gre最新练习题.docx
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gre最新练习题.docx
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gre最新练习题
SECTION1
Time–30minutes
18Questions
1.WhilemanyRussiancomposersofthe
nineteenthcenturycontributedtoanemerging
nationalstyle,othercomposersdidnot----
idiomaticRussianmusicalelements,----instead
thetraditionalmusicalvocabularyofWestern
EuropeanRomanticism.
(A)utilize..rejecting
(B)incorporate..preferring
(C)exclude..avoiding
(D)repudiate..expanding
(E)esteem..disdaining
2.BecausethepainterAlbertPinkhamRyderwas
obsessedwithhis----perfection,hewasrarely
----apainting,creatingendlessvariationsofa
sceneononecanvas,oneontopofanother.
(A)questfor..satisfiedwith
(B)insistenceon..displeasedwith
(C)contemptfor..disconcertedby
(D)alienationfrom..immersedin
(E)needfor..concernedwith
3.Objectivelysetstandardscanserveasa----for
physicians,providingthem----unjustified
malpracticeclaims.
(A)trial..evidenceof
(B)model..experiencewith
(C)criterion..reasonsfor
(D)test..questionsabout
(E)safeguard..protectionfrom
4.Inspiteof----reviewsinthepress,the
productionofherplaywas----almostcertain
oblivionbyenthusiasticaudienceswhose
acumenwasgreaterthanthatofthecritics.
(A)lukewarm..condemnedto
(B)scathing..exposedto
(C)lackluster..rescuedfrom
(D)sensitive..reducedto
(E)admiring..insuredagainst
5.Thepassionsofloveandprideareoftenfound
inthesameindividual,buthavinglittlein
common,theymutually----,nottosaydestroy,
eachother.
(A)reinforce
(B)annihilate
(C)enhance
(D)weaken
(E)embrace
6.Thenecessityofestablishingdiscretecategories
forobservationsfrequentlyleadstoattemptsto
makeabsolute----whenthereareinreality
only----.
(A)analyses..hypotheses
(B)correlations..digressions
(C)distinctions..gradations
(D)complications..ambiguities
(E)conjectures..approximations
7.AuniqueclaydiskfoundattheMinoansiteof
Phaistosisoften----astheearliestexampleof
printingbyscholarswhohavedefendeditsclaim
tothisstatusdespiteequivalentclaimsput
forwardforotherprintingartifacts.
(A)questioned
(B)overlooked
(C)adduced
(D)conceded
(E)dismissed
8.EXEMPT:
LIABILITY:
:
(A)flout:
authority
(B)bestow:
reward
(C)permit:
request
(D)restrain:
disorder
(E)pardon:
penalty
免除:
债务,义务
嘲笑,违抗:
权威
捐赠:
奖品,奖金
允许:
要求
抑制,控制:
混乱
宽恕:
惩罚(答案)
*:
消除关系.
9.FULL-BODIED:
FLAVOR:
:
(A)penetrating:
vision
(B)humorous:
character
(C)salacious:
language
(D)nostalgic:
feeling
(E)resonant:
sound
气味浓烈的:
味道
尖锐的,穿透的:
视觉
幽默的:
性格
淫秽的:
语言
乡思的,怀旧的:
心情
洪亮的:
声音(答案)
*:
形容词修饰名词.(多一重强力的感觉)
10.LEGACY:
PREDECESSOR:
:
(A)gift:
donor
(B)gratuity:
service
(C)contribution:
charity
(D)receipt:
customer
(E)loan:
collector
遗产:
前辈
礼品:
捐赠者(答案)
小费:
服务
贡献:
仁慈
收据:
顾客
贷款:
收集者
*:
事物及其过去的所有者
11.HERO:
ADMIRABLE:
:
(A)critic:
capricious
(B)braggart:
surly
(C)eccentric:
unconventional
(D)anarchist:
powerful
(E)enemy:
immoral
英雄:
可敬的
批评家:
反复无常的
吹牛者:
粗暴的,无礼的
古怪的人:
不遵从传统的
无政府主义者:
强有力的
敌人:
不道德的
*:
正面特征
12.GALVANIZE:
STIMULATE:
:
(A)agitate:
occlude
(B)incubate:
humidify
(C)sterilize:
separate
(D)irrigate:
flush
(E)purify:
amalgamate
通电,激励:
刺激
鼓动:
阻塞,防碍
培育:
使潮湿
使贫瘠,除菌:
分离
灌溉:
淹没(答案)
纯化:
混合
*:
正面特征
13.MANIFEST:
PERCEIVE:
:
(A)porous:
tear
(B)renovated:
improve
(C)doubtful:
assess
(D)brittle:
break
(E)elite:
qualify
明显的:
觉察
多孔的:
撕裂
被改革的:
提高,改进
可疑的:
估价
易碎的:
打碎(容易关系)
精英:
使合格
*:
容易关系
14.LOOSE:
CONFINEMENT:
:
(A)forgive:
injury
(B)promulgate:
rule
(C)disabuse:
misconception
(D)redress:
allegation
(E)disengage:
independence
释放:
监禁
原谅:
伤害
宣传,传播:
规则
打消错误念头:
错误观点(答案)
校正:
指控,断言
使解脱:
独立
*:
消除关系
15.BLANDISHMENT:
COAX:
:
(A)prevarication:
deceive
(B)reverie:
dream
(C)persuasion:
coerce
(D)enticement:
impoverish
(E)explanation:
mislead
甜言蜜语哄骗:
哄骗
支吾,说谎:
欺骗(答案)
幻想曲:
做梦
说服,劝说:
强迫
引诱:
使贫困
解释:
误导
*:
动作及其目的关系.理解成同义词也行.
16.CONVULSION:
CONTRACTION:
:
(A)aggression:
attack
(B)sulkiness:
punishment
(C)persistence:
acquiescence
(D)frenzy:
emotion
(E)indifference:
greeting
痉挛:
收缩
侵略,进攻:
打击,进攻(同义词)
阴沉,郁闷:
惩罚
坚持:
默许,同意
疯狂:
激动(答案)
不关心,冷淡:
问候(反面特征)
*:
程度类比(前者是剧烈的后者)
Muchoftheresearchonhallucinogenicdrugssuch
asLSDhasfocusedontheneurotransmitterserotonin,
achemicalthatwhenreleasedfromapresynaptic
serotonin-secretingneuroncausesthetransmissionof
(5)anerveimpulseacrossasynapsetoanadjacent
postsynaptic,ortarget,neuron.Therearetwomajor
reasonsforthisemphasis.First,itwasdiscovered
earlyonthatmanyofthemajorhallucinogenshavea
molecularstructuresimilartothatofserotonin.In
(10)addition,animalstudiesofbrainneurochemistry
followingadministrationofhallucinogensinvariably
reportedchangesinserotoninlevels.
Earlyinvestigatorscorrectlyreasonedthatthe
structuralsimilaritytotheserotoninmoleculemight
(15)implythatLSD’seffectsarebroughtaboutbyan
actionontheneurotransmissionofserotonininthe
brain.Unfortunately,theleveloftechnicalexpertise
inthefieldofbrainresearchwassuchthatthis
hypothesishadtobetestedonperipheraltissue
(20)(tissueoutsidethebrain).Twodifferentgroupsof
scientistsreportedthatLSDpowerfullyblockaded
serotonin’saction.Theirconclusionswerequickly
challenged,however.Wenowknowthattheaction
ofadrugatonesiteinthebodydoesnotnecessarily
(25)correspondtothedrug’sactionatanothersite,
especiallywhenonesiteisinthebrainandtheother
isnot.
Bythe1960’s,technicaladvancespermittedthe
directtestingofthehypothesisthatLSDandrelated
(30)hallucinogensactbydirectlysuppressingtheactivity
ofserotonin-secretingneuronsthemselves—theso-
calledpresynaptichypothesis.Researchersreasoned
thatifthehllucinogenicdrugsactbysuppressingthe
activityofserotonin-secretingneurons,thendrugs
(35)administeredaftertheseneuronshadbeendestroyed
shouldhavenoeffectonbehavior,becausethe
systemwouldalreadybemaximallysuppressed.
Contrarytotheirexpectations,neurondestruction
enhancedtheeffectofLSDandrelatedhallucinogens
(40)onbehavior.Thus,hallucinogenicdrugsapparently
donotactdirectlyonserotonin-secretingneurons.
However,theseandotheravailabledatadosupport
analternativehypothesis,thatLSDandrelateddrugs
actdirectlyatreceptorsitesonserotonintarget
(45)neurons(thepostsynaptichypothesis).Thefactthat
LSDelicits“serotoninsyndrome”—thatis,causes
thesamekindsofbehaviorsasdoestheadminis-
trationofserotonin—inanimalswhosebrainsare
depletedofserotoninindicatesthatLSDactsdirectly
(50)onserotoninreceptors,ratherthanindirectlythrough
thereleaseofstoresofserotonin.Theenhancedeffect
ofLSDreportedafterserotonindepletioncouldbe
duetoaproliferationofserotoninreceptorsiteson
serotonintargetneurons.Thisphenomenonoften
(55)followsneurondestructionorneurotransmitter
depletion;theincreaseinthenumberofreceptorsites
appearstobeacompensatoryresponsetodecreased
input.Significantly,thishypothesisissupportedby
datafromanumberofdifferentlaboratories.
17.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthe
followingisoneoftheprimaryfactorsthatled
researchersstudyinghallucinogenicdrugsto
focusonserotonin?
(A)Thesuppressionoftheactivityofserotonin-
secretingneuronsbytheadministrationof
hallucinogens
(B)Theobservedsimilaritiesinthechemical
structuresofserotoninandhallucinogens
(C)Theeffectstheadministrationof
hallucinogenshasonserotoninproduction
inthehumanbrain
(D)Serotonin-inducedchangesintheeffectsof
hallucinogensonbehavior
(E)Hallucinogen-inducedchangesintheeffects
ofserotoninonbehavior
18.Itcanbeinferredthatresearchersabandonedthe
presynaptichypothesisbecause
(A)anewandmoreattractivehypothesiswas
suggested
(B)noresearchwasreportedthatsupportedthe
hypothesis
(C)researchresultsprovidedevidenceto
counterthehypothesis
(D)thehypothesiswassupportedonlyby
studiesofanimalsandnotbystudiesof
humanbeings
(E)theleveloftechnicalexpertiseinthefieldof
brainresearchdidnotpermitadequate
testingofthehypothesis
19.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemain
ideaofthepassage?
(A)Researchhassuggestedthatthe
neurotransmitterserotoninisresponsiblefor
theeffectsofhallucinogenicdrogsonthe
brainandonbehavior.
(B)Researchershavespentaninadequateamount
oftimedevelopingtheoriesconcerningtheway
inwhichtheeffectsofhallucinogenicdrugsoccur.
(C)Researchresultsstronglysuggestthat
hallucinogenicdrugscreatetheireffectsby
actingontheserotoninreceptorsiteslocated
ontargetneuronsinthebrain.
(D)Researchershaverecentlymadevaluable
discoveriesconcerningtheeffectsof
depletingtheamountofserotonininthe
brain.
(E)Researchershaveconcludedthathallucinogenic
drugssuppresstheactivityofserotonin-secreting
neurons.
20.Theresearchdescribedinthepassageis
primarilyconcernedwithansweringwhichof
thefollowingquestions?
(A)Howcanresearcherscontroltheeffectsthat
LSDhasonbehavior?
(B)Howareanimals’reactionstoLSDdifferent
fromthoseofhumanbeings?
(C)WhattriggerstheeffectsthatLSDhason
humanbehavior?
(D)Whattechnicaladvanceswouldpermit
researchers
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