欧文听课笔记.docx
- 文档编号:5914667
- 上传时间:2023-01-02
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:9
- 大小:27.42KB
欧文听课笔记.docx
《欧文听课笔记.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《欧文听课笔记.docx(9页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
欧文听课笔记
1.希腊罗马
Homer
Sappho Lyric poet
三大悲剧家:
Aeschylus
Sophocles
Euripides
喜剧家:
Aristophanes
历史学家:
Herodotus wrote about wars between Greeks and Persians Father of history
Thucydides wrote about wars between Athens and Sparta and Athens and Syracuse
the greatest historian that have ever lived
哲学和科学:
Pythagoras All things were numbers founder of scientific mathematics
Heracleitue Fire is the primary element
Democritus Materialist, one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory
Socrates Dissect of oneself, virtue was high worth of life, dialectical method
Plato Man have knowledge because of the existence of certain general ideas
Aristotle Direct observation, theory follow fact, idea and matter together made
concrete individual realities
Euclid
Archimedes when a body is immersed in water its loss of weight is equal to the
weight of the water displaced “Give me a place to stand and I’ll move
the World”
Others Diogenes (the Cynics) Pyrrhon(the Sceptics) Epicurus (the Epicureans) Zeno
(the Stoics)
4th century B.C.后半叶希腊在Alexander, king of Macedon的领导下,5th century B.C.达到顶峰,146 B.C.被罗马攻克
2.基督教和圣经
Jews—以前叫Hebrews,3800B.C.穿过中东沙漠,1300B.C.Moses带领Hebrews离开埃及,开始他们的Exodus,他在Sinai山定了ten commandments in the name of God,40年后Hebrews定居Pelestine, known as Canaan,Hebrew人的历史口头传送记入the old Testament, 6th century B.C.,他们在Babylon形成synagogue(忧太集会)来发扬他们的教义。
Jesus Christ生活在第一个罗马帝国Augustus, Emperor Constantine 1于313年宣布基督教合法,Emperor Theodosius于392年宣布基督教为国教。
Hebrew人的历史口头传送记入the old Testament,旧约包含39本书,写了从1000B.C.---100A.D.的事情,最重要的前五本是Pentateuch,旧约主要由Hebrew写成,the New Testment主要是Greek的形式,包含14本书,最古老的Latin Bible叫Vulgate,在1382年被John Wycliff翻译成了英语,Greek Bible叫Septuagint
3.中世纪
开始于476年西罗马帝国的衰败
5-11世纪
a period in which classical, Hebrew and Gothic heritage merged
1054,教堂分裂为the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church
反击Moslems,开始了Crusades
Charles Martel给士兵们estates known as fiefs in 732
St. Thomas Aquinas(Scholasticism)写了 Summa Theologica,这本书sums up all the knowledge of medieval theology他认为feudal hierarchy(层次,等级) of society is God’s rule The power of feudal rulers is God’s will Pope is Christ’s Plenipotentiary
Charlemagne and Alfred the Great encouraged learning by setting up monastery schools. They copied various ancient books and translated the Latin works into the venacular
Roger Bacon and Experimental Science
Dante(但丁)
Chaucer
4.文艺复兴与宗教改革
14th and 17th Century Starting in Florence and Venice
Boccaccio
Petrarch
文艺复兴早期的艺术家:
Giotto
Brunelleschi showed a systematic use of perspective
Donatello
Giorgione
意大利文艺复兴全盛时期的四位艺术家:
Da Vinci
Michelangelo
Raphael Known for his
Titian Oil color the most prolific of the great Venetian painters of Western World
Pre-Luther Religious Reformers
John Wycliffe chief forerunner of the reformation, took up the translation of the Bible into English for the first time in 1382
Jan Hus Czech Religious leader
John Calvin
Rabelais
Ronsard Pleiade七星诗社代表人
Montaigne
Cervantes
Thomas More
Shakespeare 作品包括<<哈姆雷特>><<麦克白>><<奥瑟罗>><<李尔王>><<威尼斯商人>><<第十二夜>><<皆大欢喜>><<罗密欧与朱丽叶>><<安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉>><<亨利四世>><<亨利五世>> crowned literature of England 代表欧洲文艺复兴的最高成就
Copernicus The father of modern astronomy 现代天文学之父
Vesalius
Aldus Manutius foremost printer in Italy
Machiavelli Father of political science
Vosari
1492, Columbus发现了America
1487,Dias发现了the cape of good hope
1497,da Gama发现了the route to India round the Cape of Good Hope
5. 17世纪
Copernicus
Kepler Kepler’s Law (the three laws of planetary motion)德 国 the three laws formed the basis of all modern planetary astronomy and led to Newton’s discovery of the laws of gravitation
Galileo
Newton
Leibniz
self-conscious(自我意识)conscious(意识)unconscious/subconscious (潜意识)他和牛顿都是caculus的创始人
Milton Areopagitica,
Bacon
Hobbes
Locke
英国在英国革命中有两个领袖,Cromwell 和John Milton
Cromwell the man of action
John Milton the man of thought
Descartes 笛卡尔
Corneille 高乃依
Racine
Moliere
很多科学器械在被发明:
microscope, telescope, thermometer, barometer, pendulum
1689,the Bill of Rights建立了the Parliament至高无上的权利
法国最著名的建筑:
Palace of Versailles Garden Front
East Front of the Louvre
英国最著名建筑:
St. Paul’s Cathedral
6.启蒙运动 the age of reason
18th century intellectual movement starting from France
the most important forerunners of the enlightenment were two 17th century Englishmen John Locke and Issac Newton.Locke’s materialist theory and Newton’s theory of gravitation
Major force of the enlightenment is French Philosophes
18世纪两大著名运动:
The American War of Independence(1776)ended British colonial rule over the U.S.
The French Revolution(1789)ended the French Monarchy and the first French Republic was born in 1792
French Philosophy and Literature
Montesquieu
法国启蒙运动的先驱
Voltaire
Rousseau
Diderot
English Literature
Pope spokesman in verse of the Age of Reason, translation of Homer, good at heroic couplet 擅长英雄双韵体
Defoe one of the greatest fiction writer of the 18th century England
Swift the foremost satirist in the English language and one of the satiric masters of all time
Henry Fielding Father of the English novel
Samuel Richardson The founder of English domestic novel
18世纪英国文学最著名的期刊 The Tatler 和 The Spectator, Addison 和 Steele经常在上面写文章
German Literature and Philosophy
Lessing
Goethe Apprenticeship/Travels> the Greatest German Poets Schiller a founder of modern German literature Kant Waterhead of modern philosophy Propose the nebular hypothesis History of Nature and Theory of the Heavens> reason> The Musical Enlightenment J. S. Bach Christianity Major musicians of the musical Enlightenment Handel 亨德尔 Bach and Handel showed the world Baroque musical architecture at its imposing best The Baroque period was followed by the Classical Period, roughly between 1750 and 1820 Haydn Mozart Beethoven occupy a Pivotal position, leaning in much of his work towards the Romantic Movement in Music 7. 浪漫主义 Romanticism late 18th and early 19th century starting from the ideas of Rouseau in France and from the Storm and Stress Movement in Germany The enlightenment brought about two revolutions and they caused Romanticism to rise: the French Revolution and the Industrial revolution New economic ideas were put forward by Adam Smith in his book
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 欧文 听课 笔记