高考英语名词性从句讲解.docx
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高考英语名词性从句讲解.docx
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高考英语名词性从句讲解
高考英语名词性从句讲解
一、概念:
名词性从句相当于名词词组,在复合句中起名词性作用。
分类:
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的1)连接词:
that,whether,if;
2)关系代词:
who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever;
3)关系副词:
when,where,how,why.
二、要点:
人物
主语:
who,whoeverwhat,whatever
宾语:
whom,whomeverwhat,whatever
名词性从句表语:
whomwhat
定语:
whichwhatwhose
状语whenwherewhyhowwheneverhoweverwherever
不做成份:
thatif/whetherasif/asthough
三、基础知识学习:
主语从句:
主语从句是在复合句中代替作主语的名词,充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1.that引导的主语从句
句首
Thataround-triptoMarswouldtakemorethanayearandahalfisestimated.
Thathemisunderstoodmeisobvious.
That引导主语从句,放句首,不做任何成分,不可省略。
用形式主语it来引导句子
A.that引导主语从句放句首时,有时会为了避免头重脚轻,保持句子平衡,常用it做形式主语,把真正的that引导的主语从句放句后。
Itisstrangethathemadenoanswer.
Itisknowntoallthattheearthisround.
B.用it做形式主语的主语从句结构
注意:
.It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。
而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。
被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。
例如:
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.
It is in the morning that the murder took place.
.whoever,whatever,whichever等词可以引导主语从句,
但nomatterwho,nomatterwhat等不能.
Whoeverbreakstheschoolrulesmustbepunished.
试比较:
Whoeverbreakstheschoolsrules,hemustbepunished.
=Nomatterwhobreakstheschoolrules,hemustbepunished.
1、It+be+名词+that从句
Itisafactthat---事实上…
Itisapitythat---可惜的是…
Itisaquestionthat---…是个问题
Itisahonorthat---…非常荣幸
Itisashamethat---…真是可耻
Itiscommonknowledgethat---毫不奇怪的是…
2、It+be+adj.+that从句
Itiscertainthat---很肯定…
Itisnaturalthat---很自然…
Itisobviousthat---很显然…
Itisclear/evidentthat---很清楚…
Itisfortunatethat---很幸运…
Itisbetterthat---最好…
Itislikely/probably/possiblethat---很有可能…
3、It+be+过去分词+that从句
Itissaidthat---据说…
Itisbelievedthat---人们认为…
Itisreportedthat---据报道…
Itisnotknownthat---….不为人知
Itistobediscussedthat—…要讨论
Ithasbeenprovedthat---…已证明
Itmustbepointedoutthat---必须指出…
Itisestimatedthat---据估计…
4、It+动词+that从句
Itseemsthat---好像是…
Ithappenedthat---碰巧…
Itturnedoutthat---结果…
Itfollowsthat---由此可见…
Itmattersthat---要紧的是…
Itoccurredtomethat---我想到…
Itstruckmethat---我想到…
5、主语从句中的虚拟语气
Itissuggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted,desirable,advisable,imperative…….that-clause
Itisimportant,necessary,natural,strange……that-clause
Itisapity,ashame,nowonder……that-clause
Isitnecessarythathe(should)taketheexamination?
Itisstrangethathe(should)tellyouthis.A.wouldtell
2.wh-引导的主语从句
句首
Howtheprisonerescapedisamystery.
Whatheneedismoreexperience.
用形式主语it来引导句子
Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhethershewillgobybusorbytrain.
Itisnotveryclearwhattheyaretalkingabout.
活学活用一
1.Ithasbeenproved_______eatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessinlaterlife.
2.youcan’tmakegreatprogressinthelanguagelearninghassomethingtodowithyourvocabulary.
3.Ithascometoberealized______particularmattersintheairexposeustolife’srealdanger.
4.______Ican’tunderstandiswhytheillegalcookingoil,mostlymadefromdiscarded(被弃的)kitchenwaste,isdifficulttodetectandidentifyefficiently.
5._________countrieshavinggreatdifficultiesineconomyrightnowneedmostofallisfinancialaidratherthanlecturing.
2)表语从句:
表语从句和主语指同一内容,它对主语进行解释说明,使主语的内容具体化。
表语从句放在连系动词之后,充当复合句中的表语,一般结构是“主语十连系动词+表语从句”。
可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem 等。
1.The problem is that millions of people die of illnesses caused by smoking.
2.The question remains whether we can win the people.
1.that引导的表语从句
Thefactisthathedidn’tnoticethecartilltoolate.
Oneadvantageoflivinginthecountryisthatonecangetclosetonature.
2.wh-疑问词引导的表语从句
Theproblemishowwecankeepintouchwiththem.
Thiswaswhythecomplainedabouttheassignments.
表语从句注意点
(1)表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.
(2)表语从句的引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略.
(3)表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if引导.
(4)不要使用Thereason…isbecausethat…句型,应使用Thereason…isthat…或This/it/that/isbecause…等句型.
(5)表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。
Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.
Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.
活学活用二
1.It’snotimportantwhetheryouwinornot.Whatreallymattersis__________youplaythegame.
2.Thequestiontobediscussedis_______wecanmakeoureffortsrewarded.
3.“Givingis_____fuelsus,”saysMycoskie.“Givingisourfuture.It’sthecentreofourbusiness,andit’stimewecelebrateit.”
4.______Ican’tunderstandiswhytheillegalcookingoil,mostlymadefromdiscarded(被弃的)kitchenwaste,isdifficulttodetectandidentifyefficiently.
3)同位语从句
同位语从句是与先行词同位或同等的从句,先行词常为名词如news,fact,truth,conclusion,hope,decision,belief,opinion,view,feeling,suggestion,proposal,etc.
注意:
同位语从句前名词的数
同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式,并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。
例如:
WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?
Givemeyourpromisethatyouwillcometoourpartythisevening.
WordcamethatChinalauncheditsfirstmannedspaceshiponOct15,2003.
1.that引导的同位语从句
有些名词的后面可以接that引导的同位语从句:
Wecametothedecisionthatwemustactatonce.
Hemadeaproposalthatthemeetingbepostpone.
Therewaslittlehopethathewouldsurvive.
Thefactthathishealthisfallingisnottrue.
Idoubtthereportthattheshipsankonitsfirstvoyage.
以下名词常用于以上句型:
advice,announcement,argument,belief,claim,conclusion,decision,evidence,explanation,fact,feeling,hope,idea,impression,information,knowledge,message,news,opinion,order,probability,promise,proposal,remark,reply,report,saying,statement,suggestion,thought,warning,wish,word
2.wh-引导的同位语从句
Ihavenoideahowsoontheyarecoming.
Haveyouanyideawheretherearehavingarehearsal?
3.同位语从句的割裂
有时同位语从句不是紧跟在与之同位的名词之后,而是被某些成分隔开。
Evidencethathecommittedthecrimecameup.
Evidencecameupthathecommittedthecrime.
Wordcamethattheirteamhadwonthematch.
draw
cometoaconclusion
arriveat
reach
Theconclusionthat/which/XthepolicecametothatTomcommittedthecrimedidn’tsatisfyus.
4.同位语从句的虚拟语气
在suggestion,advice,request,order等意为“建议;命令;要求”的名词后,同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构,句中的should可以省略。
例如:
Ourteachergaveussomeadvicehowwe(should)usethecomputer.
Thesuggestioncamefromthechairmanthatthenewrule(should)beadopted.
活学活用三
1.Evidencecameup___________specificspeechsoundswererecognizedbyinfantsasyoungastwomonthsold.
2.Manyexpertssticktotheview______teacherdevelopmentisthekeytotheeducationquality.
3.Thelong-heldbelief_____certainfoodsincreaseintelligencehasturnedouttobeadisappointment.
4.Whenitcomestomentalhealth,thefactissometimesneglected______moreandmoreteachersareundergreatpressure.
5.Moreteensbegintorealizethebasicprinciple_______thereismoretoapersonthanphysicalbeauty.
4)宾语从句
1.that引导的宾语从句(that可省略)
Ihopethatyouwillenjoyyourstayhere.
(suggest,demand,insist,order虚拟)suggestthatsb.(should)do
2.wh-引导的宾语从句
SheaskedwhatsecondlanguageIwasstudyingthen.
Iwonderif/whetherthereisanyneedtospendsomuchmoneyontheparty.
Shewillwriteabookonhowyoungmothersshouldraisetheirbabies.
3.宾语从句的语序:
陈述句(连接词+主语+谓语)
Heaskedwhathadhappened.
Hedidn’tknowwhatwasthematter/whatwaswrong.
4.两个宾语从句
And/but两个that分别同时作句子的宾语时,第二个that通常不省略。
Hesaid(that)……andthat……
Theybelieved(that)landdidnotbelongtopeoplebutthatpeoplebelongtoland.
5.doubt后面的从句
doubt(肯定)+whether/wh-/when
don’tdoubt+that
Thereisnodoubtthat
6.介词后面的宾语从句
that通常不能跟在介词后面做宾语,但是在介词in,except,besides,but,save之后可跟that从句。
inthat(因为,在……方面),exceptthat(除了),besidesthat(除了),butthat(要不是),savethat(除了),etc.
IknownothingaboutthemanexceptthatheisanIndian.
Criticismisnecessaryinthatithelpstocorrectourmistakes.
7.宾语从句的疑问词提前
DoyouknowhowholdIam?
HowolddoyouthinkIam?
doyouthink,doyousuggest,doyouimagine,doyouexpect,doyouguess,doyouassume,etc.
Whatdoyousupposeweshoulddowiththepollution?
8)宾语从句中的虚拟语气:
在动词(大都表示“要求、建议、命令”意义)suggest,order,demand,request,desire,insist,require,decide,determine,advise,recommend,deserve(值得提及)后需用should型的虚拟语气。
heteacherdemandedthatthework(should)befinishedbefore4o’clock.
Hesuggestedthatshe(should)haveanoperationatonce.
◆注意suggest当表示“暗示、表明“讲时,insist表示“坚持认为”之意时,主从句时态相应一致,不用虚拟语气。
Whathesaidsuggestedhewasadoctor.
Heinsistedthatwhathesaidwasright.
活学活用四
1.Itisnotalwaysseasyforthepublictosee____________useanewinventioncanbeoftohumanlife.
2.Itevenleavesthescientistsinwonder_____theyshouldcallthenewly-borncreature,whichlookshalf-humanandhalf-animal.
3.Manyskilledworkerswereorganizedtoclearaway______remainedintheWorldExposite.
4.Consumersaregettingmoresensibleandbuyonly_____theyneedinspiteofalltheadvertisementstheysee.
5.Chinesemedicalexpertshavewarned_____antibiotics(抗生素)havebeen“heavilyoverused”athospitals,whichmightcauseseriousside-effects.
6.Themanagerseemsnevertobesatisfiedwith______thecompanyhasachieved.
7.Themanagerwillput______hethinkshasastrongsenseofdutyintheleadershipposition.
8.DeepintheAtlanticOcean,explorershavefoundmaybethemostvaluablesunkentreasureinhistory.
9.Recently,theChinesegovernmentgavesomeexamplesof_______DalaiLama’svisitingforeign
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