刘二朋开题报告.docx
- 文档编号:5974258
- 上传时间:2023-01-02
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:13
- 大小:89.15KB
刘二朋开题报告.docx
《刘二朋开题报告.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《刘二朋开题报告.docx(13页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
刘二朋开题报告
学号:
20095061501
本科毕业论文
学院外国语学院
专业英语
年级2009级
姓名
论文题目OnthedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinese
humorexpressions
指导教师王艳职称讲师
2013年3月6日
信阳师范学院本科学生毕业论文(设计)开题报告
姓名
性别
学号
专业
年级
男
20095061501
英语
2009级
题
目
OnthedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinesehumorexpressions
选
题
的
意
义
Humorplaysasignificantroleinpeoplesdailylife.Itcanmakeushappyandreliveouranxietyandstress.Itisjustbecauseofitsfunctionsthathumoriswidelyusedinmanyaspects.However,duetodifferentcultures,ChinesehumorisdifferentfromEnglishhumor,whatisthoughtfunnyinourcountrymightbeconsiderednonsenseorevenmisunderstoodinanothercountry.Thusweneedtoknowthedifferencessoastounderstandthehumorbetter.
选
题
的
主
要
内
容
及
思
路
Byusingthecomparativeanddescriptiveapproaches,thisessaycomparesthedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishhumorandanalysesthecausesandshowsthatChinesehumordiffersfromEnglishhumorinmanyaspectssuchasorigin,style,content,function,skillsandtechnique,thewayofproducing.Differentvalues,differentwaysofthinking,differentideologyandculturebackgroundallaccountforthesedifferences.
指
导
教
师
意
见
指导教师签名:
年月日
学
院
意
见
学院领导签名:
年月日
Contents
Abstract1
Keywords1
摘要1
关键词1
1.IntroductionofContext1
1.1Thedefinitionofcontext1
1.2Historyofstudiesoncontext2
1.3FunctionofContext3
1.3.1RestrictiveFunction4
1.3.2InterpretativeFunction.6
2.ClassificationofContextanditsinfluenceonthemeaningofwords6
2.1LinguisticContext6
2.2PhysicalContext9
2.3CulturalContext10
3.ContextandEnglishTeaching12
3.1Thelanguagecontextmustbereal12
3.2Thelanguagecontextmustberelevant12
3.3Thelanguagecontextmustbedefinite13
3.4Thelanguagecontextmustbehelpfulindevelopingthestudents'creativity13
4.Conclusion13
Bibliography14
ResearchonContextandItsImplicationforEnglishTeaching
Name:
WangTongzhenNumber:
20065061113
Major:
EnglishFaculty:
SchoolofForeignLanguage
Supervisor:
SunYuanyuanTitle:
Instructor
Abstract:
Thispaperaimstointroducetherelationshipbetweencontextandmeaning,anditsusinginEnglishstudyandteaching.Inthispaperwehaveintroducedthedefinitionofcontext,thehistoryofcontextandthefunctionandclassificationofcontext.Andinthispaperalsohassomeexamplestoillustratethewordsandphraseshavedifferentmeaningsindifferentcontexts.
Keywords:
context;meaning;relationshipbetweencontextandmeaning
摘要:
本文的目的是介绍语境与语义的关系,以及在英语教学中的学习和应用。
在文章里阐述了语境的定义,语境的发展史以及对语境的功能和分类的介绍并通过举例子阐述了语境与语义的关系,说明不同语境对词语的翻译的影响。
关键词:
语境;语义;语境和语义的关系
Manytheoristsallbelievethatcontextplaysanimportantroleinhumancommunication.Contextisthemostimportantfactorinalltranslation,andhasprimaryoveranyrule,theoryorprimarymeaning.
1.IntroductionofContext
1.1 TheDefinitionofcontext
Contextisdefinedasaunityofsharedknowledgewhichaffectsacertainlinguisticeventinlinguisticcommunication
LongmanDictionaryinLinguisticsdefinesitasmessageexistingbeforeandaftertheword,phrase,utterance,andtextunderdiscussion;itishelpfultotheunderstandingofthespecificmeaningoftheword,phrase,utterance,andtext.
Contextsarealignmentsofrealityalongfivedifferentaxes:
linguistic,situational,interactional,cultural,andintertextual.Becauselanguageisattheintersectionoftheindividualandthesocial,itbothreflectsandconstruesthesocialrealitycalled‘context’.
Contextisthematrixcreatedbylanguageasdiscourseandasaformofsocialpractice.
Contextshouldbeviewednotasanaturalgiven,butasasocialconstruct,theproductoflinguisticchoicesmadebytwoormoreindividualsinteractingthroughlanguage.Broadly,theterm“context”referstoallthedifferentsituationsinvolvedinlanguagecommunication.
Contextconsistsofanyelementsinvokedbyanyparticipants,andconsequently‘participants’conceptionsofeachother’smentalcontextsmaybewrongor,morelikely,onlypartiallyright…anyphysicalsetofcircumstancescouldlenditselftoaninfinityofpossiblesharedconceptionsandrelevance.
Contextisnotsimplyreferredtotheprecedinglinguistictext,ortheenvironmentinwhichtheutterancetakesplace,butthesetofassumptionsbroughttobearattheintendedinterpretation.
Contextconnectswithoneofthekeyproblemsininterpretation:
recognizingtheculturalrelationshipsbetweenwhatisreferredto,aswellasthelinguisticrelationshipsbetweenelementsinthelinguisticsystem.
1.2 Historyofstudiesoncontext
Forthepastthirtyyearsatleast,appliedlinguisticandteachersofEnglishhavetalkedabouttheimportanceof“understandinglanguageincontext”.Itisoftenunclearwhatismeantby‘context’.Inthe1960s,thefashionwastoconstructtaxonomiesofexternalfeaturesofcontext(suchasspeaker,hearer,placeandtimeofutterance,genre,etc).Morerecentlyappliedlinguistshaveturnedtothelatertheorieswhichhaveattemptedtoshowhowfeaturescontributetounderstandinglanguage.Asfarastheimportanceofcontextinactuallanguageuseisconcerned,LondonSchoolinitiallymadeanexpositionthatlanguageactivitiesofhumanbeingsarecomposedofsubstance(i.e.soundsandwrittenlanguagesigns),form(i.e.meaningfulstructureconstitutedofsoundsandwrittenlanguagesigns),andsituation(i.e.variouselementsoutsidelanguageactivities),fromwhichwegetitclearthatthemeaningoflanguagedependsnotonlyonlexiconandgrammarbutoncertainlanguageenvironment.
Firth,suggeststhatcontextcontainsnotonlylinguisticco-textbutalsocontextofsituation.Hewasthefirsttoincludeinthecontext‘notonlyspokenwords,butfacialexpression,gestures,bodilyactivities,thewholegroupofpeoplepresentduringexchangeofutterancesandthepartoftheenvironmentinwhichthesepeopleareengaged,andtocallthetotalityofthesefactors‘contextofsituation’.Generally,Firthdefinescontextofsituationasincludingtheentireculturalsettingofspeechandthepersonalhistoryoftheparticipantsratherthanassimplythecontextofhumanactivitygoingonatthemoment.Indetail,itfirstincludedtheevent,theparticipantsaswellastheinterrelationshipbetweenthem,butlaterhealsoaddedthefactorsineconomics,religion,socialstructure,utterancetypeandfunction,etc.Itcouldnowincludeparticipantsinspeechevents,theactiontakingplace,otherrelevantfeaturesofthesituationandtheeffectsoftheverbalaction.Thesevariablesareamenabletolinguisticanalysisandarethereforeusefulinmakingstatementsaboutmeaning.Thesituationalapproachrequiresthatweanalyzethetypicalspeechsituationsasfollows:
1.Interiorrelationsofthetextitself
(a)Syntagmaticrelationsbetweenelementsofstructureconsideredatthevariouslevelsofanalysis;
(b)Paradigmaticrelationsoftermsorunitsthatcommutewithinsystemstogivevaluestotheelementsofstructure.
2.Interiorrelationswithinthecontextofsituation
(a)Thetextinrelationtothenonverbalconstitutes,withitstotaleffectiveorcreativeresult;
(b)Analyticrelationsbetween“bits”and“pieces”ofthetext(words,partsofwords,phrases)andspecialconstituentswithinthesituation(items,objects,persons,personalities,events).
1.3FunctionofContext
JapanesescholarXiZhenguangzhengpointsoutinhisarticleContextandLanguageStudythatcontexthaseightfunctions,i.e.Absolutefunction,restrictivefunction,interpretativefunction,designfunction,filteringandsupplementaryfunction,generativefunction,transformativefunctionandacquisitivefunction.Asamatteroffact,thebasicfunctionsofcontextareconsideredtoberestrictiveandinterpretativefunctionsfromwhichtheotherfunctionsarederived.
1.3.1RestrictiveFunction
Restrictivefunctioncanbebrieflydefinedasinfluenceofcontextuponthelinguisticapplicationandstudy.Itisthisfunctionthatassistsinselectingappropriateexpressionsaccordingtospecificcontextincommunication.Forexample,allthefollowingsentencesbeusedtoinquirethetime.
a)Excuseme,couldyoutellmetherighttime,please?
b)Whattimeisit,please?
c)What’sthetime?
d)Howmuchlongerhavewegot?
However,theyareemployedinavarietyofcontexts.Sentencea)soundsratherformal.Itcanbeusedbetweenstrangersinsteadofintimatecouple.Similarly,sentenced)canbeusedbetweenpeoplewholivetogether,butitcertainlyturnsouttobeimproperwhenusedbetweenthesuperiorandthesubordinate.Ofcourse,therestrictivefunctionofcontextisnotabsolute.Chancesarethatthecontextualconstraintincommunicationwillbebroken,whichwillgiverisetolicenseofcontext.
Thespecificationofcontext(whetherlinguisticornon-linguistic)hastheeffectofnarrowingdownthecommunicativepossibilitiesofthemessage.Therestrictivefunctionisshowninthreeaspects.
1.EliminatingAmbiguities
Contexteliminatescertainambiguitiesormultiplemeaningsinthemessage.Ambiguitiesconsistoflexicalambiguityandsyntacticambiguity.LexicalambiguityismainlycausedbythephenomenonofpolysemyinEnglish.Inordertodeterminetheirexclusivemeanings,wordcollocationsareoftentakenintoaccountincomprehendingthediscourseandselectingtheequivalents.Thatistosay,themeaningofthewordsisusuallyinterpretedaccordingtoitshabitualcollocationwithotherwordsinvariousspecificcontexts.Forexample:
Inathree-wordsentence“passtheport”,“port”isambiguous.Withoutcontext,weare
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 刘二朋 开题 报告