赤泥作为化学稳定剂解决土壤有毒金属污染英文翻译资料.docx
- 文档编号:7850675
- 上传时间:2023-01-26
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:32
- 大小:40.08KB
赤泥作为化学稳定剂解决土壤有毒金属污染英文翻译资料.docx
《赤泥作为化学稳定剂解决土壤有毒金属污染英文翻译资料.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《赤泥作为化学稳定剂解决土壤有毒金属污染英文翻译资料.docx(32页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
赤泥作为化学稳定剂解决土壤有毒金属污染英文翻译资料
WaterAirSoilPollut(2012)223:
1237–1247
DOI10.1007/s11270-011-0940-4
V.Feigl(*):
K.Gruiz
BudapestUniversityofTechnologyandEconomics,
1111SzentGellérttér4,
Budapest,Hungary
e-mail:
vfeigl@mail.bme.hu
A.Anton:
N.Uzigner
ResearchInstituteforSoilScienceandAgricultural
ChemistryoftheHungarianAcademyofSciences,
1022HermanOttóu.15,
Budapest,Hungary
wasteproduct,sinceithasmanypotentialreuse
applications,whichcouldhelpreducetheamountof
storageneededforthisby-product.Potentialconstruction
andchemicalapplicationsincludeusesin
buildingconstruction,catalystsupport,ceramics,
plastics,andcoatingsorpigments.Metallurgical
applicationsincludeusesinrecoveryofmajorand
minormetals,steelmaking,andasaslagadditive.
Environmentalandagronomicapplicationsinclude
usesinwaterandwastetreatment,gasscrubbing,and
assoilamendment(Klauberetal.2009).For
example,theapplicationofredmudtosoilcan
potentiallyreducetheeutrophicationofriversand
waterwaysbyretainingnutrients,especiallyphosphate,
oninfertilesandysoils.Summersetal.(1993)
treatedsandysoilwith80t/haofredmudneutralized
withwastegypsumandreducedphosphorouslosses
by70%.WardandSummers(1993)concludedthat
neutralizationwithgypsumisunnecessaryforapplication
topasturelandatlessthan100t/ha.Summers
etal.(1996)recommendedanoptimalredmud
applicationrate(withoutgypsum)of10–20t/hato
reducephosphorusleachingandnotedthatthe
improvednutrientretentioncontinuesforatleast
5yearsafterfertilizerapplication.
Redmudmayalsobeappliedtosoiltoimmobilize
metalsbychemicalstabilization.Phillips(1998)
foundthatredmudmixedintosandhasagreater
abilitytosorbCu2+,Pb2+,andZn2+ionsthando
zeoliteandcalciumphosphate.MüllerandPluquet
(1998)showedthatredmudcanreducethesoluble
amountofZnandCdby50%andreducethemetals
uptakeofplantsby20–50%.However,inafieldtrial,
theyobservedlowerimmobilizingefficacyonthe
metalconcentrationsinplantsandsoilextracts.They
concludedthattheredmudusedintheexperiments
containedexcessiveconcentrationsofCrandAl,
whichmadeitunsuitableforsoilremediation.In
contrast,Grayetal.(2006)usedredmudwithaCr
concentrationof1,377mg/kgforstabilizationof
metalsinsoilandnotedthatCrwasnotsolubleor
availableforplantswhenmixedintosoil.Although
thisissuemaybeimportantforCr-containingred
muds,thereareanumberofredmudsthatdonot
containchromiumorothertoxicmetals.
Lombietal.(2002a,b)comparedtheperformance
ofredmud(fromMosonmagyaróvár,Hungary),lime,
andberingiteasstabilizersforCd-,Pb-,Zn-,Cu-,and
Ni-contaminatedsoilandfoundthatallweresimilarly
effectiveinreducingthemetalconcentrationsinthe
soilporewater.Infact,only2%(w/w)ofredmudwas
neededtobeaseffectiveas5%(w/w)beringite;also,
themicrobialbiomassofthesoilsignificantlyincreased
inthepresenceofredmud.Theredmud
shiftedmetalsinsoilfromtheexchangeable(ionic)
fractiontotheFeoxidefraction,whichmayresultina
moredurabledecreaseinmetalmobilitythanliming.
Brownetal.(2005)showedthatredmud(from
Mosonmagyaróvár,Hungary)canreduceammonium
nitrate-extractable,water-extractable,andbioavailable
ZnandCd,butdoesnotaffectPb.Inafield
experimentusing5%redmud,Grayetal.(2006)
foundeffective(70–96%)reductionsofmetalssuchas
Zn,Cd,andNiinporewaterandsoilextracts.No
significantPbreductionswereobservedinthefirst
5months,butbythe25thmonth,Pbwasimmobilized.
Friesletal.(2004,2006,2009)conductedseveral
potandfieldexperimentswithredmudfrom
Mosonmagyaróvár.Their2004resultsweresimilar
tothoseofLombietal.(2002a),buttheyalsofound
thatredmudappliedat5%(w/w)increasedthe
ammoniumnitrate-extractableAs,Cu,Cr,andVin
soil.Intheir2006fieldexperiment,theyshowedthat
redmudappliedapproximately15cmbelowthesoil
surfacecanreducetheammoniumnitrate-extractable
Cd,Zn,andPbupto99%butthatdeeperapplication
maybeneededtoreduceplantmetaluptake.Finally,
in2009,Friesletal.concludedthatredmudand
gravelsludge(afine-grainedwasteproductofthe
gravelindustryconsistingof40–65%SiO2,10–
14%Al2O3,3–7%Fe2O3,5–12%CaO,and4–6%
MgOatpH8.2),incombinationwithametalexcluding
barleycultivar(Hordeumdistichonssp.L.),
performedmosteffectivelyasastabilizerforthe
metal-contaminatedsoilatanexperimentalsitein
Arnoldstein,Austria.
Theapplicationofredmudonminewasteand
metal-contaminatedsoilshasbeenintegratedintoa
complexriskmanagementactivityandisoneofthe
riskreductionmeasuresthatwillbeimplementedina
largecatchment.Thecomplexremediationconcept
involvestheremovalofthepointsourcesandtreating
thediffusepollutionwithacombinationofchemical
stabilizationandphytostabilization(Gruizetal.
2009a).Tofindthesuitableredmudconcentration
andplantcombination,anumberofresearchershave
conductedlaboratorysoilmicrocosmexperiments
(Feigletal.2007,2009;AntonandBarna2008).
1238WaterAirSoilPollut(2012)223:
1237–1247
Theexperimentdescribedinthispaperintroduces
theremediationofmetal-contaminatedsoilsusingred
mudforchemicalstabilization/immobilizationfollowed
byphytostabilization.The2-yearstudyfocuses
onlong-termresultsinlaboratorysoilmicrocosms.
2MaterialsandMethods
2.1Materials
Duringthe2-yearstudy,weevaluatedthestabilization
performanceofredmudfromAlmásfüzitő,Hungary
ontoxic,metal-contaminatedsoilsandminewastes
fromtheformerPbandZnsulfideoreminein
Gyöngyösoroszi,Hungary(Gruizetal.2009a).The
AlmásfüzitőredmudhasarelativelylowpH(9.0)
comparedtomostredmuds,whichgenerallyhavepH
ofapproximately11.3(Gräfeetal.2009).The
Almásfüzitőredmudalsohaslowtoxicmetalcontent
(belowtheHungarianqualitycriteriaforsewage
sludgeapplicationonsoil,asstipulatedinGovernment
DecreeNo.50/2001)comparedtothehighly
alkalineredmudswithhighCrcontentusedinsome
ofthestudiesdiscussedinSection1.Characteristics
oftheredmud,soil,andminewastearepresentedin
Table1.
Thesoiloriginatedfromanagriculturalarea
downstreamoftheformermineandisheavily
contaminatedwithtoxicmetals,especiallymobile
CdandZn.Contaminationistheresultofsevere
floodingoftheTokacreek,whichtransportsthe
metalsfromtheabandonedmine.Theminewaste
originatedfromwasterockheapsnearthemain
entranceofthemine.Thesepartlyuncoveredwaste
depositshavebeenexposedtointensiveweathering
formorethan40years,resultinginacidification,
leaching,andoxidation.
2.2SoilTreatment
Ourtestsamplesconsistedofthreereplicatesplaced
in2kgplasticplantpots.Testsamplesincludeda
control(withnoamendment)minewasteandcontaminated
soil,andeachmixedwith2%and5%(w/w)
redmud.Allwereincubatedat25°C,mixed,and
wateredto60%oftheirwater-holdingcapacityevery
secondmonthandaftersampling.Thesoilwas
sampledandanalyzedforcomplexchemicaland
biologicalprocesses.Short-termchangesweremonitored
bysamplingat0,10,20,and45daysafter
amendment,andlong-termeffectsweremonitored
after9monthsand2years.
2.3IntegratedMonitoring
Wemonitoredthedecreasedmobility,solubility,
andbioavailabilityoftoxicmetalsintheamended
soilsamplesusingamethodologythatintegrates
physical–chemicalanalysisandecotoxicitytesting
(Gruizetal.2005,2009b)(Fig.1).Weevaluatedthe
resultsofchemicalanalysisandtoxicitymeasurements
todeterminewhethertheadditionofredmud
couldreducethemobility,bioavailability,andrisks
posedbypollutantsinthesoiland,hence,whether
redmudcouldbeusedasastabilizingagentforthe
Gyöngyösorosziminewaste.Gruizetal.(2005)
postulatedthattheactualrisksposedbyamixtureof
variousmetalsandtheirspeciescanbebetter
characterizedbymeasuringadversebiologicaland
toxicologicaleffects.Planttoxicityandbioaccumulation
measurementswereusedtocharacterizethe
dynamicinteractionsbetweentheredmud,the
treatedmedium,andthelivingorganismsandto
providedirectinformationontheactualadverse
effectsofthepollutantsbeforeandafterremediation.
2.3.1SamplePreparation
Topreparesoilsamplesfortheintegratedmonitoring,
weair-dried,ground,andsieved(2-mmsieve)thesoil
samplesaccordingtoHungarianStandard21470-
50:
2006.
2.3.2ChemicalAnalysis
Topredictmobilemetalsconcentrations,weused
HungarianStandardHS21978-9:
1998andanalyzed
bothdistilledwaterextract(pH7.0;1:
10soil
extractantratio;agitationfor4hat25°C)and
ammoniumacetateextract(pH4.5;1:
10soilextractant
ratio;agitationfor4hat25°C).Wecharacterized
Asmobilityusingitsconcentrationinthesodium
hydroxideandsodiumcarbonateextract(1:
0.56mol;
pH7.5;1:
20soilextractantratio;1hat90°C)(HS
21470-50:
2006).Wemeasuredthetotalmetalscontent
afteraquaregiadigestion(3:
1hydrochloricacid–
nitricacidratio;1:
4soilextractantratio;2hat25°C;
WaterAirSoilPollut(2012)223:
1237–12471239
Table1CharacteristicsofredmudfromAlmásfüzitő,contaminatedagriculturalsoil,andminewaste
ParameterHQCfor
soila
HQCfor
sludgeb
RedmudAgriculturalsoilMinewaste
Aquaregia
extract
Ammoniumacetate
extract
Water
extract
Aquaregia
extract
Ammoniumacetate
extract
Water
extract
Aquaregia
extract
Am
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 作为 化学 稳定剂 解决 土壤 有毒 金属 污染 英文翻译 资料