Introduction to the Verbal Reasoning Measure.docx
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Introduction to the Verbal Reasoning Measure.docx
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IntroductiontotheVerbalReasoningMeasure
IntroductiontotheVerbalReasoningMeasure
TheVerbalReasoningmeasureoftheGRE®revisedGeneralTestassessesyourabilitytoanalyzeandevaluatewrittenmaterialandsynthesizeinformationobtainedfromit,analyzerelationshipsamongcomponentpartsofsentencesandrecognizerelationshipsamongwordsand concepts.
VerbalReasoningquestionsappearinseveralformats,eachofwhichisdiscussedindetailinthecorrespondingsectionslinkedtobelow.Abouthalfofthemeasurerequiresyoutoreadpassagesandanswerquestionsonthosepassages.Theotherhalfrequiresyoutoread,interpretandcompleteexistingsentences,groupsofsentencesor paragraphs.
VerbalReasoningQuestionTypes
TheVerbalReasoningmeasurecontainsthreetypesof questions:
∙ReadingComprehension
∙TextCompletion
∙SentenceEquivalence
Seealso:
∙IntroductiontotheVerbalReasoningMeasureinAccessibleFormats
ReadingComprehensionQuestions
∙Introduction
∙GeneralAdvice
∙QuestionTypes
∙SampleQuestions
ReadingComprehensionquestionsaredesignedtotestawiderangeofabilitiesthatarerequiredinordertoreadandunderstandthekindsofprosecommonlyencounteredingraduateschool.Thoseabilities include:
∙understandingthemeaningofindividualwordsand sentences
∙understandingthemeaningofparagraphsandlargerbodiesof text
∙distinguishingbetweenminorandmajor points
∙summarizingapassage
∙drawingconclusionsfromtheinformation provided
∙reasoningfromincompletedatatoinfermissing information
∙understandingthestructureofatextintermsofhowthepartsrelatetoone another
∙identifyingtheauthor'sassumptionsand perspective
∙analyzingatextandreachingconclusionsabout it
∙identifyingstrengthsandweaknessesofa position
∙developingandconsideringalternative explanations
Asthislistimplies,readingandunderstandingapieceoftextrequiresfarmorethanapassiveunderstandingofthewordsandsentencesitcontains;itrequiresactiveengagementwiththetext,askingquestions,formulatingandevaluatinghypothesesandreflectingontherelationshipoftheparticulartexttoothertextsand information.
EachReadingComprehensionquestionisbasedonapassagethatmayrangeinlengthfromoneparagraphtoseveralparagraphs.Thetestcontainsapproximately10passages,themajorityofwhichareoneparagraphinlengthandonlyoneortwoofwhichareseveralparagraphslong.Passagesaredrawnfromthephysicalsciences,biologicalsciences,socialsciences,business,artsandhumanitiesandeverydaytopicsandarebasedonmaterialfoundinbooksandperiodicals,bothacademicand nonacademic.
Typically,abouthalfofthequestionsonthetestwillbebasedonpassages,andthenumberofquestionsbasedonagivenpassagecanrangefromonetosix.Questionscancoveranyofthetopicslistedabove,fromthemeaningofaparticularwordtoassessingevidencethatmightsupportorweakenpointsmadeinthepassage.Many,butnotall,ofthequestionsarestandardmultiple-choicequestions,inwhichyouarerequiredtoselectasinglecorrectanswer;othersaskyoutoselectmultiplecorrectanswers;andstillothersaskyoutoselectasentencefromthe passage.
∙
∙GeneralAdvice
∙Readingpassagesaredrawnfrommanydifferentdisciplinesandsources,soyoumayencountermaterialwithwhichyouarenotfamiliar.Donotbediscouragedifyouencounterunfamiliarmaterial;allthequestionscanbeansweredonthebasisoftheinformationprovidedinthepassage.However,ifyouencounterapassagethatseemsparticularlyhardorunfamiliar,youmaywanttosaveitfor last.
∙Readandanalyzethepassagecarefullybeforetryingtoansweranyofthequestions,andpayattentiontocluesthathelpyouunderstandlessexplicitaspectsofthe passage.
oTrytodistinguishmainideasfromsupportingideasor evidence.
oTrytodistinguishideasthattheauthorisadvancingfromthoseheorsheismerely reporting.
oTrytodistinguishideasthattheauthorisstronglycommittedtofromthoseheorsheadvancesashypotheticalor speculative.
oTrytoidentifythemaintransitionsfromoneideatothe next.
oTrytoidentifytherelationshipbetweendifferentideas.For example:
▪Aretheycontrasting?
Arethey consistent?
▪Doesonesupportthe other?
▪Doesonespelltheotheroutingreater detail?
▪Doesoneapplytheothertoaparticular circumstance?
∙Readeachquestioncarefullyandbecertainthatyouunderstandexactlywhatisbeing asked.
∙Answereachquestiononthebasisoftheinformationprovidedinthepassageanddonotrelyonoutsideknowledge.Sometimesyourownviewsoropinionsmayconflictwiththosepresentedinapassage;ifthishappens,takespecialcaretoworkwithinthecontextprovidedbythepassage.Youshouldnotexpecttoagreewitheverythingyouencounterinthereading passages.
∙QuestionTypes
Multiple-choice—SelectOneAnswerChoice
Description
Thesearetraditionalmultiple-choicequestionswithfiveanswerchoices,ofwhichyoumustselectone.
TipsforAnswering
∙Readalltheanswerchoicesbeforemakingyourselection,evenifyouthinkyouknowthecorrectanswerinadvance.
∙Thecorrectansweristheonethatmostaccuratelyandmostcompletelyanswersthequestionposed;becarefulnottobemisledbyanswerchoicesthatareonlypartiallytrueorthatonlypartiallyanswerthequestion.Also,becarefulnottopickananswerchoicesimplybecauseitisatrue statement.
∙Whenthequestionasksaboutthemeaningofawordinthepassage,besuretheanswerchoiceyouselectcorrectlyrepresentsthewaythewordisbeingusedinthepassage.Manywordshavedifferentmeaningswhenusedindifferent contexts.
Multiple-choice—SelectOneorMoreAnswerChoices
Description
Thesequestionsprovidethreeanswerchoicesandaskyoutoselectallthatarecorrect;one,twoorallthreeoftheanswerchoicesmaybecorrect.Togaincreditforthesequestions,youmustselectallthecorrectanswers,andonlythose;thereisnocreditforpartiallycorrect answers.
TipsforAnswering
∙Evaluateeachanswerchoiceseparatelyonitsownmerits;whenevaluatingoneanswerchoice,donottaketheothersinto account.
∙Acorrectanswerchoiceaccuratelyandcompletelyanswersthequestionposed;becarefulnottobemisledbyanswerchoicesthatareonlypartiallytrueorthatonlypartiallyanswerthequestion.Also,becarefulnottopickananswerchoicesimplybecauseitisatrue statement.
∙Donotbedisturbedifyouthinkallthreeanswerchoicesarecorrect,sincequestionsofthistypecanhaveuptothreecorrectanswer choices.
Select-in-Passage
Description
Thesequestionsaskyoutoclickonthesentenceinthepassagethatmeetsacertaindescription.Toanswerthequestion,chooseoneofthesentencesandclickonit;clickinganywhereonasentencewillhighlightit.Inlongerpassages,thequestionwillusuallyapplytoonlyoneortwospecifiedparagraphs,markedbyanarrow(
);clickingonasentenceelsewhereinthepassagewillnothighlight it.
Note:
Becausethesequestionsdependontheuseofthecomputer,theydonotappearonthepaper-basedtest.Equivalentmultiple-choicequestionsareusedintheirplace.
TipsforAnswering
∙Evaluateeachoftherelevantsentencesinthepassageseparatelybeforeselectingyouranswer.Donotevaluateanysentencesthatareoutsidetheparagraphsunder consideration.
∙Acorrectanswerchoicemustaccuratelymatchthedescriptiongiveninthequestion;donotselectasentenceifanypartofthedescriptiondoesnotapplytoit.However,notethatthequestionneednotfullydescribeallaspectsofthe sentence.
____________SampleQuestions
Questions1to3arebasedonthispassage.
Revivingthepracticeofusingelementsofpopularmusicinclassicalcomposition,anapproachthathadbeeninhibernationintheUnitedStatesduringthe1960s,composerPhilipGlass(born1937)embracedtheethosofpopularmusicwithoutimitatingit.GlassbasedtwosymphoniesonmusicbyrockmusiciansDavidBowieandBrianEno,butthesymphonies'soundisdistinctivelyhis.PopularelementsdonotappearoutofplaceinGlass'sclassicalmusic,whichfromitsearlydayshassharedcertainharmoniesandrhythmswithrockmusic.YetthisuseofpopularelementshasnotmadeGlassacomposerofpopularmusic.Hismusicisnotaversionofpopularmusicpackagedtoattractclassicallisteners;itishighartforlistenerssteepedinrockratherthanthe classics.
Selectonlyoneanswerchoice.
1.ThepassageaddresseswhichofthefollowingissuesrelatedtoGlass'suseofpopularelementsinhisclassical compositions?
A.Howitisregardedbylistenerswhopreferrocktothe classics
B.HowithasaffectedthecommercialsuccessofGlass's music
C.Whetherithascontributedtoarevivalofinterestamongothercomposersinusingpopularelementsintheir compositions
D.WhetherithashadadetrimentaleffectonGlass'sreputationasacomposerofclassical music
E.WhetherithascausedcertainofGlass'sworkstobederivativein quality
Considereachofthethreechoicesseparatelyandselectallthat apply.
2.ThepassagesuggeststhatGlass'sworkdisplayswhichofthefollowing qualities?
A.Areturntotheuseofpopularmusicinclassical compositions
B.Anattempttoelevaterockmusictoanartisticstatusmorecloselyapproximatingthatofclassical music
C.Along-standingtendencytoincorporateelementsfromtwoapparentlydisparatemusical styles
3.Selectthesentencethatdistinguishestwowaysofintegratingrockandclassical music.
Explanation
ThepassagedescribesingeneraltermshowPhilipGlassusespopularmus
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