Conditional Tutorial.docx
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Conditional Tutorial.docx
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ConditionalTutorial
ConditionalOverviewwithExamples
PresentRealConditional
PresentUnrealConditional
IfIhavetime,IstudyEnglish.
(SometimesIhavetime.)
IfIhadtime,IwouldstudyEnglish.
(Idon'thavetime.)
PastRealConditional
PastUnrealConditional
IfIhadtime,IstudiedEnglish.
(SometimesIhadtime.)
IfIhadhadtime,IwouldhavestudiedEnglish.
(Ididn'thavetime.)
FutureRealConditional
FutureUnrealConditional
IfIhavetime,IwillstudyEnglish.
IfIhavetime,IamgoingtostudyEnglish.
(Idon'tknowifIwillhavetimeornot.)
Otherformspossible.
IfIhadtime,IwouldstudyEnglish.
(Iwon'thavetime.)
Otherformspossible.
PresentConditionals
PresentRealConditional
FORM
[If/When...SIMPLEPRESENT...,...SIMPLEPRESENT...]
or
[...SIMPLEPRESENT...if/when...SIMPLEPRESENT...]
USE
ThePresentRealConditionalisusedtotalkaboutwhatyounormallydoinreal-lifesituations.
EXAMPLES:
IfIgotoafriend'shousefordinner,Iusuallytakeabottleofwineorsomeflowers.
WhenIhaveadayofffromwork,Ioftengotothebeach.
Iftheweatherisnice,shewalkstowork.
Jerryhelpsmewithmyhomeworkwhenhehastime.
IreadifthereisnothingonTV.
Whatdoyoudowhenitrains?
Istayathome.
WheredoyoustayifyougotoSydney?
Istaywithmyfriendsneartheharbor.
IMPORTANT If/When
Both"if"and"when"areusedinthePresentRealConditional.Using"if"suggeststhatsomethinghappenslessfrequently.Using"when"suggeststhatsomethinghappensregularly.
EXAMPLES:
WhenIhaveadayofffromwork,Iusuallygotothebeach.
(Iregularlyhavedaysofffromwork.)
IfIhaveadayofffromwork,Iusuallygotothebeach.
(Irarelyhavedaysofffromwork.)
PresentUnrealConditional
FORM
[If...SIMPLEPAST...,...would+VERB...]
or
[...would+VERB...if...SIMPLEPAST...]
USE
ThePresentUnrealConditionalisusedtotalkaboutwhatyouwoulddoinimaginarysituationsingeneral.
EXAMPLES:
IfIhadacar,Iwoulddrivetowork.ButIdon'thaveacar.
Shewouldtravelaroundtheworldifshehadmoremoney.Butshedoesn'thavemuchmoney.
IwouldreadmoreifIdidn'thaveaTV.
MarywouldmovetoJapanifshespokeJapanese.
Iftheyworkedharder,theywouldearnmoremoney.
Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?
Iwouldtravel.
WherewouldyouliveifyoumovedtotheU.S.?
IwouldliveinSeattle.
EXCEPTION IfIwere...
InthePresentUnrealConditional,theform"was"isnotconsideredgrammaticallycorrect.InwrittenEnglishorintestingsituations,youshouldalwaysuse"were."However,ineverydayconversation,"was"isoftenused.
EXAMPLES:
IfhewereFrench,hewouldliveinParis.
Ifshewererich,shewouldbuyayacht.
IwouldplaybasketballifIweretaller.
Iwouldbuythatcomputerifitwerecheaper.
Iwouldbuythatcomputerifitwascheaper.NOTCORRECT(Butoftensaidinconversation.)
EXCEPTION ConditionalwithModalVerbs
TherearesomespecialConditionalformsformodalverbsinEnglish:
would+can=could
would+shall=should
would+may=might
Thewords"can,""shall"and"may"mustbeusedinthesespecialforms;theycannotbeusedwith"would."
EXAMPLES:
IfIwenttoEgypt,IwouldcanlearnArabic. NOTCORRECT
IfIwenttoEgypt,IcouldlearnArabic. CORRECT
Ifshehadtime,shewouldmaygototheparty. NOTCORRECT
Ifshehadtime,shemightgototheparty.CORRECT
Thewords"could,"should,""might"and"oughtto"includeconditional,soyoucannotcombinethemwith"would."
EXAMPLES:
IfIhadmoretime,Iwouldcouldexerciseafterwork. NOTCORRECT
IfIhadmoretime,Icouldexerciseafterwork.CORRECT
Ifheinvitedyou,youreallywouldshouldgo. NOTCORRECT
Ifheinvitedyou,youreallyshouldgo. CORRECT
IMPORTANT Onlyuse"If"
Onlytheword"if"isusedwiththePresentUnrealConditionalbecauseyouarediscussingimaginarysituations."When"cannotbeused.
EXAMPLES:
Iwouldbuythatcomputerwhenitwerecheaper.NOTCORRECT
Iwouldbuythatcomputerifitwerecheaper.CORRECT
PastConditionals
PastRealConditional
FORM
[If/When...SIMPLEPAST...,...SIMPLEPAST...]
or
[...SIMPLEPAST...if/when...SIMPLEPAST...]
USE
ThePastRealConditionaldescribeswhatyouusedtodoinparticularreallifesituations.Itsuggeststhatyourhabitshavechangedandyoudonotusuallydothesethingstoday.
EXAMPLES:
IfIwenttoafriend'shousefordinner,Iusuallytookabottleofwineorsomeflowers.Idon'tdothatanymore.
WhenIhadadayofffromwork,Ioftenwenttothebeach.Now,Inevergettimeoff.
Iftheweatherwasnice,sheoftenwalkedtowork.Now,sheusuallydrives.
Jerryalwayshelpedmewithmyhomeworkwhenhehadtime.Buthedoesn'tdothatanymore.
IusuallyreadiftherewasnothingonTV.
Whatdidyouusuallydowhenitrained?
Iusuallystayedathome.
IMPORTANT Usedto
Theform"Usedto"isoftenusedtoemphasizethatthepastactionwasahabit.Ifyouarenotfamiliarwiththeform"Usedto,"youcanreadaboutitintheEnglishPage's"UsedtoPage."
EXAMPLES:
IfIwenttoafriendshousefordinner,Iusedtotakeabottleofwineorsomeflowers.Idon'tdothatanymore.
WhenIhadadayofffromwork,Iusedtogotothebeach.Now,Inevergettimeoff.
Iftheweatherwasnice,sheusedtowalktowork.Now,sheusuallydrives.
Jerryusedtohelpmewithmyhomeworkwhenhehadtime.Buthedoesn'tdothatanymore.
Whatdidyoudowhenitrained?
Iusedtostayathome.
IMPORTANT If/When
Both"if"and"when"areusedinthePastRealConditional.Using"if"suggeststhatsomethinghappenedlessfrequently.Using"when"suggeststhatsomethinghappenedregularly.
EXAMPLES:
WhenIhadadayofffromwork,Iusuallywenttothebeach.
(Iregularlyhaddaysofffromwork.)
IfIhadadayofffromwork,Iusuallywenttothebeach.
(Irarelyhaddaysofffromwork.)
PastUnrealConditional
FORM
[If...PASTPERFECT...,...wouldhave+PASTPARTICIPLE...]
or
[...wouldhave+PASTPARTICIPLE...if...PASTPERFECT...]
USE
ThePastUnrealConditionalisusedtotalkaboutimaginarysituationsinthepast.Youcandescribewhatyouwouldhavedonedifferentlyorhowsomethingcouldhavehappeneddifferentlyifcircumstanceshadbeendifferent.
EXAMPLES:
IfIhadhadacar,Iwouldhavedriventowork.ButIdidn'thaveone,soItookthebus.
Shewouldhavetraveledaroundtheworldifshehadhadmoremoney.Butshedidn'thavemuchmoney,soshenevertraveled.
IwouldhavereadmoreasachildifIhadn'thadaTV.Unfortunately,IdidhaveaTV,soIneverreadforentertainment.
MarywouldhavegottenthejobandmovedtoJapanifshehadstudiedJapaneseinschoolinsteadofFrench.
Iftheyhadworkedharder,theywouldhaveearnedmoremoney.Unfortunately,theywerelazyandtheydidn'tearnmuch.
Whatwouldyouhavedoneifyouhadwonthelotterylastweek?
Iwouldhavetraveled.
WhatcitywouldyouhavechosenifyouhaddecidedtomovetotheUnitedStates?
IwouldhavechosenSeattle.
EXCEPTION ConditionalwithModalVerbs
TherearesomespecialConditionalformsformodalverbsinEnglish:
wouldhave+can=couldhave
wouldhave+shall=shouldhave
wouldhave+may=mighthave
Thewords"can,""shall"and"may"mustbeusedinthesespecialforms;theycannotbeusedwith"wouldhave."
EXAMPLES:
IfIhadgonetoEgypt,IcouldhavelearnedArabic. CORRECT
Ifshehadhadtime,shemighthavegonetotheparty.CORRECT
Thewords"could,"should,""might"and"oughtto"includeConditional,soyoucannotcombinethemwith"would."
EXAMPLES:
IfIhadhadmoretime,Iwouldhavecouldexerciseafterwork. NOTCORRECT
IfIhadhadmoretime,Icouldhaveexercisedafterwork.CORRECT
Ifhehadinvitedyou,youwouldhavemightgo. NOTCORRECT
Ifhehadinvitedyou,youmighthavegone. CORRECT
IMPORTANT Onlyuse"If"
Onlytheword"if"isusedwiththePastUnrealConditionalbecauseyouarediscussingimaginarysituations."When"cannotbeused.
EXAMPLES:
Iwouldhaveboughtthatcomputerwhenithadbeencheaper.NOTCORRECT
Iwouldhaveboughtthatcomputerifithadbeencheaper.CORRECT
FutureConditionals
FutureRealConditional
FORM
[If/When...SIMPLEPRESENT...,...SIMPLEFUTURE.]
or
[...SIMPLEFUTURE...if/when...SIMPLEPRESENT...]
Noticethatthereisnofutureinthe"If"or"When"clause.
USE
TheFutureRealConditionaldescribeswhatyouthinkyouwilldoinaspecificsituationinthefuture.Itisdifferentfromotherrealconditionalformsbecause,unlikethepresentorthepast,youdonotknowwhatwillhappeninthefuture.Althoughthisformiscalleda"realconditional,"youareusuallyimaginingorguessingaboutthefuture.Itiscalled"real"becauseitisstillpossiblethattheactionmightoccurinthefuture.CarefullystudythefollowingexamplesandcomparethemtotheFutureUnrealConditionaldescribedbelow.
EXAMPLES:
IfIgotomyfriend'shousefordinnertonight,Iwilltakeabottleofwineorsomeflowers.
(IamstillnotsureifIwillgotohishouseornot.)
WhenIhaveadayofffromwork,Iamgoingtogotothebeach.
(IhavetowaituntilIhaveadayoff.)
Iftheweatherisnice,sheisgoingtowalktowork.
(Itdependsontheweather.)
Jerrywillhelpmewithmyhomeworkwhenhehastime.
(Ihavetowaituntilhehastime.)
IamgoingtoreadifthereisnothingonTV.
(ItdependsontheTVschedule.)
Whatareyougoingtodoifitrains?
Iam
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