考研全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一真题.docx
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考研全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一真题.docx
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考研全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一真题
2013年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语一试题
Directions:
SectionIUseofEnglish
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
①Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.②Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.③ButDrUriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamples
ofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4,hetheorisedthatajudge5ofappearingtoosoft6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday.
①To8thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.②Intheory,the9ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDrSimonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas11.
①Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews12by31admissionsofficers.②Theinterviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.③Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.④Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreonthe
GraduateManagementAdmissionTest,orGMAT,astandardisedexamwhichis16outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.
①DrSimonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.②Thismightsoundsmall,butto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20.
1.[A]grants[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delivers
2.[A]minor[B]external[C]crucial[D]objective
3.[A]issue
4.[A]Aboveall
5.[A]fond
[B]vision
[B]Onaverage
[B]fearful
[C]picture
[C]Inprinciple
[C]capable
[D]moment
[D]Forexample
[D]thoughtless
6.[A]in
[B]for
[C]to
[D]on
7.[A]if
[B]until
[C]though
[D]unless
8.[A]test
[B]emphasize
[C]share
[D]promote
9.[A]decision
[B]quality
[C]status
[D]success
10.[A]found
[B]studied
[C]chosen
[D]identified
11.[A]otherwise
[B]defensible
[C]replaceable
[D]exceptional
12.[A]inspired
[B]expressed
[C]conducted
[D]secured
13.[A]assigned
[B]rated
[C]matched
[D]arranged
14.[A]put
[B]got
[C]took
[D]gave
15.[A]instead
[B]then
[C]ever
[D]rather
16.[A]selected
[B]passed
[C]marked
[D]introduced
17.[A]below
[B]after
[C]above
[D]before
18.[A]jump
[B]float
[C]fluctuate
[D]drop
19.[A]achieve
[B]undo
[C]maintain
[D]disregard
20.[A]necessary
[B]possible
[C]promising
[D]helpful
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartADirections:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,Cor
D.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1
①Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther.②Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyears
fromfashionshowstodepartmentstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.
①Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof
“fastfashion”.②Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.③Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentreleases,andmoreprofit.④Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable—meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat—andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.⑤Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.
①Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.②ForH&Mtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.
①Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan’sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.②“Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durableandwasteful,”Clineargues.③Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear—about64itemsperperson—andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.
①TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince2008hasmadeallofherownclothes—andbeautifully.②ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan’tbeknockedoff.
①Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment—includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline—Clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.②Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.③Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordnotto.
21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher
[A]lackofimagination.
[B]poorbargainingskill.
[C]obsessionwithhighfashion.
[D]insensitivitytofashion.
22.AccordingtoCline,mass-marketlabelsurgeconsumersto
[A]combatunnecessarywaste.
[B]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.
[C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements.
[D]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.
23.Theword“indictment”(Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto
[A]accusation.
[B]enthusiasm.
[C]indifference.
[D]tolerance.
24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?
[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.
[B]Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.
[C]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.
[D]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.
25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?
[A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle.
[B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.
[C]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry.
[D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret.
Text2
①Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted—thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.②Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.③Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.
①Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:
Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?
Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?
①InDecember2010America’sFederalTradeCommission(FTC)proposedaddinga“donottrack”(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladvertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.②Microsoft’sInternetExplorerandApple’sSafaribothofferDNT;Google’sChromeisduetodosothisyear.③InFebruarytheFTCandDigitalAdvertisingAlliance(DAA)agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespondingtoDNTrequests.
①OnMay31stMicrosoftsetofftherow.②ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwithWindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.
①Advertisersarehorrified.②Humannaturebeingwhatitis,mostpeoplestickwithdefaultsettings.③FewswitchDNTonnow,butiftrackingisoffitwillstayoff.④BobLiodice,thechiefexecutiveoftheAssociationofNationalAdvertisers,saysconsumerswillbeworseoffiftheindustrycannotcollectinformationabouttheirpreferences.⑤Peoplewillnotgetfewerads,hesays.⑥“They’llgetlessmeaningful,lesstargetedads.”
①Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.②GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotoblige
anyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.③UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.
①AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.②Afterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.③IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyonadvertising,ithaschosenanindirectmethod:
ThereisnoguaranteethatDNTbydefaultwillbecomethenorm.④DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforWindows8—thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavorablywithGoogle’sonthatcountbefore.⑤BrendonLynch,Microsoft’schiefprivacyofficer,blogged:
“Webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol.”⑥Coulditreallybethatsimple?
26.ItissuggestedinParagraph1that“behavioural”adshelpadvertisersto
[A]lowertheiroperationalcosts.
[B]easecompetitionamongthemselves.
[C]avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers.
[D]providebetteronlineservices.
27.“Theindustry”(Para.3)refersto
[A]onlineadvertisers.
[B]e-commerceconductors.
[C]digitalinformationanalysts.
[D]internetbrowserdevelopers.
28.BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault
[A]goesagainsthumannature.
[B]failstoaffecttheadindustry.
[C]willnotbenefitconsumers.
[D]maycutthenumberofjunkads.
29.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccording
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