《大学》英文翻译《THE GREAT LEARNING》.docx
- 文档编号:7782494
- 上传时间:2023-01-26
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:6
- 大小:19.81KB
《大学》英文翻译《THE GREAT LEARNING》.docx
《《大学》英文翻译《THE GREAT LEARNING》.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《《大学》英文翻译《THE GREAT LEARNING》.docx(6页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
《大学》英文翻译《THEGREATLEARNING》
THEGREATLEARNING
WhattheGreatLearningteaches,istoillustrateillustriousvirtue;torenovatethepeople;andtorestinthehighestexcellence.
Thepointwheretorestbeingknown,theobjectofpursuitisthendetermined;and,thatbeingdetermined,acalmunperturbednessmaybeattainedto.Tothatcalmnesstherewillsucceedatranquilrepose.Inthatreposetheremaybecarefuldeliberation,andthatdeliberationwillbefollowedbytheattainmentofthedesiredend.
Thingshavetheirrootandtheirbranches.Affairshavetheirendandtheirbeginning.ToknowwhatisfirstandwhatislastwillleadneartowhatistaughtintheGreatLearning.
Theancientswhowishedtoillustrateillustriousvirtuethroughoutthekingdom,firstorderedwelltheirownstates.Wishingtoorderwelltheirstates,theyfirstregulatedtheirfamilies.Wishingtoregulatetheirfamilies,theyfirstcultivatedtheirpersons.Wishingtocultivatetheirpersons,theyfirstrectifiedtheirhearts.Wishingtorectifytheirhearts,theyfirstsoughttobesincereintheirthoughts.Wishingtobesincereintheirthoughts,theyfirstextendedtotheutmosttheirknowledge.Suchextensionofknowledgelayintheinvestigationofthings.
Thingsbeinginvestigated,knowledgebecamecomplete.Theirknowledgebeingcomplete,theirthoughtsweresincere.Theirthoughtsbeingsincere,theirheartswerethenrectified.Theirheartsbeingrectified,theirpersonswerecultivated.Theirpersonsbeingcultivated,theirfamilieswereregulated.Theirfamiliesbeingregulated,theirstateswererightlygoverned.Theirstatesbeingrightlygoverned,thewholekingdomwasmadetranquilandhappy.
FromtheSonofHeavendowntothemassofthepeople,allmustconsiderthecultivationofthepersontherootofeverythingbesides.
Itcannotbe,whentherootisneglected,thatwhatshouldspringfromitwillbewellordered.Itneverhasbeenthecasethatwhatwasofgreatimportancehasbeenslightlycaredfor,and,atthesametime,thatwhatwasofslightimportancehasbeengreatlycaredfor.
COMMENTARYOFTHEPHILOSOPHERZENG
IntheAnnouncementtoKang,itissaid,"Hewasabletomakehisvirtueillustrious."
IntheTaiJia,itissaid,"HecontemplatedandstudiedtheillustriousdecreesofHeaven."
IntheCanonoftheemperor(Yao),itissaid,"Hewasabletomakeillustrioushisloftyvirtue."
Thesepassagesallshowhowthosesovereignsmadethemselvesillustrious.
OnthebathingtubofTang,thefollowingwordswereengraved:
"Ifyoucanonedayrenovateyourself,dosofromdaytoday.Yea,lettherebedailyrenovation."
IntheAnnouncementtoKang,itissaid,"Tostirupthenewpeople."
IntheBookofPoetry,itissaid,"AlthoughZhouwasanancientstate,theordinancewhichlightedonitwasnew."
Therefore,thesuperiormanineverythinguseshisutmostendeavors.
IntheBookofPoetry,itissaid,"Theroyaldomainofathousandliiswherethepeoplerest."
IntheBookofPoetry,itissaid,"Thetwitteringyellowbirdrestsonacornerofthemound."TheMastersaid,"Whenitrests,itknowswheretorest.Isitpossiblethatamanshouldnotbeequaltothisbird"
IntheBookofPoetry,itissaid,"ProfoundwasKingWen.Withhowbrightandunceasingafeelingofreverencedidheregardhisrestingplaces!
"Asasovereign,herestedinbenevolence.Asaminister,herestedinreverence.Asason,herestedinfilialpiety.Asafather,herestedinkindness.Incommunicationwithhissubjects,herestedingoodfaith.
IntheBookofPoetry,itissaid,"LookatthatwindingcourseoftheQi,withthegreenbamboossoluxuriant!
Hereisourelegantandaccomplishedprince!
Aswecutandthenfile;aswechiselandthengrind:
sohashecultivatedhimself.Howgraveisheanddignified!
Howmajesticanddistinguished!
Ourelegantandaccomplishedprincenevercanbeforgotten."Thatexpression--"Aswecutandthenfile,"indicatestheworkoflearning."Aswechiselandthengrind,"indicatesthatofself-culture."Howgraveisheanddignified!
"indicatesthefeelingofcautiousreverence."Howcommandinganddistinguished!
"indicatesanawe-inspiringdeportment."Ourelegantandaccomplishedprincenevercanbeforgotten,"indicateshow,whenvirtueiscompleteandexcellenceextreme,thepeoplecannotforgetthem.
IntheBookofPoetry,itissaid,"Ah!
theformerkingsarenotforgotten."Futureprincesdeemworthywhattheydeemedworthy,andlovewhattheyloved.Thecommonpeopledelightinwhatdelightedthem,andarebenefitedbytheirbeneficialarrangements.Itisonthisaccountthattheformerkings,aftertheyhavequittedtheworld,arenotforgotten.
TheMastersaid,"Inhearinglitigations,Iamlikeanyotherbody.Whatisnecessaryistocausethepeopletohavenolitigations."So,thosewhoaredevoidofprinciplefinditimpossibletocarryouttheirspeeches,andagreatawewouldbestruckintomen'sminds.Thisiscalledknowingtheroot.
Thisiscalledknowingtheroot.Thisiscalledtheperfectingofknowledge.
Whatismeantby"makingthethoughtssincere."istheallowingnoself-deception,aswhenwehateabadsmell,andaswhenwelovewhatisbeautiful.Thisiscalledself-enjoyment.Therefore,thesuperiormanmustbewatchfuloverhimselfwhenheisalone.Thereisnoeviltowhichthemeanman,dwellingretired,willnotproceed,butwhenheseesasuperiorman,heinstantlytriestodisguisehimself,concealinghisevil,anddisplayingwhatisgood.Theotherbeholdshim,asifhesawhisheartandreins.OfwhatuseishisdisguiseThisisaninstanceofthesaying:
"Whattrulyiswithinwillbemanifestedwithout."Therefore,thesuperiormanmustbewatchfuloverhimselfwhenheisalone.
ThediscipleZengsaid,"Whatteneyesbehold,whattenhandspointto,istoberegardedwithreverence!
"
Richesadornahouse,andvirtueadornstheperson.Themindisexpanded,andthebodyisatease.Therefore,thesuperiormanmustmakehisthoughtssincere.
Whatismeantby,"Thecultivationofthepersondependsonrectifyingthemind"maybethusillustrated:
Ifamanbeundertheinfluenceofpassionhewillbeincorrectinhisconduct.Hewillbethesame,ifheisundertheinfluenceofterror,orundertheinfluenceoffondregard,orunderthatofsorrowanddistress.
Whenthemindisnotpresent,welookanddonotsee;wehearanddonotunderstand;weeatanddonotknowthetasteofwhatweeat.
Thisiswhatismeantbysayingthatthecultivationofthepersondependsontherectifyingofthemind.
Whatismeantby"Theregulationofone'sfamilydependsonthecultivationofhisperson"isthis:
Menarepartialwheretheyfeelaffectionandlove;partialwheretheydespiseanddislike;partialheretheystandinaweandreverence;partialwheretheyfeelsorrowandcompassion;partialwheretheyarearrogantandrude.Thusitisthattherearefewmenintheworldwholoveandatthesametimeknowthebadqualitiesoftheobjectoftheirlove,orwhohateandyetknowtheexcellencesoftheobjectoftheirhatred.
Henceitissaid,inthecommonadage:
"Amandoesnotknowthewickednessofhisson;hedoesnotknowtherichnessofhisgrowingcorn."
Thisiswhatismeantbysayingthatifthepersonbenotcultivated,amancannotregulatehisfamily.
Whatismeantby"Inorderrightlytogovernthestate,itisnecessaryfirsttoregulatethefamily,"isthis:
Itisnotpossibleforonetoteachothers,whilehecannotteachhisownfamily.Therefore,theruler,withoutgoingbeyondhisfamily,completesthelessonsforthestate.Thereisfilialpiety:
therewiththeSovereignshouldbeserved.Thereisfraternalsubmission:
therewitheldersandsuperiorsshouldbeserved.Thereiskindness:
therewiththemultitudeshouldbetreated.
IntheAnnouncementtoKang,itissaid,"Actasifyouwerewatchingoveraninfant."Ifamotherisreallyanxiousaboutit,thoughshemaynothitexactlythewantsofherinfant,shewillnotbefarfromdoingso.Thereneverhasbeenagirlwholearnedtobringupachild,thatshemightafterwardsmarry.
Fromthelovingexampleofonefamilyawholestatebecomesloving,andfromitscourtesiesthewholestatebecomescourteouswhile,fromtheambitionandperversenessoftheOneman,thewholestatemaybeledtorebelliousdisorder.Suchisthenatureoftheinfluence.Thisverifiesthesaying,"Affairsmayberuinedbyasinglesentence;akingdommaybesettledbyitsOneman."
YaoandShunledonthekingdomwithbenevolenceandthepeoplefollowedthem.JieandZhouledonthekingdomwithviolence,andpeoplefollowedthem.Theorderswhichtheseissuedwerecontrarytothepracticeswhichtheyloved,andsothepeopledidnotfollowthem.Onthisaccount,therulermusthimselfbepossessedofthegoodqualities,andthenhemayrequiretheminthepeople.Hemustnothavethebadqualitiesinhimself,andthenhemayrequirethattheyshallnotbeinthepeople.Neverhastherebeenaman,who,nothavingreferencetohisowncharacterandwishesindealingwithothers,wasableeffectuallytoinstructthem.
Thusweseehowthegovernmentofthestatedependsontheregulationofthefamily.
IntheBookofPoetry,itissaid,"Thatpeachtree,sodelicateandelegant!
Howluxuriantisitsfoliage!
Thisgirlisgoingtoherhusband'shouse.Shewillrightlyorderherhousehold."Letthehouseholdberightlyordered,andthenthepeopleofthestatemaybetaught.
IntheBookofPoetry,itissaid,"Theycandischargetheirdutiestotheirelderbrothers.Theycandischargetheirdutiestotheiryoungerbrothers."Lettherulerdischargehisdutiestohiselderandyoungerbrothers,andthenhemayteachthepeopleof
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 大学 THE GREAT LEARNING 大学英文翻译THE GREAT LEARNING 英文翻译 THE LEARNING