初中完成时态.docx
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初中完成时态.docx
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初中完成时态
完成时态:
现在完成与过去完成基本内容、深层理解与综合运用
★总复习练习:
1.--___she___theflowersyet?
--Yes,she___itanhourago.
A.Did;water;didB.Has;watered;didC.Has;watered;hasdoneD.Was;watering;wasdoing
2.He___thebikefortwoyears.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hadD.hashad
3.Jimhasmademanyfriendssincehe___toChina.A.cameB.comesC.hascomeD.willcome
4.He’sneverworkedinthisfactory,___he?
A.isB.isn’tC.hasD.hasn’t
5.He__ateacherwhenhewastwentyyearsold.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.isbeing
6.–Where’sLiLei?
--He__Beijing.A.goestoB.wenttoC.hasgonetoD.hasbeento
7.IlikeGuilin.I___theretwice.A.goB.wentC.havegoneD.havebeen
8.HewenttoTorontotwoyearsago,sohehas__Torontofortwoyears.A.beentoB.gonetoC.beeninD.gone
9.Attheendoflastweek,I__thenews.A.haveheardB.washearingC.heardD.hadheard
10.Bytheendoflastweek,I___100newwords.A.havelearnedB.waslearningC.learnedD.hadlearned
11.Mum__whileI__somewashingthatday.
A.wascooking;didB.cooked;wasdoingC.wascooking;wasdoingD.cooked;did
12.Mum___whenI___backhome.
A.wascooking;gotB.cooked;wasgettingC.hadfinishedcooking;gotD.hadfinishedcooking;hadgot
13.We__alotfromyouduringthelasttwoyears.A.werelearningB.havelearnedC.learnedD.learn
14.They__alltheirmoney,sotheyhavetowalkbackhomeA.spendB.spentC.havespentD.willspend
15.WhenIgottothecinema,thefilm__fortenminutes.A.hadbegunB.hasbegunC.hasbeenonD.hadbeenon
16.Canyoutelluswhere___?
A.haveyougoneB.youhavegoneC.haveyoubeenD.youhavebeen
17.Anaccident_tohimsinceheleftin1999.A.happenedB.washappenedC.hasbeenhappenedD.hashappened
18.HeaskedifI__theGreatWall.A.hadbeentoB.hadgoneC.havegonetoD.havebeento
19.Bobhadfinishedwritingtheletter__hismothercameback.A.afterB.beforeC.sinceD.while
20.Ididn’tseethisfilmyesterdaybecauseI__itbefore.A.seeB.hadseenC.haveseenD.saw
得分:
__________认真领会下面内容:
一现在完成时态有两个主要用法,“已完成”用法和“未完成”用法。
“已完成”是指动作或过程发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时间(常指最近的过去时间),现在已完成了,并与现在的情况有联系。
如:
He’sturnedoffthelight.(含义是:
______________________________________________________)
“未完成”用法是指动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束。
如:
He’slivedheresince1960.(含义是:
____________________________________________________)
这两种用法的主要区别:
“已完成”用法通常不与表示一段时间的状语连用,用不可持续性动词。
而“未完成”用法通常与表示一段时间的状语连用,用可持续性动词。
二关于since/for
since+时间点,for+时间段,也可互换。
★基础练习:
用since或for改写句子
1.Ilastsawhimonhisbirthday.________________________________since___________________.
2.ThelasttimeIsmokedacigarettewasaweekago.
____________________since_______________._________________________for____________.
3.It’stenweekssinceIlasthadagoodnight’ssleep._________________________for_____________.
4.Helasttookabaththedaybeforeyesterday._________________________since_______________.
5.It’sthreemonthssincehewrotetome._____________________________for_________________.
6.AliceleftTianjinayearago.________________________________for__________________.
7.Thedoorwasopenedanhourago.
_________________________since______________.________________________for__________.
三过去完成时态
1过去完成时态与现在完成时态相同,只是把时间推移到过去某一时间之前,即过去的过去,与现在时间不发生联系。
过去完成时态常出现在Sb.said的宾语从句或when,before,after,until等句子中,或根据上下文的语境要求;而这些句子之间常有时可互换。
如:
Whenthebellrang,wehadfinishedourhomework.→Thebellrangafterwehadfinishedourwork.
WhenIreachedthestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.→Ireachedthestationafterthetrainhadleft.→
Ididn’treachthestationuntilafterthetrainhadleft.→ThetrainhadleftbeforeIreachedthestation.
★理解练习:
用when,before,after,until等改写句子:
1.WhenImetTom,hehadalreadyheardthenews.__________________after_____________________.
2.WhenImetTom,hehadnotyetheardthenews.______________before________________________.
3.Theycleanedtheroomandthenwearrived.When________________,_________________________.
4.Sheonlynoticeditafterhe’dpointeditout.She_____________________unitl____________________.
5.Igottothecinemaaftertheticketsweresoldout.When______________,________________________.
2但必须记住:
过去完成时态所用动词的动作必须发生在某个一般过去时态所用动词的动作之前,这个一般过去时态的动作可能在句中出现,可能含在上下文里。
比较:
HehaslivedinTianjinfortenyears.()
HelivedinTianjinfortenyears.()
HesaidhehadlivedinTianjinfortenyears.()
★综合运用练习:
改错:
1.I’mlivinginTianjinsince1993.2.Haveyouhadgoodweatherlastweekend?
3.Ican’tgoonholidaybecauseIbrokemyleg.4.Whathaveyoubeendoingbeforeyouleftthatschool?
5.I’mwaitingforthreequartersofanhour.6.IstudiedEnglishallmylife.
7.Whohasgivenyouthatlovelynecklace?
8.I’vejustnowfallendownstairs.
9.Ihaven’tbeenknownhimforlong.10.I’vespokentothebosstodayaboutmyholiday.
11.It’salongtimesinceyoudidn’tcometoseeme.12.TomseesalotofAlicelately.
四完成时在Itisthefirsttime+that分句”中的用法
在Itis/was/willbethefirsttime+that结构中,当主句动词为is/willbe时,that分句动词一律用现在完成时态,引导词可以省略。
如:
It’sthefirsttimeI’vebeenhere.Don’tforget,itwillbethefirsttimeI’vetaught.
当然,主句的主语还可以用this,thisevening,yesterday等,first也可用其它序数词,time可由其它名词代替。
如:
Thisisthesecondtimethat____________________________________.
It’sthefirstmonththat_______________________________________.
(思考:
当主句动词为was时,that分句动词用什么时态呢?
答____________________________________.)
★提高练习:
填空:
1.A:
IsyournewcargoingOK?
B:
Oh,yes,verywell.It’sthefirstFordwe___________(have)andImustsayI’mveryhappywithit.
2:
Iwasluckybecausethat_____(be)thesecondtimeI_____________(visit)Guilinthatyear.
3.A:
AreyougoingtoJapanforholidaythisyear?
B:
No,we__________(stay)athome.It__________(be)thefirstholidayI____________(notbe)abroad.
4.A:
I’mworriedaboutteachingnextweek.It________(be)thefirsttimeI_________(teach)children.
B:
Don’tworry,it’llbeabitdifficultthefirsttimeyou________(teach)them,butthesecondtimeit’llbeOK.
现在完成时态:
定义:
现在完成时(Presentperfect)过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果,过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。
基本结构:
主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)e.gdone①肯定句:
主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语.②否定句:
主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语.③一般疑问句:
Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语.④特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词(V-ed)+其他)
(1)现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却用法:
和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在,也就是说,动作发生在过去,而对现在造成的影响和结果.Ihavespentallofmymoney.(现在我没有钱花了.)Janehaslaidthetable.(简已经摆好了桌子)Michaelhasbeenill.(现在仍然很虚弱)Hehasreturnedfromabroad.(现在已在此地)
(2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用.①for+时段为…时间②since+过去一个时间点(译为:
自从……以来)③since+时段+ago④since+从句(过去时)●⑤Itis+时段+since+从句(过去时)Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.●注:
瞬间动词(buy,die,join,lose……)不能直接与forsince连用。
要改变动词come/arrive/reach/getto-----beingoout----beoutfinish----beoveropen----beopendie----bedeadBuy---haveFallill---beillComeback---bebackPuton---beon/wearWorry---beworriedCatchacold---haveacold………………
★1.have代替buyMybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.★2、用keep或have代替borrowIhavekept(不能用haveborrowed)thebookforquiteafewdays.★3、用be替代becomeHowlonghasyoursisterbeenateacher?
★4、用haveacold代替catchacoldTomhashadacoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday.★5、用wear代替putonb)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词1、be+married代marry2、be+ill代fall(get)ill3、be+dead代die4、be+asleep代fall(get)asleep5、be+awake代wake/wakeup6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be+open代open8、beclosed代close/shut9、be+missing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be+副词”代终止性动词1“be+on”代start,begin2“be+up”代getup3“be+back(to)”代returnto,comebackto,gobackto4“behere(there)”代come(arrive,reach,get)here或go(arrive,reach,get)there等等d)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词1.“bein/at+地点”代替goto/cometo2.用beinthearmy代替jointhearmy3.“bein/at+地点”代替moveto常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表:
1.havearrivedat/insw.gotto/reachedsw.come/gone/movedtosw.havebeeninsw./at…相应的介词2.havecome/goneback/returnedhavebeenback3.havecome/goneouthavebeenout4.havebecomehavebeen5.haveclosed/openedhavebeenclosed/opened6.havegotuphavebeenup;7.havediedhavebeendead;8.haveleftsw.havebeenawayfromsw.9.havefallenasleep/gottosleephavebeenasleep;10.havefinished/ended/completedhavebeenover;11.havemarriedhavebeenmarried;12.havestarted/beguntodosth.havedonesth.;13.havebegunhavebeenon14.haveborrowed/boughthavekept/had15.havelosthaven’thad16.haveputonhaveworn17.havecaught/getacoldhavehadacold;18.havegottoknowhaveknown19.have/hasgonetohavebeenin20.havejoined/havetakenpartintheleague/theParty/thearmyhavebeenamemberof/havebeenin/havebeentheParty’smember/theleaguemember/thesoldier…用法注意:
1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用,(如表示过去的时间状语)如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等,除非与for,since连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already(肯定),yet(否定,疑问),just,before,recently,still,lately,never等:
Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.Ihaven'tseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).
Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet?
3.现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,onseveraloccasion等:
HaveyoueverbeentoBeijingIhaveneverheardBunnysayanythingagainsther.Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Itisstillgood.Georgehasmetthatgentlemanonseveraloccasions.4.现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now,uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,thismorning/week/month/year,just,today,uptopresent,sofar等:
Peterhaswri
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