六级英语词汇整理.docx
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六级英语词汇整理.docx
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六级英语词汇整理
【英语词汇整理】
FundamentalMedicalCourses基础医学课程
Biology
Physiology
Biochemistry,PhysicalChemistry,
Organicchemistry/inorganicchemistry,
Anatomy
(SystematicAnatomyandRegionalAnatomy)
Microbiology
Parasitology
Histoembryology
Pharmacology
Genetics
Pathology(Pathophysiology/Pathoanatomy)
MedicalPsychology
MedicalEthics
ClinicalMedicalCourses临床医学课程
Diagnostics
Generalsurgery
InternalMedicine
Obstetricsandgynecology
Pediatrics
Imageology
TraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)
Nursingscience
(1)Unusualbleedingandthegrowthoflumpsinthewombarethetwospecialsignsofcancerofthewomb.
(2)Abnormalhemorrhageandtumorousenlargementoftheuterusarethetwocharacteristicfeaturesofcarcinomaoftheendometrium.
WordsrelatedtomedicineingeneralEnglish
hand,foot,arm,ear,eye,bone,heart
windpipe/trachea(气管)
whooping-cough/pertussis(百日咳)
pinkeye/epidemicconjunctivitis(结膜炎)
athlete’sfoot/tineapedis(脚癣)
lockjaw/tetanus(破伤风)
piles/hemorrhoids(痔疮)
fits/convulsion(惊厥)
chilblain/erythemapernio(冻疮)
AmphibiousWords
resistance抵抗力
tolerance耐受性
rejection排异
incubation潜伏期
rupture疝
abortion流产
angry(患处)肿痛发炎的
carrier带菌者
attack(疾病)侵袭,发作
administration(药的)服法,用法
appendix阑尾
Wordsfromotherlanguages
1.MedicalwordsfromLatin:
Acute急性
Cell细胞
Cortex皮层
cutis(皮)aorta(主动脉)
cervix(颈)sinus(窦)
bronchus(支气管)os(骨)
abdomen(腹)membrane(膜)
vertebra(椎骨)cartilage(软骨)
2.MedicalwordsfromGreek:
colon:
(largeintestine,food,meat)结肠
coma:
(deepsleep)昏迷
pneumonia:
(inflammationofthelungs)肺炎
psychology:
心理学
Moreexamples:
stoma(口,小孔)soma(身体,躯干)
glottis(声门)aden(腺)
derma(真皮)larynx(喉)
nephron(肾单位)rachis(脊柱)
pharynx(咽)phalanx(指骨)
3.MedicalwordsfromFrench:
malaise(不适)
faint(虚弱;昏厥)
disease(疾病)
bruit(杂音)
massage(按摩)
4.MedicalwordsfromItalian:
influenza(流感)
malaria(疟疾)
quarantine(检疫,隔离)
5.MedicalwordsfromSpanish:
mosquito(蚊)
quinine(奎宁)
6.MedicalwordsfromGerman
chemotherapy(化疗)
chromosome(染色体)
neuron(神经元)
Newwordscreatedaccordingtoneed
antibiotic(抗生素)
electrocardiogram(心电图)
AIDS(爱滋病)
SARS(非典型性肺炎)
Alzheimer’sdisease(早老性痴呆症)
Parkinson’sdisease(帕金森病)
SynonymousPhenomenonofMedicalTerms
同义现象的医学术语
人体部位
英语
拉丁词根
希腊词根
体
body
corporo-
somato-/-some
头
head
capito-
cephalo-
心
heart
cordi-
cardio-
手
hand
mano-/manu-
cheiro-
手指
finger
digito-
dactylo-
血管
vessel
vaso-
angio-
静脉
vein
veno-
phlebo-
鼻子
nose
naso-
rhino-
胸
chest
pecto-
thoraco-
腹
belly
abdomino-
ventro-
脊柱
backbone
spino-
spondylo-
脑
brain
cerebro-
encephalo-
ThePluralformsofsomemedicalwords
复数形式的一些医学词汇
Somewordsmayhaveonlytheforeignpluralformforexample,bacillus→bacilli,ovum→ova
somemayhaveonlytheregularform,forexample,virus→viruses,antibody→antibodies,electron→electrons.
Manyhavebothforms,forexample,vertebra→vertebras,vertebrae,matrix→matrixes,matrices
特殊单复数词尾变化规律
1)a----ae
e.g.aorta----aortae主动脉
pleura----pleurae胸膜
2)us----i
e.g.coccus----cocci球菌
bacillus-----bacilli杆菌
3)um----a
e.g.serum----sera(serums)血清
bacterium----bacteria细菌
4)on----a
e.g.phenomenon----phenomena现象
criterion----criteria标准,条件
5)is----es
e.g.crisis----crises危象
analysis----analyses分析
6)ma----mata
e.g.trauma----traumata创伤
haematoma----haematomata血肿
7)men----mina
e.g.lumen----lumina(管)腔
abdomen----abdomina腹
8)元音+x----元音+ces
e.g.cortex----cortices皮质
appendix----appendices阑尾
thorax----thoraces胸廓
辅音+x----辅音+ges
e.g.pharynx----pharynges咽
larynx----larynges喉
Word-formationinMedicalTerminology
医学术语构词
Affixation:
(词缀法)
Composition
(复合法)
Conversion
(转换法)
Blending
(拼缀法)
Backformation
(逆生法)
Clipping
(截短法)
Acronym
(首字母简略法)
Combiningvowel结合型
Greeksource
(1)-o-cardi+o→cardio-o+logy→-ology
(2)-a-par+a→para-
(3)-y-brad+y→brady-pol+y→poly-
Latinsource
-i-
mult+i→multi-
i+cide→-icide
ov+i→ovi-
e.g.neur/o/psych/o/pathy(神经精神性疾病)
gastr/o/enter/itis(胃肠炎)
germ/i/cide(杀菌剂)
dent/i/form(牙形的)
par/a/thyroid(甲状旁腺)
hyper/chlor/emia(高氯血)
peri/card/itis(心包炎)
Thefollowingpatternsaretypicalofaffixation:
1.prefix+root
e.g.inject:
in-(into)+jec(t)-(tothrow),putmaterialintoaparticularlocation,oftenusingasyringe
2.prefix+combiningvowel+root
e.g.ectoderm:
ect-(outside)+derm-(skin),theouterlayeroftheembryo
3.root+suffix
e.g.stasis:
sta-(tostand)+-sis(aconditionof),slowingoffluidmovement
4.root+combiningvowel+suffix
e.g.sclerosis:
scler-(toharden)+-sis(aconditionof),hardeningorstiffeningofatissue.
5.prefix+root+suffix
e.g.perirenal:
peri-(around)+ren-(kidney)+-al(pertainingto),locatedaroundthekidney
6.prefix+root+combiningvowel+suffix
e.g.synarthrosis:
syn-(together)+arthr-(joint)+-sis(aconditionof),immobilizationofajointbyfusion(不动关节)
7.prefx+prefix+root+combiningvowel+suffix
e.g.contraindication:
contra-(against)+in-(toward)+dic(t)-(tospeak)+-tion(theactionorprocessinvolved),aconditionthatprecludesusingadrug(禁忌症)
8.root+root+suffix
e.g.sialadenitis:
sial-(saliva)+aden-(gland)+-itis(aninflammatorycondition),inflammationofasalivarygland(涎腺炎)
9.root+combiningvowel+root+suffix
e.g.hemophilia:
hemo-(blood)+phil-(beloved,loving)+-ia(pathologicalorabnormalcondition),anyofseveralhereditaryblood-coagulationdisorders
10.prefix+root+root+suffix
e.g.hyperglycemia:
hyper-(excessive)+glyc-(sweet)+(h)em-(blood)+-ia(condition),thepresenceofanabnormallyhighconcentrationofglucoseintheblood
BasicsofMedicalWordFormation
医学派生词前缀的来源及其特点
介词
希腊语前缀及例词
拉丁语前缀及例词
after
meta-
(metatarsal)
post-
(post-mortem)
before
pro-
(prognosis)
ante-
(antenatal)
inside
endo-
(endocrine)
intra-
(intravenous)
outside
ecto-
(ectoplasm)
extra-
(extramural)
in,into
en-,em-
(endemic)
in-im-
(insert)
outof
ex-,exo-
(exocrine)
ex-
(excision)
below(under)
hypo-
(hypothermia)
sub-
(subacute)
above(over)
hyper-
(hypertension)
super-
supra-
(superacidity)(suprarenal)
against
anti-
(antibiotic)
contra-
(contradict)
togetherwith
syn-,sym-
(syndrome)
con-com-
(concentrate)
across
dia-
(diarrhea)
trans-
(transmit)
BasicsofMedicalWordFormation医学派生词后缀的特定意义
1.
–itis(发炎)
arthritis(关节炎)
2.
–oma(瘤)
lipoma(脂肪瘤)
3.
–ia(状态)
nephralgia(肾痛)
4.
–osis(不正常状态)
hepatosis(肝病)
5.
–oid(类似)
nephroid(类似肾脏的)
6.
–algia(痛)
hepatalgia(肝痛)
7.
–tomy(切开术)
nephrotomy(肾切开术)
8.
–ectomy(切除术)
hepatectomy(肝切除术)
9.
–pathy(病)
nephropathy(肾脏疾病)
10.
–scope(检查镜)
bronchoscope(支气管镜)
Acronyms缩写
CT(computerizedtomography)
RBC(redbloodcell)
C.C(chiefcomplain)
BMR(basalmetabolicrate)
B.P(bloodpressure)
G.P(generalpractitioner)
N.P(nursepractitioner)
TB(tuberculosis)
OD(overdose)
IV(intravenous)
NP(neuropsychiatry)
a.c.(antecibum=beforemeal)
p.c.(postcibum=aftermeal)
b.i.d(bisindie=twiceaday)
t.i.d(terindie=threetimesaday)
q.i.d(quarterindie=fourtimesaday)
b.i.n(bisinnocte=twiceanight)
O.D(oculusdexter=righteye)
O.S(oculussinister=lefteye)
p.r.n(prorenata=asneeded)
q.h(quaquehora=everyhour)
q.m(quaquemane=everymorning)
q.n(quaquenocte=everynight)
Unit1Holism
Word-Formation
homeo-
相同,象;同一,同
(homeostasis)
hypno-
睡眠
(hypnosis/hypnotic/hypnotherapy)
psych/o
心理,精神
(psychotherapy)
ovari/o-
卵巢
(ovarian)
splen/o
脾
(spleen)
leuk/o
白
(leukemia)
lymph/o
淋巴
(lymphoma)
melan/o
黑色
(melanoma)
onco-
瘤,肿
(oncology)
anti-
抗,防止
(antioxidant)
tox/o
毒,毒素
(genotoxic)
intra-
内,内部的
(intravenous)
crani/o
颅骨
(craniosacral)
-ic
…的
(psychosomatic)
-iatry
医疗术,医治法
(psychiatry)
diet
饮食
(dietitian)
chemo-
化学
(chemotherapy)
oxy-
氧,氧化
(antioxidant)
ven/o-,ven/i-
静脉
(venous)
-stasis
停滞,淤积
(homeostasis)
-osis
状态,病态,病症
(hypnosis)
-therapy
治疗
(chemotherapy)
-emia
血症
(leukemia)
-oma
肿瘤
(melanoma)
-logy
学科,研究
(oncology)
-ant
…剂
(antioxidant)
-ous
…的,有…的,分泌…的
(venous)
Unit2MusculoskeletalSystem
WordFormation
muscul/o
肌肉
(musculoskeletal,musculotendinous)
cardi/o
心脏
(cardiac,cardiovascular)
tend/o,tendin/o
腱
(tendon)
quadri-
四
(quadriceps)
trans-
横跨,越过,在…的另一边
(transverse)
vas/o
管,血管
(cardiovascular)
-ac
…的
(cardiac)
-al
…的
(visceral)
Unit3ervousSystem
neur/o-
神经
(neuron,neurofibril)
necle/o
核
(nucleus)
gangli/o-,
ganglion/o-
神经节
(ganglia)
gli/o-
胶,胶质
(neuroglia)
peri-
周,周围
(peripheral)
-tic
…的
(sympathetic,
antagonistic)
-ic
…的
(preganglionic)
-atic…
的
(plasmatic)
spin/o-
脊柱
(spinal,spine)
micro-
小,微,细
(microtubule)
cerebr/o-
脑
(cerebrum,cerebral)
crani/o-
颅骨
(cranial)
para-
周,旁,副;异常
(parasympathetic)
pre-
在前
(preganglionic)
post-
在后
(postganglionic)
enter/o-
肠
(enteric)
dendr/o-,dendri-
树
(dendritic)
axo-
轴,轴突
(axon)
medull/o
髓质
(medulla)
cyt/o,-cyte
细胞
(cytoplasm)
mito-
线
(mitochondrial)
-ule
(使小后缀)
(spinule,tubule)
fibr/o-
纤维
(neurofibril)
Unit4
TheCirculatorySystem
atri/o-
房
(atrium)
ventricul/o-
室
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