仁爱版初三下册unit5单元总复习一般现在时一般过去时.docx
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仁爱版初三下册unit5单元总复习一般现在时一般过去时.docx
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仁爱版初三下册unit5单元总复习一般现在时一般过去时
语法:
1.并列连词
并列连词连接两个对等的词和对等的结构。
(1)both…and…两者都……;既……又……
eg.Bothmyfatherandmymotherareworkers.(连接主语)
HeoftenspeaksEnglishbothinclassandafterclass.(连接状语)
(2)neither…nor…既不……也不……
eg.NeitherhenorIamfromChina.(连接主语)
HecanspeakneitherEnglishnorFrench.(连接宾语)
注意:
both…and…的否定形式为neither…nor…
eg.BothmymotherandIareinBeijing.(肯定形式)
NeithermymothernorIaminBeijing.(否定形式)
(3)either…or…或者……或者……;要么……要么……
eg.Eitheryouorhehastostayathome.(连接主语)
HeiseitherChineseorJapanese.(连接表语)
(4)notonly…butalso…不仅……而且……
eg.NotonlyJimbutalsoMarycomesfromEngland.(连接主语)
HecannotonlyspeakEnglishbutalsowriteit.(连接谓语)
1.both…and……和…都…(谓复)
notonly…butalso…不仅…而且…(谓靠近原则)
either…or…或者…或者…(谓靠近原则)
neither…nor…既不…也不…(谓靠近原则)
______myfather______mymotherlikeitalot.
_________paper-making_________printingwasinventedinChina.
Wecangoto________BeihaiPark______ShichahaiPark.
_______mymother______myfatherlikesit,butIlikeitverymuch.
2.主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:
语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。
(1)语法一致原则
指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。
eg.Tomisagoodstudent.
BothJimandTomareinClass1Grade1.
注意:
由and连接两个名词时,谓语动词一般用复数形式,但当and连接的两个名词指的是同一个人或同一事物时,谓语动词用单数。
eg.LucyandLilyarecleaningtheclassroomnow.
Thewriterandspeakerisgivingaspeechnow.
(2)意义一致原则
当表示时间、金钱、距离、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作主语时,一般被看作一个整体,谓语动词常用单数形式。
eg.Twentydollarsistooexpensiveforthebook.
集体名词如看作整体,谓语动词用单数,如强调其中的每一个成员,则用复数。
eg.Hisfamilyisabigone.
ThefamilywerehavingsupperwhenIknockedatthedoor.
(3)就近一致原则
当连词or;either…or…;neither…nor…;notonly…butalso…等连接句子主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。
Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikeplayingfootball.
Therebe…结构也属于此类。
eg.Thereissdesk,ablackboard,somedesksandsomechairsintheclassroom.
注意:
当主语后面跟有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,except,but等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
eg.Theteachertogetherwithsomestudentsisvisitingthefactory.
HeaswellasIwantstogoshopping.
定语从句:
一、定义:
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。
如:
1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.
2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)
关系词常有三个作用:
1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在从句中做主语
(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.
(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.
注意:
关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.
3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)
(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)
4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)
(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?
(在句子中做宾语)
5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?
=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?
定语从句中which\that的用法与区别
修饰物体时关系代词that和which的区分
使用that的情况:
1.当先行词是nothing,something,anything,all,each等不定代词时。
e.g.Doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotellme?
2.当先行词被all,any,some,no,not,every,each等修饰时。
e.g.Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood.
3.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。
e.g.ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtmyself.
ThebiggestbirdthatIcaughtisthisbird.
4.主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时
e.g.Whichisthebikethatyoulost?
Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting.
5.当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物.
Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatshewas.
6.如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that.
Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.
7.在therebe句型中,只用that.
Heaskedforthelatestbook(that)thereisonthesubject.
8.当先行词被thevery,thelast,thenext,theonly等词修饰时。
e.g.ThisistheverybookthatIlostyesterday.
9.当先行词又有人又有物时。
e.g.Iwon’tforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatIsaw.
只能使用which的情况。
1、非限制性定语从句中。
e.g.Maryhasabook,whichisveryprecious.
2、在介词之后。
e.g.Thisisahouseinwhichlivesanoldman.
3、先行词为that,those时。
e.g.ThatdogwhichIfoundinthestreetbelongstoMary.
三、随堂练习
()1.—Whichdoyouprefer,sodaorcoffee?
—Ilike______ofthem.Teaismyfavorite.
A.bothB.eitherC.neither
()2.—Couldyoutellmewhatitwasusedfor?
—Itwasused______thecharactersonpaper.
A.forprintB.asprintC.toprint
()3.—Thanksalot!
______yourhelp,Ican’tdoitsowell.
—Withpleasure.
A.WithB.WithoutC.UnderD.As
()4.Mr.Wangwas______becausehewaslateforwork.Heisoutofworknow.
A.punishedB.dismissedC.discussed
()5.Heworkshardathislessons.Ioftenseehim______booksinhisclassroom.
A.toreadB.readC.reading
()6.—Mustwegotheretogetheratonce?
—______you______hegoesthere,onlyonestudentisneeded.
A.Both;andB.Either;orC.Neither;norD.Notonly;butalso
()7.—WilltheforeignershaveanytroubletalkingwithChinesepeopleinChina?
—Idon’tthinkso.Now______theyoung______theoldarelearningtospeakEnglish.
A.neither;norB.either;orC.notonly;butalso
Ⅱ.句型装换
1.MycousincanplaychessbetterthanI.(同义句)
Ican’tplaychess__________________Mycousin
2.Bothmyfatherandmymotherworkveryhardeveryday.(同义句)
__________myfather__________mymother______veryhardeveryday.
3.Inordertorememberthegreatfinalbattle,peopleinventedChinesechess.(同义句)
PeopleinventedChinesechess__________________thegreatfinalbattle.
4.Internetisveryusefulinourdailylife.(同义句)
Internet________________________inourdailylife.
5.Oneofthetwogirlslikesplayingchess.(同义句)
_______thisgirl_______thatgirl_______playingchess.
Ⅳ.用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Whymostofthebuildingshaveyellow_______(roof)?
2.Hellen,togetherwithherfriends,_________(have)goneabroad.
3.Thewriterandspeaker_______(give)aspeechnow.
4.Mr.Black_________(dismiss)becauseofhiscarelessnessinthework.
5.EitherJackorI_______(be)wrong.
6.Thelecturehallis_______(crowd)withstudents.
7.Myfatherpromised_______(buy)acomputerforme.
8._______(north)peopleareusedto_______(eat)food_______(make)offlour.
9.______(be)eitheryouorIgoodatEnglish?
10.Tea______(bring)totheWestinthe1960s.
Ⅴ.单项选择
()1.NeitherhenorI_______fromEngland.
A.areB.isC.amD.comes
()2.—Whichdoyouprefer,sodaorcoffee?
—Ilike______ofthem.Teaismyfavorite.
A.bothB.eitherC.neitherD.none
()3.IoftenseeLiLei_______computergamesafterclass.
A.play B.plays C.playing D.toplay
()4.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher_______intheclassroom,thatistosay,thestudentsaswellastheteacher_______intheclassroom.
A.are;areB.is;isC.is;areD.are;is
()5.______youfather______yourmotheraredoctors.
A.Either;orB.Both;andC.Neither;norD.Notonly;butalso
()6.What’sthisstonecolumn_______dragons________it?
A.with;onB.with;inC.of;atD.for;on
()7.Idon’tknowifit_______tomorrow.Ifit_______,I’llstayathome.
A.willrain;rainsB.rains;willrain
C.willrain;willrainD.rains;rains
()8.Therearemanytreeson________sideofthestreet.
A.eitherB.neitherC.bothD.all
()9.Whetherwegototheparktomorrow_________theweather.
A.paysforB.dependsonC.agreeswithD.putsup
()10.Weshouldtryourbestto________globalwarming.
A.fightagainstB.playagainstC.callforD.callon
Ⅰ.单项选择。
(15分)
()1.Thesailoris______ofhisexperiences,becausehehasbeentoabout30countries.
A.theprideB.afraidC.proudD.hear
()2.Theshoesdidn’tfitme.They’re______big______small.
A.either;orB.neither;norC.both;andD.notonly;butalso
()3.—Haveyoureadthepoems______byDuFu?
—Ofcourse,manyofthem.
A.wroteB.writingC.namedD.written
()4.—Wow,what______snow!
—Yeah,itmusthavesnowed______lastnight.
A.thick;heavilyB.thick;heavyC.big;heavyD.big;heavily
()5.—HowgreatSunYat-senis!
—Yeah,hehas______theQingdynasty.
A.broughtdownB.putdownC.brokenintoD.brokenout
()6.Mr.Wangis______hiswifeinsocialstanding(地位),becausehiswifehasmademorecontributionstooursocietythanhehas.
A.aboveB.belowC.overD.under
()7.Myteacherpromisedto______mysuggestions,soIgavehimsome______.
A.following;adviceB.following;advices
C.follow;advicesD.follow;advice
()8.Hemustbethecaptain______groupgotthefirstprizeintheping-ponggame.
A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whose
()9.Themanto______myfatherisspeakingismyuncle.
A.himB.thatC.whoD.whom
()10.Therearesometalesaboutdragons____________wings.
A.it;hasB.that;haveC./;haveD.who;has
()11.Thetourists______havebeentoMountWuyilost______inthebeautifulscenerythere.
A./;themB.that;themC.who;themselvesD.which;themselves
()12.Taiwanis____________theTreasureIslandofChinaanditisapartofChina.
A.regardasB.regardedasC.regardtoD.regardedto
()13.Thenumberofpeopleinvited______fifty,butanumberofthem______absent(缺席)fordifferentreasons.
A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;
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