高中英语新高考语法专题提升篇非谓语动词修订版.docx
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高中英语新高考语法专题提升篇非谓语动词修订版.docx
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高中英语新高考语法专题提升篇非谓语动词修订版
高中英语新高考-语法:
专题(提升篇)——非谓语动词(修订版)
笔记:
定义:
非谓语动词=不能充当谓语的动词
SVO
Theboystandsatthedoor is mybrother.(病句)
n.(adj.,prep, 定语从句)
动词—》谓语(充当谓语的动词只能有一个)
非谓语动词虽然已经不能当谓语,但是它在功能和形式上比谓语要丰富很多:
功能 --》主语;宾语;状语;表语;补语;定语
形式--》todo;doing(动名词);分词(done,doing)
我们先形式上逐个分析:
不定式:
S/O, 补语,状语,定语
一、做主语、宾语或表语时:
Myhobbyistogofishing.
今天下午去钓鱼是我想做的事情。
Gofishing is whatIwanttodothisafternoon.
Togofishing(一次性的)
Goingfishing/ Togofishing ismyhobby.
常用不定式作主语的句型有:
It’sdifficult(important,necessary)forsb.todo
It’skind(good,friendly,polite,careless,rude,cruel,clever,foolish,brave)ofsb.todo.
Iwant togofishing.
Vt.+todo/doing
二、做状语时:
目的状语:
翻译为“为了做。
。
。
”
(Inorder)toimprovemyEnglish,Idevotemyselftostudy.
Inordertoimproveherson’sEnglish, themother boughtadictionary.
逻辑关系:
非谓语的逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致
结果状语:
(意外的结果)
Ireturnedhomehappily,onlytofindthehousebrokeninto.
练习:
目的状语:
1.Timeshouldbemadefulluseof (study).
2.Heopenedhismouthasif (say)something.
结果状语:
3.Shewent (hurry)tothestation,only (find)herflighthighupinthesky.
不定式还可以做原因状语等,由于考试不涉及这块,我们略去。
练习答案:
目的状语:
1.Timeshouldbemadefulluseof tostudy (study).
2.Heopenedhismouthasif tosay (say)something.
结果状语:
3.Shewent hurriedly (hurry)tothestation,only tofind (find)herflighthighupinthesky.
不定式还可以做原因状语等,由于考试不涉及这块,我们略去。
三、不定式的时态
只有不定式做宾语和补语时才有时态的一说
Todo
Tobedoing
Tohavedone
做补语是这样的:
请体会下面几个句子的含义
Believe/report/claimsb.tohavedone
TheradioreportedLiuxiangtohaveretired. (已经退役)
Ibelieveallofyoutomakegreatprogressamonthlater. (将要取得进步)
Ibelieveallofyoutobemakingprogresseveryday.(正在进步)
练习:
1.Todaywehavechatrooms,textmessaging,emailing…butweseem_____theartofcommunicatingface-to-face.
A.losing B.tobelosing C.tobelost D.havinglost
2.Theoldladyclaimed (treat)unfairlywhendoingshoppingtheotherday.
3.Shefinallyrecoveredthebagreported (miss) foralongtime.
4.Theyaresaid (have)aclassnow.
5.Thebookissaid (translate)intomanyotherlanguages.
6.Billisconsidered (invent)thefirsttelephone.
练习答案:
1.Todaywehavechatrooms,textmessaging,emailing…butweseem_____theartofcommunicatingface-to-face.
A.losing B.tobelosing C.tobelost D.havinglost
2.Theoldladyclaimed tohavebeentreated (treat)unfairlywhendoingshoppingtheotherday.
3.Shefinallyrecoveredthebagreported tohavebeenmissing (miss) foralongtime.
4.Theyaresaid tobehaving (have)aclassnow.
5.Thebookissaid tohavebeentranslated (translate)intomanyotherlanguages.
6.Billisconsidered tohaveinvented (invent)thefirsttelephone.
四、不定式作定语
Thebridgetobebuiltnextmonth 将要
Thebridgebeingbuiltnow正在
Thebridgecompletedlastmonth已经完成
公式:
Sth.willbedone=sth.tobedone
Sth.willdo…=sth.todo
Aprogramwillbecarriedoutinmyhometown.Itpleasesallthepeople.
Aprogramtobecarriedout…pleases…
公式二:
(be)adj.todo
Thethingiseasytodo.
IthinkthenewIpadiscomfortabletofeel.
还要注意两个:
Thefirsttodo(序数词后只能用todo);某些名词后:
Beabletodo
→Hisabilitytocommunicatewithothers
动名词:
S/O
动名词本质上还是名词,而名词的两大功能:
主语,宾语或表语,动名词也就这两大功能了。
Vt.+doing…
Vt.+being done
Prep(介词)+doing
练习:
1.Ican’timagine being(be)thatold.
2.Thedevelopmentofhisdisease is adirectresultofbeingexposed(expose)toomuchtoradiation.
常用动名词作主语的句型有:
It’snogood(use,fun)doing.
It’s(a)wasteoftimeone’sdoing.
It’sworthwhiledoing.
There’snodoingsth绝不会做……
公式:
如何把一个句子变成动名词短语
SVOsb’sv-ingo/sb’sbeingdone
热身转换练习
1. ThatMaryhadseenthefilmdidn’tsurpriseus.
Mary’shavingseenthefilmdidn’t…
玛丽已经看过这部电影了,这不足为奇。
2.Thattheyaresingingintheroomupstairsdisturbshim./Itdisturbshimthattheyaresingingintheroomupstairs.
Theirsingingin….disturb…
他们在楼上的房间里唱歌打扰他了。
3.Itworriedheragreatdealthatshelackedteachingexperience.
Herlacking…worriedher…
缺乏教学经验令她十分担心。
4.Itwasagreatencouragementtousthattheycametohelpus.
Theircomingto…was…
他们的帮忙对我们而言是莫大的鼓励。
5.Thatheviolatedthelawwassurprising./Itwassurprisingthatheviolatedthelaw.
Hisviolating….was…
他违法很令人吃惊。
分词
形式:
Doing现在分词||beingdone被动结果||having(been)done时态
Done 过去分词
功能:
定语,状语,补语 主语,宾语,表语
定语
Thebridgetobebuiltnextmonth 将要
Thebridgebeingbuiltnow正在
Thebridgecompletedlastmonth已经完成
状语(逻辑主语一致)
分词做状语本质上是从状语从句中转换过来的,而状语从句的种类繁多,于是乎,分词做状语的种类(也就是功能)也很多。
但在形式上有以下转换的方法:
1.状语从句里的谓语是一般过去时或一般现在时
连词+SV-ed,SVO→(连词)doing…,SVO
2.状语从句里的谓语是一般过去时或一般现在时的被动结构
连词+SwasV-ed,SVO→(连词)v-ed…,SVO
3.状语从句里的谓语是完成时(havedone或haddone)
连词+Shave/hadV-ed,SVO→ Havingdone…,SVO
4.状语从句里的谓语是完成时的被动结构(havebeendone或hadbeendone)
连词+Shave/hadbeenV-ed,SVO→ Havingbeendone…,SVO→Done,SVO
5.并列句的转换
SVO,andVO…→SVO,V-ing.
6.非限制性定语从句中which指代前面整个句子时的转换
SVO,whichvo….-->SVO,v-ing.
简化为:
一件事情,结果--》SVO,doing
7.形容词短语作状语:
(being)Adj.短语,SVO
举例:
i.分词作时间状语
Whenhehadfinishedthetask,hewentout.
--》Havingfinishedthetask,hewentout.
Whenshelefttheairport,shewavedusgoodbye.
--》Whenleavingtheairport,she…
Whenitisheated,waterwillturnintosteam.
--》Whenheated,water…
ii.分词作原因状语
Badlyinjured,shehadtostayinbed.
Becauseshewas badlyinjured,…
iii.分词作方式状语
“Wecan’tgooutinthisweather,”saidBobandlookedoutofthewindow.
Shecamein,laughing.
iv. 分词作条件状语
(If)Givenanotherchance,I’lldoitmuchbetter.假如再给我一次机会,我一定会把它做好。
IfIamgivenanotherchance,…
Unlessinvitedtospeak,youshouldremainsilent.除非请你讲话,否则你就应该保持安静。
Unlessyouareinvitedtospeak,…
v. 分词作结果状语
Oilpriceshaverisenby32%sincethestartoftheyear,reachingarecordUS$57.65abarrelinApril4.
Itrainedheavily,causingthecropfailure.
Havingdone动作先于主句动作发生
vi.分词作让步状语
Thoughwarnedofthestorm,theyrushedoutwithouthesitation.尽管他们已经得知有暴风雨,但还是毅然冲出去了。
分词—》形容词
Iaminspired/prepared/convinced.
(being)Adj.短语,SVO
Ireturnedhome,tiredandhungry.
解题步骤
非谓语,很简单
第一步,找主干:
主(doing)谓宾,要分清
第二步,析逻辑:
主动-ing, 被动-ed,todo表目的
第三步:
看先后:
先发生,havingdone
Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,_________thebreakfastuntouched.
A.left B.toleave C.leaving D.havingleft
__Beingexposedtothestrongsun willmake youill.
(expose)
___Exposedtothestrongsun, youwillgetill.
补语
1)使役动词
Makesb.do →bemadetodo
Done:
makeyouheard/understood →bemadedone
KeepO.doing
Done:
keepmeinformedof…
LeaveOdoing
Done:
Heleftmuchworkunfinished.
Todo:
leavesb.todothework.
Getsb.todo让某人去做
Sth.done:
Iwillgetmyhaircut.
Sb.doing+时间状语:
gethimworkingallthetime.
Havesb.do=getsb.todo
Sthdone=getsth.done
Sb.doing+时间状语
Letsb.dosth.
2)感官动词
HearO.dosth.(完成) →beheardtodo
Doing(过程)→behearddoing
Done(被做)→behearddone
YoushouldoftenhearEnglishspoken.
Seetheplancarriedout
独立主格结构:
(with)S1 V1 O1,S2V2O2
V1-ing
HavingV1-ing
V1-ed
Beingadj./N.
Therewasbeingnobus,Ihadtowalkhome.
独立主格:
Thechildren,allofthem (play)thewholedaylong,werewornout.
Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof havingbeenmadeintotelevisionseries.
Everything (take)intoconsideration,hedecidedtoresignfromhispresentpost.
15.Abottle, top(being)cutoff,nowfunctionsasacontainer.
32.Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people;manyofthem (leave)theirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.
23.There (be)nocureavailableatthemoment,thepatientdecidestoseekherdoctor’sadvicetoendherlife.
独立主格答案:
25.Thechildren,allofthem playing (play)thewholedaylong,werewornout.
32.Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof them havingbeenmadeintotelevisionseries.
36.Everything havingbeentaken (take)intoconsideration,hedecidedtoresignfromhispresentpost.
15.Abottle, its top(being)cutoff,nowfunctionsasacontainer.
32.Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyofthem leaving (leave)theirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.
23.There being (be)nocureavailableatthemoment,thepatientdecidestoseekherdoctor’sadvicetoendherlife.
108句你需要掌握的:
非谓语动词
1.LaurawasawayinParisforoveraweek.Whenshegothome,therewasapileofmailwaitingforher.
2.Basinganimportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason,youwillregretitsoonerorlater.
3.Foundedintheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren’sloveofart.
4.Havingeatenatthecafeteriabefore,Tinadidn’twanttoeatthereagain.
5.Notknowingwhichuniversitytoattend,thegirlaskedherteacherforadvice.
6.Theoldcoupleoftentakesawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdogfollowingthem.
7.Thismachinesveryeasy.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.
8.Tofreeourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions,weeachneeddeepthought.
9.Tostaywarmatnight,Iwouldfillthewoodstove,thensetmyalarmclockformidnightsoIcouldrefillit.
10.Toworkoutthedifficultmathsproblem,IhaveconsultedProfessorRussellseveraltimes.
11.It’ssuchaniceplace,Mothersaidasshesatatthetablereservedforcustoms.
12.Absorbedinpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.
13.Aftercompletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelopeprovided.
14.AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress
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