urdg758中英对照.docx
- 文档编号:7043702
- 上传时间:2023-01-16
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:31
- 大小:43.61KB
urdg758中英对照.docx
《urdg758中英对照.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《urdg758中英对照.docx(31页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
urdg758中英对照
URDG758
TheURDG758aretheUniformRulesforDemandGuarantees-effective01July2010.
Foreword
ThisrevisionofICC'sUniformRulesforDemandGuarantees(URDG)isthefirstsincetherulesweredevelopedbyICCin1991.Theoriginalrules,URDG458,gainedbroadinternationalacceptanceinrecentyearsfollowingtheirincorporationbytheWorldBankinitsguaranteeformsandtheirendorsementbyUNCITRALandleadingindustryassociations,suchasFIDIC.
Thisfirstrevisionoftheruleswasmeticulouslypreparedoveraperiodoftwoandahalfyears,andistheresultofacollectiveeffortbyanumberofICCconstituentgroups.ItwasdevelopedasajointprojectbytwoICCcommissions-theBankingCommissionandtheCommissiononCommercialLawandPractice-thereforetakingintoaccountthelegitimateexpectationsofallrelevantsectors.ICCnationalcommitteescontributedsubstantiallytothefinalproduct:
some52nationalcommitteessubmittedseveralhundredpagesofvaluablesuggestionsonsuccessivedrafts,anumberofwhichwereincorporatedintothefinaltext.
TheICCTaskForceonGuarantees,whichconsistedof40membersfrom26countries,reviewedthevariousdraftsandaddedtheirownsuggestions.TheURDGDraftingGroup,ablychairedbyDrGeorgesAffaki,metonanumberofoccasions,carefullyreviewedallcommentssubmittedbynationalcommitteesandtheTaskForceanddevelopedthefinaldraft.
Thiscollectiveefforthasbornefruit;ithasproducedrulesthatreflectabroadconsensusamongbankers,usersandallmembersoftheguaranteecommunity.Infact,thepresentrevisionoftheURDGdoesnotmerelyupdatetheexistingrules.Itistheresultofanambitiousprojecttocreateanewsetofrulesforthetwenty-firstcenturythatisclearer,morepreciseandmorecomprehensive.Assuch,URDG758isdestinedtobecomethestandardtextfordemandguaranteesworldwide.
JeanRozwadowski
SecretaryGeneral
InternationalChamberofCommerce
January2010
Introduction
ThenewURDG758succeedURDG458.Over17yearsofpractice(1992-2009),URDG458provedtobebothsuccessfulandreliable.Theywereusedbybanksandbusinessesacrosscontinentsandindustrysectors.URDG458wereendorsedbyinternationalorganizations,multilateralfinancialinstitutions,bankregulators,lawmakersandprofessionalfederations.IncontrasttothefailedUniformRulesforContractGuarantees(URCG325),URDG458reflectedtherealityoftheinternationaldemandguaranteemarketandstruckthemostreasonablebalancebetweentheinterestsofallthepartiesinvolved.BychoosingtoinstructaguarantortoissueademandguaranteesubjecttoURDG,applicantsrenouncedtheirabilitytoobstructpaymentforreasonsderivedfromtheirrelationshipwiththebeneficiary.Inturn,beneficiarieswereexpectedtostateingeneralterms-butnottojustify,establishorprove-thenatureoftheapplicant'sbreachintheperformanceoftheunderlyingrelationship.Finally,becauseademandguaranteeisanindependentundertaking,guarantorswereassuredthattheircommitmentwassubjecttoitsownterms.Theywereinsulatedfromtheperformancecontingenciesoftheunderlyingrelationship.
Theirincrementaluse,backedbythesupportofICC,enabledURDG458tomakeacriticalcontributiontowardslevellingtheplayingfieldamongdemandguaranteeissuersandusersregardlessofthelegal,economicorsocialsysteminwhichtheyoperate.
Yet,URDG458formedthefirstattemptbyICCtocodifyindependentguaranteepractice.Overtheyears,theapplicationoftheirprovisionsshedlightontheneedfordraftingadjustments,clarifications,expansionofscopeorclearcorrectionsoftheadoptedstandard.ViewsreportedtotheICCTaskForceonGuaranteesfromURDGusersworldwideprovidedthenecessarymaterialtolauncharevisionofURDG458thatboththelapseoftimeandtheevolutionofpracticemadenecessary.Therevisionwaslaunchedin2007andwasconductedundertheaegisofboththeICCBankingCommissionandtheCommissiononCommercialLawandPractice(CLP).
TheICCTaskForceonGuarantees,thestandingexpertbodycreatedbyICCin2003tomonitorinternationalguaranteepractice,actedasaconsultativebodytoaDraftingGroupthatproducedfivecomprehensivedraftsduringthetwoandahalfyearrevisionprocess.EachdraftwassubmittedforreviewandcommentstoICCnationalcommittees.Over600setsofcommentswerereceivedfromatotalof52countriesandwerethoroughlyexamined.Thesecommentswereinstrumentalinshapingthenewrules.RegularprogressreportswerepresentedtomeetingsofeachoftheICCcommissionsconsideringtherulesandwerecomprehensivelydebated.Thismethodensuredthattherevisiontakesintoaccountviewsreceivedfromabroadcross-sectorofconcernedparties.
TheresultingURDG758wereadoptedbytheICCExecutiveBoardon3December2009,followingendorsementbythemembersofthetwosponsoringcommissions.TheywillcomeintoforceonJuly1,2010.Thenewrulesapplytoanydemandguaranteeorcounter-guaranteewhereincorporatedbyreferenceinthetext.Theycanalsoapplyastradeusageorbyimplicationfromaconsistentcourseofdealingbetweenthepartiestothedemandguaranteeorcounter-guaranteewheresoprovidedbytheapplicablelaw.
ThenewURDG758donotmerelyupdateURDG458;theyaretheresultofanambitiousprocessthatseekstobringanewsetofrulesfordemandguaranteesintothe21stcentury,rulesthatareclearer,morepreciseandmorecomprehensive.
ClearerURDG.ThenewURDG758aimforclarity.TheyadoptthedraftingstyleofICC'suniversallyacceptedUniformRulesforDocumentaryCredits(UCP600)bybringingtogetherthedefinitionsoftermsinonearticle.Theyalsobringamuchneededclarificationoftheprocessaccordingtowhichapresentationwillbecheckedforconformity.
MorepreciseURDG.AnumberofthestandardscontainedinURDG458leftamarginforinterpretationthatvariedaccordingtotheparticularfactsofthecase.Thiswasparticularlytruefortheterms"reasonabletime"and"reasonablecare".ThenewURDGhaveexcludedallimprecisestandardswithanaimtofostercertaintyandpredictability.Examplesaretimedurationsfortheexaminationofademand,theextensionofaguaranteeinthecaseofforcemajeure,andthesuspensionoftheguaranteeinthecaseofanextendorpaydemand.
MorecomprehensiveURDG.ImportantpracticeswereleftoutofURDG458.Thiswasparticularlythecasefortheadviceofaguarantee,amendments,standardsforexaminationofpresentations,partial,multipleandincompletedemands,linkageofdocuments,andtransferofguarantees.Inaddition,therewasonlyfragmentarytreatmentofcounter-guarantees.Whatwasunderstandableatthetimeofthefirstattempttocodifydemandguaranteepracticecannolongerbeaccepted17yearslater.ThenewURDG758nowcoverallofthesepracticesandmakeclearthatprovisionsgoverningguaranteesapplyequallytocounter-guarantees.
BalancedURDG.ThenewURDG758endorseandbuildonthebalancedapproachthatcharacterizedURDG458.Forexample:
-Thebeneficiaryisentitledtopaymentuponpresentationofacomplyingdemandwithouttheneedfortheguarantortoseektheapplicant'sapproval.ThenewURDGalsocorrectanunfairsituationthatwouldhaveleftthebeneficiarywithoutrecoursetotheguaranteeinthecaseofforcemajeureifitsexpirycoincidedwiththeinterruptionoftheguarantor'sbusiness.
-Theguarantor'sindependentroleisexpressedinstrongerandclearertermsand,moreimportantly,itisnowexpressedinexclusivelydocumentaryterms.ThenewURDGexpecttheguarantortoactdiligently.Forinstance,aguarantorisexpectedtorejectanon-complyingdemandwithinfivebusinessdaysbysendingarejectionnoticethatlistsallofthediscrepancies;otherwise,theguarantorwillbeprecludedfromclaimingthatthedemandisnon-complyingandwillbecompelledtopay.LargelyacceptedindocumentarycreditpracticeundertheUCP,thepreclusionsanctionisnecessarytodisciplineunfairpracticesthatworktothedetrimentofthebeneficiary.
-Theapplicant'srighttobeinformedoftheoccurrenceofthekeystagesinthelifecycleoftheguaranteeisacknowledgedinthenewrules.However,thisinformationshouldnotbeaprerequisiteforpaymentwhenacomplyingdemandispresented.
InnovativeURDG.ThenewURDG758featureanumberofinnovationsdictatedbythedevelopmentofpracticeandtheneedtoavoiddisputes.Anexampleisthenewrulethatproposesasubstitutionofcurrencieswhenpaymentinthecurrencyspecifiedintheguaranteebecomesimpossible.Anotherexampleisthenewterminationmechanismforguaranteesthatstateneitheranexpirydatenoranexpiryevent.Thissolutionisexpectedtoreducethenumberofopen-endedguaranteesthatseverelypenalizeapplicantsandareincompatiblewiththebanks'capitalrequirements.
TheGuide.Therationale,preparatoryworkandinterpretationofeacharticleofthenewURDG758canbefoundinaseparatelyreleasedGuidetotherules(ICCPublicationNo.702).
ThenewURDG758package.Thenewrulesareaccompaniedbyamodelguaranteeandcounter-guaranteeformfeaturedattheendofthispublication.TheyaredestinedtoevolveintoanindispensablecompaniontothenewURDG758andtheirusers.Experienceshowsthatacomprehensiveready-to-usepackagethatcombinesboththerulesandmodelformsismoreattractivetousersthanthepreviouslyseparateICCpublicationsNos.458and503.Itshouldalsobeconducivetomoreharmonizedapractice.
IndraftingthenewURDG758modelguaranteeform,aunitaryapproachwaspreferredtoonethatwouldhaveconsis
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- urdg758 中英对照