中考微资料三.docx
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中考微资料三.docx
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中考微资料三
动词时态讲与练
(二)
(四).一般过去时
时间状语(时态标志)
A:
yesterday+一天三段
B:
last+时间名词
C:
一段时间+ago
D:
thedaybeforeyesterday/theweekbeforelast/themonth…/theyear
E:
justnow,inthepast,theotherday
F.说话时已过去的年,月,日,时刻.
用法
1.表示说话时已发生过了的动作或状态。
Igotupatsixthismorning.
TheyvisitedthefactorylastMonday.
Shewasintheparkthedaybeforeyesterday.
注意1.I_____________(know)youarehere.
2.I____________(forget)mypen.
3.Pleasesayitagain.I_____________(nothear)clearly.
2.表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作句中常有频率副词或“every+时间名词”。
Hewentforawalkeverydaylastyear.
Weoftenplayedgameswhenwewereyoung.
区别He_______(watch)TVeveryevening.
We____(eat)noodleseveryeveninglastmonth.
Sheoften______(make)mistakesbeforeshecamehere
Theboyusually_______(take)abustoschool.
思考----变下列为否定和一般疑问句
Thereweremanytreesheretwoyearsago.
__________________________________________________________________
Webroughtthedoghere.
________________________________________________________________
Heenjoyedhimselfattheparty.
_________________________________________________________________
扩展
Shedoeseyeexerciseseveryafternoon.
_____________________________________________________________
Theydidagreatjob.
______________________________________________________________
Lileiputthebookhere.
_________________________________________________________
Theycutmanytrees.
__________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
类似的有:
let,hurt,cost,read;
1.Hermother______(make)somecakeslastnight.
2.They______(visit)themuseumtwoweeksago.
3.I________(notsee)himjustnow.
4.______you_____(do)yourhomeworklastnight?
5.Theteacher_______(keep)himatschoollastMondaybecausehe___________(notfinish)hiswork.
6.—Where_______he_________(buy)thecoat?
--He________(buy)itinHongKongwhenwe_______(go)therein2005.
7.There______(be)notreesonthehill10yearsago.
8.Hegotuplatethatmorning.Sohe_____________(nothave)timetoeatbreakfast.
(五).现在完成时
时间状语(时态标志)
A.already,yet,never,ever,just,before等。
B.sofar(到现在为止),lately/recently(最近)inthelast/pastfew+时间名词
upto/till/untilnow直到现在,
C.for+段时间;since+过去点时间,等。
用法
1.表示过去已发生的动作,其结果对现在仍造成影响.
=过去时动作+现在时状态。
常与A类时间连用
Hehascomeherealready.
=Hecamehereinthepast.Andheisstillherenow.
Ihaveseenthemoviebefore.
=Isawthemoviesometimeago.AndIstillknowwhat’sthemovieabout.
Hisfatherhasjustcomeback.
IhavenevervisitedBeijing.
Haveyoueverriddenamoterbike?
Theyhavealreadyfinishedthework.
Theyhaven’tfinishedtheworkyet.
2.表示过去多次动作的总和或所达到的量.常与B类的时间或C类的“since”li连用
Ihavereadthebooktwicerecently.
Wehavelearned1,000wordsuptonow.
Sofar,he___________(make)10mistakes.
Ourteam_________(have)5matcheslately.
Theteacher_________(talk)tohim4timessincelastweek.
3.在下列句式中作从句的句子用完成时态:
Thisisthefirsttime…“到现在为止是第一次…”.
It’sthe+最高级+n.“到现在为止是最…的”.
Thisisthefirsttimehe________(drive)acar.
It’sthefirsttimewe___________(talk)withforeigners.
It’sthemostboringfilmI_______ever_________(see).
ThisisthemostexcitinggameI____________(watch).
It’soneofthemostinterestingbooksI___________(read)
4.表示过去已开始的动作,一直持续到现在。
常用C类时间表动作持续时间长度.
Wehavestudiedherefortwoyears.
=sincetwoyearsago=since2009
Hehaslivedheresincehecamein2001.
=forabout10years
特别注意:
短暂性动词的肯定式不能用于此用法与“since,for”引导的时间连用。
Hehascomeherefortwodays.W
Hehasn’tcomeherefortwodays.R
Ihaveseenhimsince1990.W
Ihaven’tseenhimsince1990.R
如何表达短暂性动词与一段时间连用的句子:
通常是将其表达成状态,以下是常见的短暂性动词表达为状态的方式:
A.不同的动词用不同的状态表达:
1.reach/arrivein(at)/getto/cometo/goto/leavefor-----bein(at)+地点名词/be+地点副词
He_____________(到)schoolfortwohours.
We___________(来)heresincelastyear.
They__________(达到)Shanghaifortendays.
She_________(去)Americansince1990.
2.leave-----beawayfrom
Theboy________________(离开)schoolsincetwoyearsago.
3.borrow-----keep
I___________(借)thebookfortwoweeks.
Howlong_____you______(借)thebook?
4.buy------have
We___________(买)thehousefor20years.
Thoughmybikeisquitenew,I_________(买)itsinceIbegantowork.
5.join------beamemberof/bein+组织名称
She_______________(加入)thePartysincehewasincollege
6.die/open/close------be+其形容词
Hisgrandpa_____________(死)fortenyears.
Theshop________________(开门)sincesix.
Thecompany____________(倒闭)since2000.
7.begin/start-------beon
Themeeting___________(开始)halfanhour.
Thefilm____________(开始)since7o’clock.
8.catchacold------haveacold
Theoldman_____________(感冒)foraweek.
9.getup-------beup
--Howlong____you_________(起床)?
--I____________(起床)sincesixo’clock.
10.Fallasleep/gettosleep---------beasleep
He_______________(睡着)sincethisnoon
B.通用句式:
Itis/hasbeen+已段时间+since从句.
他们来这儿三个月了。
They_____________for3months.
=It____3monthssincethey______here.
他母亲去北京五年了。
Hismother____________Beijingfor5years.
=It____5yearssincehismother_______toBeijing.
选择
1.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus_____for20minutes.
A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway
2.I______theLeaguefor5yearssofar.
A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin
3.Thefactory________sincetheFebruaryof1988.
A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened
4.MaryandRose___friendssincetheymetin2000.
A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebecome
5.Youmustn't________untilhecomesback.
A.beawayB.leaveC.beleft
6.Themeeting_______foraweeknow.
A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenover
7.MissGao______thisschoolfornearly5years.
A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught
8.Ben______ateacherfor4years.
A.hasbeenB.hasbecomeC.wasD.became
9.I______homeforaweek.
A.havereturnedB.havebeenbackC.returned
10.Howlong_______he________?
A.diedB.has,diedC.has,beendead
11.He______ateightyesterdayafternoon.
A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept
12.He________thecarforaweek.
A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashad
13.-----Howlong_____you_____ill?
-----Twoweeks.
A.didfallB.have,fellC.have,been
14.Since2000,he_____hishometown.
A.hasleftB.hasmovedawayC.hasbeenawayfrom
15.I'lllendyouthebook,butyoucanonly_____itfor2days.
A.borrowB.keepC.take
16.Thebus______ontheroadfor2hourssofar.
A.hasstoppedB.stoppedC.hasbeen
17.Areyou_____thejacketthesedays?
A.wearingB.puttingonC.dressingD.on
18.He________for2hours.
A.gotupB.hasgotupC.hasbeenup
19.Tomisillinhospital.He_______acoldforseveraldays.
A.isB.catchesC.hascaughtD.hashad
20.-----HowlongcanI______thebook?
------Twoweeks.
A.borrowB.lendC.getD.keep
区别
到…去了来”,“到…去了几次”包括出发和回来的动作。
have/hasbeento
“到…去了”(未回来)只有出发的动作,说话时未回到出发地
1.
have/hasgoneto
1).I___________theGreatWallmanytime.
2).--Tom,whereisyourmother?
--She____________theshop.
3).--Hi,Tina!
Where_____________?
--I_____________theteacher’soffice.
2.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:
A.意义上:
过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情强调动作。
现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
Isawthisfilmyesterday.强调看的动作发生过了,不涉及现在
Ihaveseenthisfilm.强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了
B.时间状语:
一般过去时多用明确表过去时间的状语:
yesterday,lastweek,twodaysago等.
现在完成时的时间状语一般较含糊,多与现在有联系.already,
before,inthelastfewyears等.
He________(do)hishomeworkyesterday.
He___________(do)hishomeworkalready.
I_______(visit)theoldmanafewdaysago.
I____________(visit)theGreatWallbefore.
He_______(come)herejustnow.
He_____just______(come)here.
Hisparents____________(tell)meaboutitalongtimeago.
Hisparents______________(tell)meaboutitbefore.
C.如果是单独一句话觉得是过去发生的,又没有确切时间,这时多用完成时态.
_______you__________(finish)yourwork?
Theguests_____________(come).
He____________(leave)forShanghai.Andheiscomingbacknextweek.
Thegirl____________(leave)herpenathome.
D.根据上下文和具体情景
1.--________you_________(decide)?
--Yes,already.
2.--How____he_____(do)it?
--Hediditbyaskingothersforhelp.3.--Youcan’tfindhimnow.He________(go)tohisoffice.
--When_____he______(go)there?
--Onehourago.
4.--______you_______(read)thebook?
–Yes.
--When______you______(read)it?
--Lastmonth.
1.Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_______what'shappenedtohim.
A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow
2.Hehas________beentoShanghai,hashe?
A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.Still
3.HaveyoumetMrLi____?
A.justB.AgoC.beforeD.amomentago
4.Thefamouswriter____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.
A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten
5.—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.
A.haschanged;wellB.changed;good
C.haschanged;betterD.changed;better
6.ZhaoLan_______already_______inthisschoolfortwoyears.
A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying
7.We________XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl
A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew
8.HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I___ittwice
A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see
9.—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.
—Really?
When______there?
A.willtheygoB.didtheygo
C.dotheygoD.havetheygone
10—______you_______yourhomeworkyet?
—Yes.I_______itamomentago.
A.Diddo;finishedB.Havedone;finished
C.Havedone;havefinishedD.willdo;finish
11.Hisfather______thePartysince197
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