高级英语第一册 Unit 10 The Trial That Rocked the World.docx
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高级英语第一册 Unit 10 The Trial That Rocked the World.docx
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高级英语第一册Unit10TheTrialThatRockedtheWorld
Unit10TheTrialThatRockedtheWorld
震撼世界的审判
JohnScopes约翰•司科普斯
01. AbuzzranthroughthecrowdasItookmyplaceinthepackedcourtonthatswelteringJulydayin1925.ThecounselformydefencewasthefamouscriminallawyerClarenceDarrow.LeadingcounselfortheprosecutionwasWilliamJenningsBryan,thesilver-tonguedorator,threetimesDemocraticnomineeforPresidentoftheUnitedStates,andleaderofthefundamentalistmovementthathadbroughtaboutmytrial.
在一九二五年七月的那个酷热日子里,当我在挤得水泄不通的法庭里就位时,人群中响起一阵嘁嘁喳喳的议论声。
我的辩护人是著名刑事辩护律师克拉伦斯•达罗。
担任主控官的则是能说会道的演说家威廉•詹宁斯•布莱恩,他曾三次被民主党提名为美国总统候选人,而且还是导致我这次受审的基督教原教旨主义运动的领导人。
LanguagePoints—Para.1(cf:
对比)
1.buzz:
[bʌz]anoiseofalowhum,lowconfusedwhisper低语,(蜂等)嗡嗡叫
2.sweltering:
veryhot,causingunpleasantness,torrid['tɔ:
rid],sultry['sʌltri]闷热的,热得发昏的;酷热
3.counsel:
['kaunsəl]agroupofoneormorelawyers(barristers['bæristə])actingforsomeoneinacourtoflaw
律师、辩护人
eg:
Thejudgeaskedcounselforthedefencetoexplainhispoint.法官要求律师辩解他的观点。
eg:
Counselareagreed.
cf:
council:
['kaunsil]agroupofpeopleappointedorelectedtomakelaws,rules,ordecisions议会
councillor:
amemberofacouncil议员
counsellor:
(AmEcounselor)参赞
4.prosecution:
[,prɔsi'kju:
ʃən]theactofbringingacriminalchargeagainstsb.inacourtoflaw起诉、控诉
5.silver-tongued:
(lit.)abletogivefinepersuadingspeeches,eloquent['eləkwənt]雄辩的、有口才的
6.orator:
['ɔrətə]agoodpublicspeaker,apersonwhodeliversanoration演说
(formalandsolemn['sɔləm]庄严的publicspeeches)演说者、雄辩家(oral词根)
7.nominee:
[,nɔmi'ni:
]apersonwhohasbeennominated['nɔmi,neit]提名,whohasbeennamedofficiallyfor
electiontoaposition,office,honour,etc.
eg:
aNobelPrizenominee/apresidentialnominee诺贝尔奖被提名人/总统被提名(候选人)
-ee:
sb.beingdoneforotherperson被动(-er主动)
8.bringabout:
cause
eg:
TheInternet/Scientistshavebroughtaboutgreatchangesinourlives.
02.AfewweeksbeforeIhadbeenanunknownschool-teacherinDayton,alittletowninthemountainsofTennessee.NowIwasinvolvedinatrialreportedtheworldover.Seatedincourt,readytotestifyonmybehalf,wereadozendistinguishedprofessorsandscientists,ledbyProfessorKirtleyMatherofHarvardUniversity.Morethan100reporterswereonhand,andevenradioannouncers,whoforthefirsttimeinhistoryweretobroadcastajurytrial."Don'tworry,son,we'llshowthemafewtricks,"Darrowhadwhisperedthrowingareassuringarmroundmyshoulderaswewerewaitingforthecourttoopen.
几个星期之前,我还只是田纳西州山区小镇戴顿的一名默默无闻的中学教员,而现在我却成了一次举世瞩目的庭审活动的当事人。
在法庭就座为我作证的有以哈佛大学的科特里•马瑟教授为首的十几位有名望的教授和科学家。
到场的还有一百多名新闻记者,甚至还有一些广播电台的播音员,他们也要破天荒地播放一次庭审实况。
就在我们静候着法庭开审的当儿,达罗关切地搂住我的肩膀低声安慰道:
“别担心,孩子,我们会给他们点厉害瞧瞧。
”
LanguagePoints—Para.2
1.involve:
(v.)tocausesb.tobecomeconnectedorconcerned
eg:
Don'tinvolveotherpeopleinyourmistakes.别让别人陷入你的错误中去。
eg:
Weareallinvolved,whetherwelikeitornot.不管我们喜欢与否,我们都被卷入了。
2.testify:
tomakeasolemnstatement,esp.underoath[əuθ]誓言inacourtoflaw,ofwhatistrue
eg:
Thewitnessestestify/(giveevidence)inthelawcourt.目击证人在法庭作证。
eg:
Onewitnesstestifiedthathe'sseentheprisonerrunoutofthebankafterithadbeenrobbed.
eg:
Thestolengoodsinhishometestifiedtohisguilt[gilt]犯罪.
3.onhand:
available,present在手边,在手头;出席
eg:
Pleasebeonhandat12sharp.请12点整准时出席。
eg:
Ihaveagreatdealofimportantworkonhand.我手头有一堆重要工作要做。
cf:
withinreach:
thedistanceonecanreach伸手可及的,能力所及
athand:
nearintimeorplace在附近,在手边;即将到来
eg:
Alwayshaveyourdictionaryonhand/withinreach/athandwhenyoustudy.
eg:
Allhisoldfriendswillbeonhand/presenttoseeJackreceivethemedalofhonour.
eg:
Iwantyoutobeathand/nearduringmyinterviewwiththebossofthecompany.
eg:
Thepostofficeiscloseathand.邮局快到了/邮局在附近。
4.reassure:
[,ri:
ə'ʃuə]comfortandmakesb.freefromfear,stopworryingoftenbysayingsth.kindorfriendly
eg:
Thedoctorreassuredthesickmanabouthishealth.医生是病人对他们的健康放心。
eg:
Shewon'tbelieveitinspiteofallourreassurance.尽管我们一再保证,他也不相信它。
cf:
assure:
causetobelieveortrustinsth.;promise
eg:
Thecaptainassuredthepassengersthattherewasnodanger.船长使乘客相信没有危险。
03.ThecasehaderuptedroundmyheadnotlongafterIarrivedinDaytonassciencemasterandfootballcoachatthesecondaryschool.Foranumberofyearsaclashhadbeenbuildingupbetweenthefundamentalistsandthemodernists.ThefundamentalistsadheredtoaliteralinterpretationoftheOldTestament.Themodernists,ontheotherhand,acceptedthetheoryadvancedbyCharlesDarwin--thatallanimallife,includingmonkeysandmen,hadevolvedfromacommonancestor.
我刚到戴顿中学任自然科学教员兼足球教练不久,这件案子就突然降临到我的头上。
若干年来,原教旨主义者和现代主义者之间就一直在酝酿着一场冲突。
原教旨主义者坚持严格按照字面意义去理解《旧约全书》,而现代主义者则接受查尔斯•达尔文的进化论——认为一切动物,包括猿和人,都是由同一个祖先进化而来的。
LanguagePoints—Para.3
1.erupt:
(ofavolcano)toexplodeandpouroutfire
(inthetext):
emerge,happenquickly,comedownuponunexpectedlyandviolently
eg:
Attheendofahotsummer,violenceeruptedintheinnercities.
炎热的夏天结束时,暴力在内陆城市爆发了。
2.build(sb./sth.)up:
toincreaseorbecomelargerorstronger
eg:
Tension['tenʃən]紧张isbuildingupbetweenthetwocommunities[kə'mju:
niti]社区.
eg:
Theygavehimsouptobuilduphisstrength/buildhimup
3.adhereto:
tofavourstrongly;stickfirmlyto;toholdorsupport
eg:
Thewallpaperwon'tadheretotheceiling['si:
liŋ].壁纸粘不到天花板上。
eg:
Theyadheretothecontract.他们支持/赞同这份合约。
eg:
Weshouldadheretothefourfundamentalprinciples.我们应该坚持四项基本原则。
cf:
persist:
tocontinuefirmlyinspiteofoppositionorwarning.
persist:
(vi.)tocontinuetoexist
persistindoing/adheretodoing
eg:
Ifyoupersistinmisbehaving['misbi'heiv]行为不礼貌、作弊,you'llbepunished.
eg:
Thesmellpersistedevenafterwecleanedtheroom.气味甚至持续到我们打扫完房间以后。
insist:
①todeclarefirmly(whenopposed),②toorder
eg:
Heinsistedonwritingatonce.eg:
Heinsistedthatshe(should)bepresent.
adhesive:
[əd'hi:
siv]substancesuchasaglue.胶水、胶黏剂
4.literal:
['litərəl]theliteralmeaningofawordisitsoriginal,basicmeaning.照字面的,原义的
eg:
Theliteralmeaningof‘television’is‘seeingfromadistance’.
04.FundamentalismwasstronginTennessee,andthestatelegislaturehadrecentlypassedalawprohibitingtheteachingof"anytheorythatdeniesthestoryofcreationastaughtintheBible."ThenewlawwasaimedsquarelyatDarwin'stheoryofevolution.Anengineer,GeorgeRappelyea,usedtoarguewiththelocalpeopleagainstthelaw.Duringonesuchargument,Rappelyeasaidthatnobodycouldteachbiologywithoutteachingevolution.SinceIhadbeenteachingbiology,Iwassentfor.
在田纳西州,原教旨主义势力很强,州立法机构最近还通过了一项法令,禁止公开讲授“任何否定《圣经》上宣讲的创世说的理论。
”这项新法规的矛头直接指向了达尔文的进化论。
有位名叫乔治•拉普利亚的工程师因反对这项法规常和当地人进行辩论。
有一次辩论中,拉普利亚说,任何人要讲授生物学,就不能不讲进化论。
因为我就是讲授生物学的,所以他们便把我叫去作证。
LanguagePoints—Para.4
1.prohibit:
toforbid,toban禁止
cf:
FORBIDismoredirectandfamiliar;PROHIBITismoreformalorofficial
eg:
Toprohibitthemanufactureandsaleofintoxicatingliquors/smokinginpublicplaces,etc.
eg:
Toforbidachildtoleavethehouse.
eg:
Hishealthforbadetheuseoftobacco.
2.squarely:
directly,firmly正直地,诚实地;明确地,坚定地
eg:
Hefacedthemansquarely.
05."Rappelyeaisright,"Itoldthem.“拉普利亚是对的,”我对他们说。
06."Thenyouhavebeenviolatingthelaw,"oneofthemSaid.“那么说,你在触犯法律,”他们中的一位说。
LanguagePoints—Para.6
1.violate:
['vaiəleit]todisregardoractagainststh.solemnlypromised违背
eg:
Theactressviolatedthetermsofhercontract.女演员违背了她的合约期。
eg:
ThisisconsideredasaviolationoftheConstitution.这个被认为是违反宪法的。
07."Sohaseveryotherteacher,"Ireplied."EvolutionisexplainedinHunter'sCivicBiology,andthat'sourtextbook."“所有其他的教师也都在触犯法律,”我回答说。
“亨特所著的《生物学基础》中就讲到了进化论,那是我们使用的教科书。
”
08.Rappelyeathenmadeasuggestion."Let'stakethisthingtocourt,"hesaid,"andtestthelegalityofit."于是拉普利亚提出一个建议。
“让我们将此事交付法庭判决,”他说,“以检验其是否合法。
”
LanguagePoints—Para.8
1.legality:
[li'gæliti]theconditionofbeinglawful;lawfulness合法性
eg:
Thelegalityofthisactionwillbedecidedbythecourt.
09.WhenIwasindictedonMay7,noone,leastofallI,anticipatedthatmycasewouldsnowballintooneofthemostfamoustrialsinU.S.history.TheAmericanCivilLibertiesUnionannouncedthatitwouldtakemycasetotheU.S.SupremeCourtifnecessaryto"establishthatateachermaytellthetruthwithoutbeingsenttojail."ThenBryanvolunteeredtoassistthestateinprosecutingme.ImmediatelytherenownedlawyerClarenceDarrowofferedhisservicestodefendme.Ironically,IhadnotknownDarrowbeforemytrialbutIhadmetBryanwhenhehadgivenatalkatmyuniversity.Iadmiredhim,althoughIdidnotagreewithhisviews.
当我于五月七日被正式起诉时,谁也不曾料到,我本人更没有料到我的这件案子竟会越闹越大,以至成为美国历史上最著名的庭审案例之一。
美国公民自由联合会宣布:
如有必要,联合会将把我的案子提交美国最高法院审理,“以确保教师不至于因讲授真理而被送进监狱。
”接着,布莱恩自告奋勇地要协助州政府方面对我进行起诉。
著名律师克拉伦斯•达罗也立即主动提出要替我辩护。
具有讽刺意味的是,在这次审判之前我并不认识达罗,但我却见过布莱恩,那是我念大学的时候,他来校作过演讲。
我很钦佩他,尽管我并不赞同他的观点。
LanguagePoints—Para.9
1.indict:
[in'dait]toindictsb.foracrimemeanstochargehim/herwithitofficially控告、指控;起诉
eg:
Fivemenwerecaughtatthescene[si:
n]andindicted.五人被当场抓获并被起诉。
cf:
accuse,charge,prosecute,blame
OneINDICTssb.FORtheft
OneACCUSEssb.OFcheatingwhichonepersonallyresents[ri'zent]怨恨、愤慨.
OneCHARGEssb.WITHcheatingwhichisanexampleofbreakingtherulesofagame.
OnePROSECUTEssb.FORtheftisforalawyertorepresentincourtthepersonwhoisbringinga
criminalchargeagainstsb.
OneBLAMEssb.FORthefailure
2.leastofall:
particularlynot最不
eg:
Nobodycared,leastofallthemanager.
eg:
Idon’tlikerainorstorms,andleastofallthunder.
3.anticipate:
toexpectwhatwillhappen期望
eg:
I’mnotanticipa
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