全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题校对版.docx
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全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题校对版.docx
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全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题校对版
2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语
(二)
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Beingagoodparentiswhateveryparentwouldliketobe.Butdefiningwhatitmeanstobeagoodparentisundoubtedlyvery1,particularlysincechildrenresponddifferentlytothesamestyleofparenting.Acalm,rule-followingchildmightrespondbettertoadifferentsortofparentingthan, 2 ,ayoungerone.
3 ,there'sanothersortofparentthat'seasierto 4 :
apatientparent.Childrenofeveryagebenefitfrompatientparenting.Still, 5 everyparentwouldliketobepatient,thisisnoeasy 6 .Sometimes,parentsgetexhaustedandareunabletomaintaina 7 stylewiththeirkids.Iunderstandthis.
You'reonlyhuman,andsometimesyourkidscan 8 youjustalittletoofar.Andthenthe 9 happens:
Youloseyourpatienceandeitherscreamatyourkidsorsaysomethingthatwastoo 10 anddoesnobodyanygood.Youwishthatyoucould 11 theclockandstartover.We'veallbeenthere.
12 ,eventhoughit'scommon,it'svitaltokeepinmindthatinasinglemomentoffatigue,youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumay 13 foralongtime.Thismaynotonlydodamagetoyourrelationshipwithyourchildbutalso 14 yourchild'sself-esteem.
Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour 15 withyourkids,thenyouaremodelingalackofemotionalcontrolforyourkids.Weareallbecomingincreasinglyawareofthe 16 ofmodelingpatiencefortheyoungergeneration.Thisisaskillthatwillhelpthemallthroughoutlife.Infact,theabilitytomaintainemotionalcontrolwhen 17 bystressisoneofthemostsignificantofalllife’sskills.
Certainly,it's 18 tomaintainpatienceatalltimeswithyourkids.Amorepracticalgoalistotrytobeascalmasyoucanwhenfacedwith 19 situationsinvolvingyourchildren.Icanpromiseyouthis:
Asaresultofworkingtowardthisgoal,youandyourchildrenwillbenefitand 20 fromstressfulmomentsfeelingbetterphysicallyandemotionally.
l.A.pleasantB.trickyC.tediousD.instructive
2.A.atonceB.inadditionC.forexampleD.byaccident
3.A.FortunatelyB.OccasionallyC.AccordinglyD.Eventually
4.A.amuseB.trainC.assistD.describe
5.A.onceB.becauseC.unlessD.while
6.A.choiceB.answerC.taskD.access
7.A.formalB.tolerantC.rigidD.critical
8.A.moveB.sendC.dragD.push
9.A.inevitableB.illogicalC.mysteriousD.suspicious
10.A.boringB.harshC.naiveD.vague
11.A.turnbackB.takeapartC.setasideD.coverup
12.A.OverallB.InsteadC.OtherwiseD.However
13.A.believeB.regretC.missD.like
14.A.justifyB.raiseC.affectD.reflect
15.A.bondB.timeC.raceD.cool
16.A.natureB.secretC.contextD.importance
17.A.confrontedB.defeatedC.cheatedD.confused
18.A.strangeB.terribleC.hardD.wrong
19.A.excitingB.tryingC.surprisingD.changing
20.A.withdrawB.hideC.emergeD.escape
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyattunedtosocialsignalsfromotherssotheycanidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthisextendstonon-livingbeings,LalehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsfromroboticrats.
Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat---onesocialandoneasocial---forfourdays. Therobotratswerequiteminimalist,resemblingachunkierversionofacomputermousewithwheelstomovearoundandcolorfulmarkings.
Duringtheexperiment,thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,playedwiththesametoys,andopenedcagedoorstolettrappedratsescape.Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetoside.
Next,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratstheopportunitytoreleasethembypressingalever.Across18trialseach,thelivingratswere52percentmorelikelyonaveragetosetthesocialrobotfreethantheasocialone.Thissuggeststhattheratsperceivedthesocialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing.Theymayhavebondedmorewiththesocialrobotbecauseitdisplayedbehaviorslikecommunalexploringandplaying.Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,saysQuinn.
"Ratshavebeenshowntoengageinmultipleformsofreciprocalhelpandcooperation,includingwhatisreferredtoasdirectreciprocity---wherearatwillhelpanotherratthathaspreviouslyhelpedthem,"saysQuinn.
Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenitsminimaldesign.Therobotwasthesamesizeasaregularratbutresembledasimpleplasticboxonwheels."We'dassumedwe'dhavetogiveitamovingheadandtail,facialfeatures,andputascentonittomakeitsmelllikearealrat,butthatwasn'tnecessary,"saysJanetWilesattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,whohelpedwiththeresearch.
Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsarctosocialcues,evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots.Similarly,childrentendtotreatrobotsasiftheyarefellowbeings,evenwhentheydisplayonlysimplesocialsignals."Wehumansseemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,"saysWiles.
21.Quinnandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifratscan.
A.pickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingrats
B.distinguishafriendlyratfromahostileone
C.attainsociabletraitsthroughspecialtraining
D.sendoutwarningmessagestotheirfellow
22.Whatdidtheasocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment?
A.Itfollowedthesocialrobot.
B.Itplayedwithsometoys.
C.Itsetthetrappedratsfree.
D.Itmovedaroundalone.
23.AccordingtoQuinn,theratsreleasedthesocialrobotbecausethey.
A.triedtopracticeameansofescape
B.expectedittodothesameinreturn
C.wantedtodisplaytheirintelligence
D.consideredthataninterestinggame
24.JamesWilesnotesthatrats.
A.canrememberotherrats'facialfeatures
B.differentiatesmellsbetterthansizes
C.respondmoretoactionsthantolooks
D.canbescaredbyaplasticboxonwheels
25.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatrats.
A.appeartobeadaptabletonewsurroundings
B.arcmoresociallyactivethanotheranimals
C.behavedifferentlyfromchildreninsocializing
D.aremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected
Text2
ItistruethatCEOpayhasgoneup---toponesmaymake300timesthepayoftypicalworkersonaverage,andsincethemid-1970s,CEOpayforlargepubliclytradedAmericancorporationshas,byvaryingestimates,goneupbyabout500%.ThetypicalCEOofatopAmericancorporationnowmakesabout$18.9millionayear.
ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpayisthatoflimitedCEOtalentinaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly.TheeffortsofAmerica'shighest-earning1%havebeenoneofthemoredynamicelementsoftheglobaleconomy.It’snotpopulartosay,butonereasontheirpayhasgoneupsomuchisthatCEOsreallyhaveuppedtheirgamerelativetomanyotherworkersintheU.S.economy.
Today’sCEO,atleastformajorAmericanfirms,musthavemanymoreskillsthansimplybeingableto"runthecompany”.CEOsmusthaveagoodsenseoffinancialmarketsandmaybeevenhowthecompanyshouldtradeinthem.Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors,asthecostsofevenaminorslipupcanbesignificant.Thenthere'sthefactthatlargeAmericancompaniesaremuchmoreglobalizedthaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspreadacrossalargernumberofcountries.Toleadinthatsystemrequiresknowledgethatisfairlymind-boggling.Plus,virtuallyallmajorAmericancompaniesarebecomingtechcompanies,oftenwiththeirownresearchanddevelopment.Andbeyondthis,majorCEOsstillhavetodoalltheday-to-dayworktheyhavealwaysdone.
ThecommonideathathighCEOpayismainlyaboutrippingpeopleoffdoesn'texplainhistoryverywell.Bymostmeasures,corporategovernancehasbecomealottighterandmorerigoroussincethe1970s.YetitisprincipallyduringthisperiodofstrongergovernancethatCEOpayhasbeenhighandrising.Thatsuggestsitisinthebroadercorporateinteresttorecruittopcandidatesforincreasinglytoughjobs.
Furthermore,thehighestCEOsalariesarepaidtooutsidecandidates,nottothecozyinsiderpicks,anothersignthathighCEOpayisnotsomekindofdepredationattheexpenseoftherestofthecompany.AndthestockmarketreactspositivelywhencompaniestieCEOpayto,say,stockprices,asignthatthosepracticesbuildupcorporatevaluenotjustfortheCEO.
26.WhichofthefollowinghascontributedtoCEOpayrise?
A.Closecooperationamongleadingeconomies
D.Thegrowthinthenumberofcorporations
C.Thegeneralpayrisewithabettereconomy
D.Increasedbusinessopportunitiesfortopfirms
27.Comparedwiththeirpredecessors,today’sCEOsarerequiredto.
A.operatemoreglobalizedcompanies
B.financemoreresearchanddevelopment
C.establishclosertieswithtechcompanies
D.fosterastrongersenseofteamwork
28.CEOpayhasbeenrisingsincethe1970s
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