D. 3:
00am
(4)Theskychangescolorsbecause .
A. thesunlighthascolors
B. theairscattersthesunlight
C. it'scolorfulitself
D. theworldiscolorful
(5)Whichisthebesttitle(标题)?
A. Whydoestheskylookblue?
B. Whycan'tplanesflyveryhigh?
C. Whydoestheskychangecolors?
D. Whycantheastronautsseethecolorsofthesky?
【答案】
(1)C
(2)B
(3)A
(4)B
(5)C
【解析】【分析】短文大意:
这篇短文讲的是从地面看天空是蓝色的原因及从太空看天空的颜色是黑色。
(1)细节理解题。
根据Planescan'tflyveryhigh. Thatisbecausetheairgetsthinnerwhentheygohigher.飞机不能飞得很高,那是因为当飞机飞得更高时,空气会变稀薄。
可知,越高空气越稀薄,故选C。
(2)细节理解题。
根据Thecolorwouldbebluerwhenyouseeonthetopofahighmountain,Andyouwillseefewercloudsintheskybetweenyouandthesun. 当你在一座高山上看到的时候,颜色会更蓝,在你和太阳之间的天空中,你会看到更少的云。
可知,站在山顶上是你会看到更少的云。
故选B。
(3)推理判断题。
根据Whenthesunrisesandfalls,youwillseered,orange,andothercolorsinthesky,Sucharethemostbeautifulmomentsoftheday.当太阳升起的时候,你会发现在天空中,你会看到红色、橙色和其他颜色,这是一天中最美丽的时刻。
可知,7点太阳升起的时候是可以看到很多颜色。
故选A。
(4)细节理解题。
根据Nowyoumayunderstandthatweseecolorsbecausetheairscatters(使散射)thesunlight.现在你可以理解我们看到颜色是因为空气散射阳光,可知,太空改变颜色是因为空气散射阳光,故选B。
(5)主旨大意题。
根据Infact,theskyhasnocolor. Thenwhydoestheskylookblue?
事实上,天空没有颜色。
那为什么天空看起来是蓝色的呢?
及本文大意解释太空为什么看起来是蓝色的。
可以推测,本文最好的题目是为什么天空看起来是蓝色的?
故选C。
【点评】此题考查阅读理解。
这篇短文包括细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意题。
细节理解题可知直接从短文中找出问题答案。
对于推理判断题,可根据文章的细节进行推理判断,找出正确答案。
对于主旨大意题要根据文章的中心思想确定。
2.阅读理解
Likeyou,plantsneedgoodthingslikefood,water,andmineralsinordertogrow.Usuallytheygettheseimportantnutrients(营养)fromtherichsoil(土壤)inwhichthey'replanted.Butthere'sanotherwaytogrowplantsthatdoesn'tusesoil.It'scalledhydrogenicgardening.
"Hydrogenic"means"workingwithwater."Inahydrogenicgarden,plantsgrowwiththeirrootsinwater,notindirt.Thewaterisfilledwithspecialfoodfortheplantsthatgardenershavecarefullymeasuredandprepared.
Hydrogenicplantsgrowquickly.Inordinarygardens,plantsneedtimeandenergytogrowlongrootsthatsearchthesoilforfoodandwater.Inahydrogenicgarden,plantscanusetheirenergytogrowtallinstead.Andbecausethereisnosoil,therearenoweedsandfewinsectpests(害虫).Gardenersdon'tneedtospray(喷洒)plantswithdangerouschemicals.Boththeplantsandtheenvironmentstayhealthy.
Scientistshopethat,oneday,hydrogenicgardensmaybeabletohelphungrypeopleallovertheworldgrowenoughfood-evenincountriesthathavebadsoil,orweatherthatistoohot,toocold,ortoodry.AndastronautshopetotakehydrogenicgardenswiththemtothespaceshiptheyflytoMars,sothattheywillalwayshavefreshvegetables,andthefunofgrowingagardenwithoutdirt.
(1)What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword"dirt"inthesecondparagraph?
A. soil
B. water
C. insect
D. food
(2)WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A. Plantsneedwaterandothernutrientstogrow.
B. Therearenoweedsinhydrogenicgardens.
C. Hydrogenicplantscannotgrowintoohotweather.
D. Astronautshopetotakehydrogenicgardenstospace.
(3)What'sthepassageabout?
A. Plantgrowing.
B. Spacefarming.
C. Scientificwatering.
D. hydrogenicgardening.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)C
(3)D
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了氢化园艺。
(1)词义猜测题。
根据Inahydrogenicgarden,plantsgrowwiththeirrootsinwater在氢化花园中,植物的根在水中生长,通常植物生长在土里,故可知dirt是soil土壤的意思,故选A。
(2)细节题。
根据hydrogenicgardensmaybeabletohelphungrypeopleallovertheworldgrowenoughfood-evenincountriesthathavebadsoil,orweatherthatistoohot,toocold,ortoodry. 氢化花园也许能帮助全世界饥饿的人种植足够的食物——即使是在土壤不好、天气太热、太冷或太干燥的国家,可知氢化植物不能在太热的天气里生长是错的,故选C。
(3)主旨题。
根据全文描述可知本文介绍了氢化园艺,故选D。
【点评】考查阅读理解。
本文涉及细节题、推断题,和主旨题,细节题要注意从文中寻找答案;推断题需要联系上下文,推断出需要的信息,词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意。
3.阅读短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
HowMuchCanWeAffordtoForget?
In2018,Sciencemagazineaskedsomeyoungscientistswhatschoolsshouldteachstudents.Mostsaidstudentsshouldspendlesstimememorizingfactsandhavemorespaceforcreativeactivities.AstheInternetgrowsmorepowerful,studentscanaccess(获得)knowledgeeasily.Whyshouldtheyberequiredtocarrysomuchofitaroundintheirheads?
Civilizations(文明)developthroughforgettinglifeskillsthatwereoncenecessary.IntheAgricultural(农业的)Age,afarmercouldaffordtoforgethuntingskills.Whensocietiesindustrialized,theknowledgeoffarmingcouldbesafetoforget.Nowadays,smartmachinesgiveusaccesstomosthumanknowledge.Itseemsthatwenolongerneedtoremembermostthings.Doesitmatter?
Researchershaverecognizedseveralproblemsthatmayhappen.Forone,humanbeingshavebiases(偏见),andsmartmachinesarelikelytoincreaseourbiases.Manypeoplebelievesmartmachinesarenecessarilycorrectandobjective,butmachinesaretrainedthrougharepeatedtestingandscoringprocess.Intheprocess,humanbeingsstilldecideonthecorrectanswers.
Anotherproblemrelatestotheeaseofaccessinginformation.Whentherewerenocomputers,effortswererequiredtogetknowledgefromotherpeople,orgotothelibrary.Weknowwhatknowledgeliesinotherbrainsorbooks,andwhatliesinourheads.Buttoday,theInternetgivesustheinformationweneedquickly.Thiscanleadtothemistakenbelief—theknowledgewefoundwaspartofwhatweknewallalong.
Inanewcivilizationrichinmachineintelligence,wehaveeasyaccesstosmartmemorynetworkswhereinformationisstored.Butdependencyonanetworksuggestspossibilitiesofbeingharmedeasily.Thecollapseofanyofthenetworksofrelationsourwell-being(健康)dependsupon,suchasfoodandenergy,wouldproduceterribleresults.Withoutfoodwegethungry;withoutenergywefeelcold.Anditisthroughwidespreadlossofmemorythatcivilizationsareatriskoffallingintoadarkage.
Weforgetoldwaystofreeuptimeandspacefornewskills.Aslongastheolderformsofknowledgearestoredsomewhereinournetworks,andcanbefoundwhenweneedthem,perhapsthey'renotreallyforgotten.Still,astimegoeson,wegraduallybutunquestionablybecomestrangerstofuturepeople.
(1)Whyaresmartmachineslikelytoincreaseourbiases?
A. Becausetheygooffcourseintestingandscoring.
B. Becausewecontrolthetrainingprocessonthem.
C. Becauseweofferthemtoomuchinformation.
D. Becausetheyoverusetheprovidedanswers.
(2)TheeaseofaccessinginformationfromtheInternet________.
A. freesusfrommakingeffortstolearnnewskills
B. preventscivilizationsfrombeinglostatahighspeed
C. misleadsusintothinkingwealreadyknewtheknowledge
D. separatesthefactswehavefromthoseinthesmartmachines
(3)Theword"collapse"inParagraph5probablymeans"________".
A. asuddenfailure
B. thebasicrule
C. adisappointingstart
D. thegradualdevelopment
(4)Whatisthewriter'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?
A. Toquestionaboutthestandardsofinformationstorage.
B. Todiscussourproblemsofcommunicationwithmachines.
C. Tostresstheimportanceofimprovingourmemorizingability.
D. Toremindusoftheriskofdependingonmachinestoremember.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)A
(4)D
【解析】【分析】大意:
作者主要讲的是用机器记信息可能会产生的不良影响或后果。
(1)细节题。
根据Manypeoplebelievesmartmachinesarenecessarilycorrectandobjective,butmachinesaretrainedthrougharepeatedtestingandscoringprocess.Intheprocess,humanbeingsstilldecideonthecorrectanswers.机器人的程序是由人类编程的,人类控制它们的训练程序,故选B。
(2)细节题。
根据Thiscanleadtothemi
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