中考英语试题分项版解析汇编第02期专题08 阅读理解.docx
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中考英语试题分项版解析汇编第02期专题08 阅读理解.docx
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中考英语试题分项版解析汇编第02期专题08阅读理解
专题08阅读理解(人物或故事类、科普或环境保护类或健康类、社会现象或历史文化教育类)
1.【2018年山东省青岛市】
Somescientistssaythatanimalsintheoceanare
increasinglythreatened(威胁)bynoisepollutioncausedby
humanbeings.Thenoisethatinfluencesseaanimalscomes
fromanumberofhumanactivities.Itiscausedmainlyby
industrialunderwaterexplosions(爆炸),oceandrilling,and
shipengines.Suchnoisesareaddedtonaturalsounds.
Thesesoundsincludethebreakingoficefields,underwater
earthquakes,andsoundsmadebyanimalsthemselves.
Decibels(分贝)measuredinwateraredifferentfromthosemeasuredonland.Anoiseofonehundredandtwentydecibelsonlandcausespaintohumanears.Inwater,adecibellevelofonehundredandninetyfivewouldhavethesameeffect(效果).
Somescientistshaveproposedsettinganoiselimit(限度)ofonehundredandtwentydecibelsinoceans.Theyhaveobservedthatnoisesatthatlevelcanfrightenandconfusewhales(鲸鱼).
AteamofAmericanandCanadianscientistsdiscoveredthatloudernoisescanseriouslyinjuresomeanimals.Theresearchteamfoundthatpowerfulunderwaterexplosionswerecausingwhalesintheareatolosetheirhearing.Thisseriouslyaffectedthewhales'abilitytoexchangeinformationandfindtheirway.Someofthewhalesevendied.Theexplosionshadcausedtheirearstobleed.
Manyresearcherswhoseworkdependsonoceansoundsobjecttoalimitofonehundredandtwentydecibels.Theysaysuchalimitwouldmeananendtoimportantindustrialandscientificresearch.Scientistsdonotknowhowmuchandwhatkindsofnoisesareharmfultooceananimals.However,manyscientistssuspectthatnoiseisagreaterdangerthantheybelieved.It’stimeforthemtotakeactiontohelpoceananimals.
22.Whichofthefollowingisnotcausedbyhumanbeings?
A.Thenoiseofindustrialunderwaterexplosions.
B.Thenoiseofoceandrilling.
C.Thesoundofunderwaterearthquakes
D.Thenoiseofshipengines.
23.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytellus?
A.Thesamenoisemeasuresdifferentlyonlandandintheocean.
B.Differentplacesmayhavedifferenttypesofnoises.
C.Thenoisescancausehumanstolosehearing.
D.Therearedifferentkindsofnaturalsoundsintheocean.
24.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A.Powerfulunderwaterexplosionsaren’tharmfultowhales’ears.
B.Manyresearchersareagainstthenoiselimitof120decibels.
C.Noisescannotcausewhales’death.
D.Thenoiselimitof120decibelswouldhardlyinfluencetheindustrialresearch.
25.Accordingtothepassage,wecaninferthatscientistswillprobably.
A.workhardtocutdownnaturalsounds.
B.stopindustrialandscientificresearchinoceans.
C.trytheirbesttomakenonoise.
D.protectoceananimalsfromharmfulnoises.
【答案】22.C23.A24.B25.D
23.根据Decibels(分贝)measuredinwateraredifferentfromthosemeasuredonland.和后文可知主要讲水下分贝测量和陆地不一样;故选A
25.根据文章讲述了噪音污染对海洋生物的伤害,科学家研究怎么保护海洋生物不受伤害。
故选D
2.【2018年安徽省中考】Wouldyouliketoliveinacitywherebuildingsturnthelightsoffforyou,andself-drivingcarswillfindthenearestparkingspacethemselves?
Althoughitmightsoundalttlefarfromyou,livingina"smart"citylikethiscouldhappensoonerthanyouthink.
Greatchangeshavetakenplaceintownsthatwehavelivedinforcenturies,whilecompletelynewcitiesarebeingbuilt.OnesuchplaceisthecityofSongdo.Everyhometherewillhavea"telepresencesystem(远程遥控系统)--allowinguserstocontroltheheatingandlocks,takepartinvideomeetings,andreceiveeducation,healthcareandgovernmentservices.Aroundthecity,escalators(自动扶梯)willonlymovewhensomeoneisonthem,andofficesandschoolswillallbeconnectedtothesystem.
ThegreatmindbehindSongdoisfromthecompanyCisco.Infact,technologycompaniesaroundtheworldsuchasIBM,SiemensandMicrosoftarealreadyinthebusiness.
About75%oftheworld'spopulationwillliveincitiesby2050,socitieswillneedtobemoremoderntodealwiththecomingproblems.Makingcitiessmarterisonewayout,andIthinkthiswillinturnmakecitiesgreener,saidDanHill,headofaresearchcompany.
53.Accordingtothetext,livingina"smart"city______
A.isnotagreenwayB.willbefarfromyou
C.willsoonbecometrueD.iscompletelyimpossible
54.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?
A.Acityofthefuture.B.AmeetinginSongdo.
C.Aplantobuildahouse.D.Areportonpublichealth.
55.WhichcompanyoffersthegreatmindtobuildSongdo?
A.Cisco.B.IBM.C.Siemens.yagnoOLEDD.Microsoft.
56.DanHillthinksthatmakingcitiessmarterisonewayto______.
A.drivepeopleoutofcitiesB.controltheworld'spopulationC.develophisowncompanyD.solvethecities'comingproblems
57.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.FutureEducationB.SmartCitiesC.GovernmentServicesD.FamousCompanies
【答案】53.C54.A55.A56.D57.B
【解析】文章讲述了未来的智能城市的生活情况。
3.【2018年贵州省安顺】Toothpaste(牙膏)doesmorethanjustkeepourteethbrightandwhite.Itcanbeusedwiselyinmanyotherways.Herearesomeusefultipsthatcansaveustimeandmoney.Ifyoufollowthem,youwillhaveafreshsmellofusingtoothpaste!
CleanaDirtyMirror
Ifyouwanttocleanadirtybathroommirror,trytoputabitoftoothpasteonthemirrorandwipeitdry.Theglasscanbecleanedupbeautifully.Anddoingthiscanalsostopthe
mirrorfromfogging.Thenyoucanstillseeyourselfinthemirroraftertakingashower.
RemovetheUnpleasantFoodSmell
Havesomebadfoodsmell,likethesmellofonionsorfish,onyourhands?
Youcanremoveitbywashingyourhandswithtoothpaste.You’llbefresh-smellinginnotime.
MakeYourSportsShoesWhiter
Thistime,cleanyoursportsshoesbyyourself,notbyyourmother.Wipesometoothpastearoundyourshoesandthencleanitwithawetcloth.See?
Yourshoesarewhiteasnew!
41.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellusabout?
A.Howtobuythetoothpaste.B.Howtochoosethetoothpaste.
C.Howtousetoothpastewisely.D.Howtosellthetoothpaste.
42.Howmanywayscanyousaveyourtimeandmoneybyusingtoothpaste?
A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.
43.Ifthereissomesmelloffishonyourhands,whatcanyoudo?
A.Washyourhandswithsoap.B.Washyourhandswithtoothpaste.
C.Eatsomeonions.D.Brushyourteethwithtoothpaste.
44.Thepassagedoesn’ttellusthat.
A.toothpastecancleanadirtymirror
B.toothpastecanremovethefoodsmell
C.toothpastecanmakeyourringbecomenewagain
D.toothpastecanremovefishsmell
45.Wherecanweprobablyfindthepassage?
A.Inasciencemagazine.B.Inanamusementmagazine.
C.Inahistorybook.D.Inamathbook.
【答案】41.C42.C43.B44.C45.A
【解析】短文大意:
牙膏不仅仅能让我们的牙齿保持明亮和洁白。
它还有许多其它的用途。
比如:
清理脏镜子,去除难闻的食物气味,让你的运动鞋变得更白等等。
42.细节理解题。
短文共介绍了三种牙膏的用途:
清理脏镜子,去除难闻的食物气味,让你的运动鞋变得更白。
故答案选C。
43.细节理解题。
根据“Havesomebadfoodsmell,likethesmellofonionsorfish,onyourhands?
Youcanremoveitbywashingyourhandswithtoothpaste.”可知,如果你手上有鱼腥味,可以用牙膏洗手,去除异味。
答案为B。
44.细节理解题。
根据表格第一栏的介绍可知,牙膏可以用来清理脏的镜子。
根据表格第二栏的介绍可知,牙膏可以去除难闻的食物味道,或鱼的腥味,根据表格第二栏的介绍可知,牙膏可以让你的运动鞋变得更白。
没有提到牙膏能让你的戒指重新焕发新的活力,故答案选C。
4.【2018年贵州省安顺】Bike-sharinghassweptacrossChina,withanincreasingnumberofpeoplechoosingbikeridinginsteadofdriving.ThebikethattheservicecompanyprovideshasGPSorBluetoothonit.Andthosebikescanbeeasilyunlockedwithasmartphoneandleftanywhereinpublic.Bike-sharingallowspeopletoborrowabikefromoneplaceandreturnitatanotherplaceeasily.
Insomecities,wecanseemoreandmorepeopleridingthiskindofsharingbikes.It’sveryconvenienttousethebikesifyouhaveasmartphone.First,youhavetodownloadsuchanAPP
onyoursmartphone.ThenwhatyouneedtodoistofindanearestbikethroughtheAPP,scantheQRcode(二维码)onthebikeorconnectyourphonewiththebikeoveraBluetoothwirelessconnection.Youwillfindthebikecanbeunlockeditself.
Thenyoucanenjoyyourtrip.What’smore,thegreatestadvantageofbike-sharingisthatyoucaneasilyfindoneandneverworryaboutwheretoparkit.Thecostofridingdependsonthetimethatyouspend.Normally,everyhouryouride,youneedtopayoneyuan.Itdoesn’tcostsomuch,doesit?
Atthesametime,somepeopleparkthebikesintheirownhomes.Besides,somepeopledon’tvaluethebikes.Nowservicecompaniesaretryingtosolvetheproblemlikebeingstolen.
Technologyandsciencehavechangedoursociallifestyles.Wehavetosaybike-sharingbringsusmoreconveniencewithoutdoubt.Andwealsohopethatpeoplecannotonlyenjoyitbutalsoputittogooduse.
46.Whatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph?
A.Mostpeopleincitiesdon’tdrive.
B.Bike-sharingisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.
C.Bike-sharingisinventedinChina.
D.Sharingbikescanbeborrowedeverywhere.
47.Ifyouwanttouseasharingbike,youmustfirst.
A.downloadanAPPandpayforthetrip
B.haveasmartphoneanddownloadanAPP
C.unlockthebikeanddownloadanAPP
D.findanearestbikeandborrowitfromanyone
48.Theunderlinedword“value”inParagraph4probablymeansinChinese.
A.喜欢B.收藏C.爱惜D.购买
49.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthispassage?
A.Bike-sharingisakindofexpensivetransport.
B.Sharingbikesareeasytounlock.
C.Sharingbikesmaybestolen.
D.Bike-sharingisverycheap.
50.What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardsbike-sharing?
A.Convenient.B.Doubtful.
C.Worried.D.Unnecessary.
【答案】46.B47.B48.C49.A50.A
46.细节理解题。
根据第一段句子“Bike-sharinghassweptacrossChina,withanincreasingnumberofpeoplechoosingbikeridinginsteadofdriving.”共享单车席卷中国,越来越多的人选择骑自行车而不是开车。
可知第一段告诉我们共享单车正变得越来越流行。
故选B。
47.细节理解题。
根据文中句子“It’
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