生成树协议配置实验.docx
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生成树协议配置实验.docx
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生成树协议配置实验
实验生成树配置
【实验名称】
生成树协议STP
【实验目的】
理解生成树协议STP的配置及原理。
【背景描述】
某学校为了开展计算机教学和网络办公,建立了一个计算机教室和一个校办公区,这两处的计算机网络通过两台交换机互连组成内部校园网,为了提高网络的可靠性,网络管理员用2条链路将交换机互连,现要在交换机上做适当配置,使网络避免环路。
本实验以2台S2126G交换机为例,2台交换机分别命名为SwitchA,SwitchB。
PC1与PC2在同一个网段,假设IP地址分别为192.168.0.137,192.168.0.136,网络掩码为255.255.255.0。
【实现功能】
使网络在有冗余链路的情况下避免环路的产生,避免广播风暴等。
【实验拓扑】
【实验设备】
S2126G(2台)
【实验步骤】
第一步:
在每台交换机上开启生成树协议.例如对SwitchA做如下配置:
SwitchA#configureterminal!
进入全局配置模式
SwitchA(config)#spanning-tree!
开启生成树协议
SwitchA(config)#end
验证测试:
验证生成树协议已经开启
SwitchA#showspanning-tree!
显示交换机生成树的状态
StpVersion:
MSTP
SysStpStatus:
Enabled
BaseNumPorts:
24
MaxAge:
20
HelloTime:
2
ForwardDelay:
15
BridgeMaxAge:
20
BridgeHelloTime:
2
BridgeForwardDelay:
15
MaxHops:
20
TxHoldCount:
3
PathCostMethod:
Long
BPDUGuard:
Disabled
BPDUFilter:
Disabled
######MST0vlansmapped:
All
BridgeAddr:
00d0.f8ef.9e89
Priority:
32768
TimeSinceTopologyChange:
0d:
0h:
0m:
8s
TopologyChanges:
0
DesignatedRoot:
800000D0F8EF9D09
RootCost:
200000
RootPort:
Fa0/1
CistRegionRoot:
800000D0F8EF9E89
CistPathCost:
0
SwitchA#showspanning-treeinterfacefastthernet0/1!
显示交换机接口fastthernet0/1的状态
PortAdminPortfast:
Disabled
PortOperPortfast:
Disabled
PortAdminLinkType:
auto
PortOperLinkType:
point-to-point
PortBPDUGuard:
Disabled
PortBPDUFilter:
Disabled
######MST0vlansmapped:
All
PortState:
forwarding!
显示接口fastthernet0/1处于转发(forwarding) 状态
PortPriority:
128
PortDesignatedRoot:
800000D0F8EF9D09
PortDesignatedCost:
0
PortDesignatedBridge:
800000D0F8EF9D09
PortDesignatedPort:
8001
PortForwardTransitions:
1
PortAdminPathCost:
0
PortOperPathCost:
200000
PortRole:
rootPort
第二步:
设置生成树模式
SwitchA(config)#spanning-treemodestp!
设置生成树模式为STP(802.1D)
验证测试:
验证生成树协模式为802.1D
SwitchA#showspanning-tree
StpVersion:
STP
SysStpStatus:
Enabled
BaseNumPorts:
24
MaxAge:
20
HelloTime:
2
ForwardDelay:
15
BridgeMaxAge:
20
BridgeHelloTime:
2
BridgeForwardDelay:
15
MaxHops:
20
TxHoldCount:
3
PathCostMethod:
Long
BPDUGuard:
Disabled
BPDUFilter:
Disabled
BridgeAddr:
00d0.f8ef.9e89
Priority:
32768
TimeSinceTopologyChange:
0d:
0h:
7m:
0s
TopologyChanges:
0
DesignatedRoot:
800000D0F8EF9D09
RootCost:
200000
RootPort:
Fa0/1
第三步:
设置交换机的优先级
SwitchA(config)#spanning-treepriority4096!
设置交换机SwitchA的优先级为4096,数值最小的交换机为根交换机(也称根桥),交换机SwitchB的优先级采用默认优先级(32768),因此SwitchA将成为根交换机。
验证测试:
验证交换机SwitchA的优先级
SwitchA#showspanning-tree
StpVersion:
STP
SysStpStatus:
Enabled
BaseNumPorts:
24
MaxAge:
20
HelloTime:
2
ForwardDelay:
15
BridgeMaxAge:
20
BridgeHelloTime:
2
BridgeForwardDelay:
15
MaxHops:
20
TxHoldCount:
3
PathCostMethod:
Long
BPDUGuard:
Disabled
BPDUFilter:
Disabled
BridgeAddr:
00d0.f8ef.9e89
Priority:
4096
TimeSinceTopologyChange:
0d:
0h:
0m:
0s
TopologyChanges:
26
DesignatedRoot:
100000D0F8EF9E89
RootCost:
0
RootPort:
0
第四步:
综合验证测试
1.验证交换机SwitchB的端口F0/1和F0/2的状态
SwitchB#showspanning-treeinterfacefastEthernet0/1!
显示SwitchB的端口fastthernet0/1的状态
PortAdminPortfast:
Disabled
PortOperPortfast:
Disabled
PortAdminLinkType:
auto
PortOperLinkType:
point-to-point
PortBPDUGuard:
Disabled
PortBPDUFilter:
Disabled
PortState:
forwarding !
SwitchB的端口fastthernet0/1处于转发(forwarding)状态
PortPriority:
128
PortDesignatedRoot:
200000D0F8EF9E89
PortDesignatedCost:
0
PortDesignatedBridge:
200000D0F8EF9E89
PortDesignatedPort:
8002
PortForwardTransitions:
22
PortAdminPathCost:
0
PortOperPathCost:
200000
PortRole:
rootPort
SwitchB#showspanning-treeinterfacefastEthernet0/2!
显示SwitchB的端口fastthernet0/2的状态
PortAdminPortfast:
Disabled
PortOperPortfast:
Disabled
PortAdminLinkType:
auto
PortOperLinkType:
point-to-point
PortBPDUGuard:
Disabled
PortBPDUFilter:
Disabled
PortState:
discarding !
SwitchB的端口fastthernet0/2处于阻塞(discarding)状态
PortPriority:
128
PortDesignatedRoot:
200000D0F8EF9E89
PortDesignatedCost:
200000
PortDesignatedBridge:
800000D0F8EF9D09
PortDesignatedPort:
8002
PortForwardTransitions:
39
PortAdminPathCost:
0
PortOperPathCost:
200000
PortRole:
alternatePort
2.验证网络拓扑发生变化时,ping的丢包情况
C:
\>ping192.168.0.136–t!
从主机PC1pingPC2(用连续ping),然后拔掉SwitchA与SwitchB的端口F0/1之间的连线,观察丢包情况。
显示结果如下:
以上结果显示丢包数为30个。
3.验证网络拓扑发生变化时,交换机SwitchB的端口2的状态变化,并观察生成树的收敛时间
SwitchB#showspanning-treeinterfacefastEthernet0/2!
显示SwitchB的端口fastthernet0/2的状态
PortAdminPortfast:
Disabled
PortOperPortfast:
Disabled
PortAdminLinkType:
auto
PortOperLinkType:
point-to-point
PortBPDUGuard:
Disabled
PortBPDUFilter:
Disabled
PortState:
forwarding !
SwitchB的端口fastthernet0/2转变为转发(forwarding)状态,转换时间大约32秒
PortPriority:
128
PortDesignatedRoot:
200000D0F8EF9E89
PortDesignatedCost:
200000
PortDesignatedBridge:
800000D0F8EF9D09
PortDesignatedPort:
8002
PortForwardTransitions:
40
PortAdminPathCost:
0
PortOperPathCost:
200000
PortRole:
rootPort
SwitchB#showspanning-treeinterfacefastEthernet0/2!
显示SwitchB的端口fastthernet0/2的状态
2003-04-2723:
27:
24@5-LINKUPDOWN:
Fa0/2changedstatetoup
2003-04-2723:
27:
53@4-TOPOCHANGE:
Topologyischanged
PortAdminPortfast:
Disabled
PortOperPortfast:
Disabled
PortAdminLinkType:
auto
PortOperLinkType:
point-to-point
PortBPDUGuard:
Disabled
PortBPDUFilter:
Disabled
PortState:
discarding !
SwitchB的端口fastthernet0/2转变为阻塞(discarding)状态,转换时间大约31秒
PortPriority:
128
PortDesignatedRoot:
200000D0F8EF9E89
PortDesignatedCost:
200000
PortDesignatedBridge:
800000D0F8EF9D09
PortDesignatedPort:
8002
PortForwardTransitions:
40
PortAdminPathCost:
0
PortOperPathCost:
200000
PortRole:
alternatePort
【注意事项】
锐捷交换机缺省是关闭spanning-tree的,因此,如果网络在物理上存在环路,则必须手工开启spanning-tree。
【参考配置】
SwitchA#showrun!
交换机SwitchA的全部配置
Buildingconfiguration...
Currentconfiguration:
122bytes
!
version1.0
!
hostnameSwitchA
spanning-treemodestp
spanning-tree
spanning-treemst0priority4096
end
SwitchB#showrun!
交换机SwitchB的全部配置
Buildingconfiguration...
Currentconfiguration:
85bytes
!
version1.0
!
hostnameSwitchB
spanning-treemodestp
spanning-tree
end
实验2
【实验名称】
快速生成树协议RSTP
【实验目的】
理解生成树协议RSTP的配置及原理。
【背景描述】
某学校为了开展计算机教学和网络办公,建立了一个计算机教室和一个校办公区,这两处的计算机网络通过两台交换机互连组成内部校园网,为了提高网络的可靠性,网络管理员用2条链路将交换机互连,现要在交换机上做适当配置,使网络避免环路。
本实验以2台S2126G交换机为例,2台交换机分别命名为SwitchA,SwitchB。
PC1与PC2在同一个网段,假设IP地址分别为192.168.0.137,192.168.0.136,网络掩码为255.255.255.0。
【实现功能】
使网络在有冗余链路的情况下避免环路的产生,避免广播风暴等。
【实验拓扑】
【实验设备】
S2126G(2台)
【实验步骤】
第一步:
在每台交换机上开启生成树协议.例如对SwitchA做如下配置:
SwitchA#configureterminal!
进入全局配置模式
SwitchA(config)#spanning-tree!
开启生成树协议
SwitchA(config)#end
验证测试:
验证生成树协议已经开启
SwitchA#showspanning-tree!
显示交换机生成树的状态
StpVersion:
STP
SysStpStatus:
Enabled
BaseNumPorts:
24
MaxAge:
20
HelloTime:
2
ForwardDelay:
15
BridgeMaxAge:
20
BridgeHelloTime:
2
BridgeForwardDelay:
15
MaxHops:
20
TxHoldCount:
3
PathCostMethod:
Long
BPDUGuard:
Disabled
BPDUFilter:
Disabled
BridgeAddr:
00d0.f8ef.9e89
Priority:
4096
TimeSinceTopologyChange:
0d:
0h:
8m:
55s
TopologyChanges:
0
DesignatedRoot:
100000D0F8EF9E89
RootCost:
0
RootPort:
0
SwitchA#showspanning-treeinterfacefastthernet0/1!
显示交换机接口fastthernet0/1的状态
PortAdminPortfast:
Disabled
PortOperPortfast:
Disabled
PortAdminLinkType:
auto
PortOperLinkType:
point-to-point
PortBPDUGuard:
Disabled
PortBPDUFilter:
Disabled
PortState:
forwarding!
接口fastthernet0/1处于转发(forwarding) 状态
PortPriority:
128
PortDesignatedRoot:
100000D0F8EF9E89
PortDesignatedCost:
0
PortDesignatedBridge:
100000D0F8EF9E89
PortDesignatedPort:
8001
PortForwardTransitions:
3
PortAdminPathCost:
0
PortOperPathCost:
200000
PortRole:
designatedPort
SwitchA#showspanning-treeinterfacefastthernet0/2!
显示交换机接口fastthernet0/2的状态
PortAdminPortfast:
Disabled
PortOperPortfast:
Disabled
PortAdminLinkType:
auto
PortOperLinkType:
point-to-point
PortBPDUGuard:
Disabled
PortBPDUFilter:
Disabled
PortState:
forwarding!
接口fastthernet0/2处于转发(forwarding) 状态
PortPriority:
128
PortDesignatedRoot:
100000D0F8EF9E89
PortDesignatedCost:
0
PortDesignatedBridge:
100000D0F8EF9E89
PortDesignatedPort:
8002
PortForwardTransitions:
3
PortAdminPathCost:
0
PortOperPathCost:
200000
PortRole:
designatedPort
第二步:
设置生成树模式
SwitchA(config)#spanning-treerstp!
设置生成树模式为802.1W
验证测试:
验证生成树协模式为802.1W
SwitchA#showspanning-tree
StpVersion:
RSTP
SysStpStatus:
Enabled
BaseNumPorts:
24
MaxAge:
20
HelloTime:
2
ForwardDelay:
15
BridgeMaxAge:
20
BridgeHelloTime:
2
BridgeForwardDelay:
15
MaxHops:
20
TxHoldCount:
3
PathCostMethod:
Long
BPDUGuard:
Disabled
BPDUFilter:
Disabled
BridgeAddr:
00d0.f8ef.9e89
Priority:
4096
TimeSinceTopologyChange:
0d:
0h:
11m:
39s
TopologyChanges:
0
DesignatedRoot:
100000D0F8EF9E89
RootCost:
0
RootPort:
0
第三步:
设置交换机的优先级
SwitchA(config)#spanning-treepriority8192!
设置交换机SwithA的优先级为8192
验证测试:
验证交换机SwithA的优先级
SwitchA#showspanning-tree
StpVersion:
RSTP
SysStpStatus:
Enabled
BaseNumPorts:
24
MaxAge:
20
HelloTime:
2
ForwardDelay:
15
BridgeMaxAge:
20
BridgeHelloTime:
2
BridgeForwardDelay:
15
MaxHops:
20
TxHoldCount:
3
PathCostMethod:
Long
BPDUGuard:
Disabled
BPDUFilter:
Disabled
BridgeAddr:
00d0.f8ef.9e89
Priority:
8192
TimeSinceTopologyChange:
0d:
0h:
13m:
43s
TopologyChanges:
0
DesignatedRoot:
200000D0F8EF9E89
RootCost:
0
RootPort:
0
第四步:
综合验证测试
1.验证交换机SwitchB的端口1和2的状态
SwitchB#showspanning-treeinterfacefastEthernet0/1!
显示SwitchB的端口fastthernet0/1的状态
PortAdminPortfast:
Disabled
PortOperPortfast:
Disabled
PortAdminLinkType:
auto
PortOperLinkType:
point-to-point
PortBPDUGuard:
Disabled
PortBPDUFilter:
Disabled
PortState:
forwarding !
SwitchB的端口fastthernet0/1处于转发(forwarding)状态
PortPriority:
128
PortDesignatedRoot:
200000D0F8EF9E89
PortDesignatedCost:
0
PortDesignatedBridge:
200000D0F8EF9E89
PortDesignatedPort:
8001
PortForwardTransi
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