中考详解直接间接引语.docx
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中考详解直接间接引语.docx
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中考详解直接间接引语
关于直接引语和间接引语的语法总结
一、定义:
直接引语:
原封不动地引述别人的话。
间接引语:
说话人站在自己立场上来转述别人的话。
二、特点:
直接引语:
在直接引语之前后要加上引号(‘’或“”)。
例如:
1、Shesaid,’IhavelivedinLondonforyears’.
2、Billsaid,’I’mhungry.’
间接引语:
由于时间和空间的立脚点不同,在转述时要把别人的原话作某些改动。
这些改动主要有:
1)如主句的谓语动词为过去时态,间接引语中的谓语动词一般按下列规律变动:
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般将来时
现般过去将来时
现在完成进行时
过去完成进行时
一般过去时
(多数变为)过去完成时
例如:
1、”She’spreparingherlessons,”Isaid.(directspeech)
Isaid(that)shewaspreparingherlesson.(indirectspeech)
2、Isaidtothem,”He’llgetexcited.”
Itoldthem(that)hewouldgetexcited.
3、Hesaidtome,”Janespentallhertimedoingthat.”
Hetoldme(that)Janehadspentallhertimedoingthat.
[注意]1、直接引语中的谓语动词为一般过去时,如与一个具体的表示过去的时间(如in1992,lastweek等)连用,在变为间接引语时可以不变。
如:
Myfathersaidtome,”Ireadthebookin1986.”
Myfathertoldmehereadthebookin1986.
[注意]2、直接引语表达的意思是客观规律,客观事实时,在变为间接引语时可不变。
如:
Theteachersaidtous,”Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”
Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.
2)代词要根据句中的意义作相应的变动。
如
[注意]人称代词的变化:
一主:
如果直接语中的人称为第一人称,变为间接引语时,就要将它变为与主句主语相一致的人称
“Ihaven’tbroughtmydictionary,”thestudentsaid.
→Thestudentsaid(that)hehadn’tbroughthisdictionary.
二宾:
如果直接引语中的人称为第二人称,变为间接引语时,就要将它变为与主句宾语相一致的人称。
“YouspeakEnglishverywell.”theteachersaidtome.
→TheteachertoldmeIspokeEnglishverywell.
三不变:
如果直接引语中的人称为第三人称,变为间接引语时就不作任何改变。
“He'llbebackinfivedays."Mr.Wusaid.
→Mr.Wusaidthathewouldbebackinfivedays.
This,these相应地改为that,those.
3)状语一般须作出下列变动:
直接引语
间接引语
now
then
ago
before
today
thatday
thismorning
thatmorning
yesterday
thedaybefore
yesterdaymorning
themorningbefore
tomorrow
thenextday,thefollowingday,thedayafter
lastweek(monthetc.)
theweek(monthetc.)before
nextweek(monthetc.)
theweek(monthetc.)after,thefollowingweek(month)etc
thisweek(monthetc.)
thatweek(monthetc.)
here
there
例如:
I’llcomeandseeyouagainthisevening,Tom.”hesaid.
HetoldTom(that)hewouldgoandseehimagainthatevening.
[注意]1、在句子的意义不会引起误解的情况下,状语有时也可不变。
“I’llcomehereagaintoday,”shesaid.
Shesaid(that)she’dcomehereagaintoday.
2、动词come可根据具体情况相应地改为go.
4)当直接引语是疑问句时,除注意在人称、时态和状语等方面作相应的变动外,还要注意:
1、间接引语中要用陈述句的语序
2、特殊疑问词要保留
3、一般、选择或反意疑问句在间接引语前要加连词wether(或if).
例如:
”Isthereanythingwrong,Madam?
”askedthepoliceman.
Thepolicemanaskedthewomanwether(或if)therewasanythingwrong.
5)当直接引语为祈使句时,主句中的谓语动词在变动时往往根据直接引语中的口气换用ask,invite,advise,warn,tell,order等动词,而直接引语中的谓语动词则要变成动词不定式。
例如:
1、Pleaseexplainwhyyou’retwoandahalfhourslate,”thebosssaid.
Thebossaskedhimtoexplainwhyhewastwoandahalfhourslate.
2、”Geteverythingreadyrightnow”theteachersaidtothestudents.
Theteacherorderedthestudentstogeteverthingreadyrightnow.
[注意]有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句,可以用suggest,insist等动词加以转述。
例如:
Hesaid,"Let’sgotothetheatre."
Hesuggested(our)goingtothetheatre.或Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothetheatre.
6)当直接引语是感叹句时,间接引语为what或how引导,也可以用that引导。
例如:
Shesaid,"Whatalovelydayitis!
"
Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.
[语法专练]
一、选择题
1、Itoldhimthatmyparentsthatplacethenextyear.
AwillvisitBvisitCvisitedDweregoingtovisit
2、Sheaskedhersisterwearhercoat.
Adon’tBtonotCnottoDdid’t
3、Theteacheraskedhershehadsomanystrangequestions
AwhyBthatC/Dwhich
4、HeaskedmeIhadseenthefilmthenightbefore.
AthatBwhenCweatherDwhat
5、Thedoctoraskedhimifhebetterthatday.
AisfeelingCwasfeelingBwouldbefeelingDfelt
6、HeaskedmeIhadspentmyholidaythatyear.
AthatBwhichCwhereDthat
7、Theirteachertoldthepupilsthatsaltwateratalowertemperaturethanfreshwater.
AfrozeBwouldfreezeCfreezeDfreezes
8、Fathertoldhissonthatthesunintheeastandinthewest.
Arises…setsBrose…setCrises…setDrose…sets
9、TomtoldmeCollinhislegandwalk.
Abroke…couldn’tBbroke…can’tChadbroken…could’tDhadbroken…can’t
10、Shetoldmethatshetherethenextday.
AisgoingtoleaveBwasgoingtoleaveCwillleaveDisleaving
11.Heoftensays:
”Ishalltellyouaboutthem.”
Heoftentellsmethat_____willtell_____about______.
A.I…you…themB.he…me…themC.he…you…us
D.I…me…you
12.Youmustsaytoher,”Idependonyouandhim.”
Youmusttellherthat_____dependon____and_____.
A.I...you...himB.she...you...meC.you...her...him
D.you...me...him
13.Ishalltellhim,”Ihavewrittentoyouandhertwice”.
Ishalltellhimthat_____havewrittento_____and______twice.
A.I...him...herB.you...him...herC.I...you...me
D.you...me...her
14.Jacksaidtome,”Youlookworriedtoday”.
Jacktoldmethat_____worried_____.
A.helooks...todayB.youlook...todayC.welooked...thatday
D.Ilooked...thatday
15.Wesaidtoher,”They’rewalkingthroughthestreetnow”.
Wetoldherthat_____throughthestreet______.
A.wewerewalking...thenB.youarewalking...now
C.theywerewalking...thenD.theywalking...now
16.MrBlacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek”.
MrBlacksaidthat______alongway_____.
A.Ihadwalked...lastweekB.hehadwalked...thatweek
C.Iwalked...lastweekD.hehaswalked...thisweek
17.MrsJohnsonsaid,”drewthepicturelastweek”.
MrsJohnsonsaidthat_____thepicture_____.
A.shedrew...theweekbeforeB.Ihaddrawn...thatweek
C.shehaddrawn...theweekbeforeD.Idrew...thelastweek
18.Yousaidtome,”Ihadthoughtitoverbeforeyouasked”.
Youtoldmethatyou______itoverbefore_____.
A.hadthought...IaskedB.hadthought...youhadasked
C.hadhadthought...IaskedD.thought...youhadasked
19.Themanthought,”Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow”.
Themanthoughtthat____takeitback_____.
A.Ishall...tomorrowB.Ishall...thenextday
C.heshould...tomorrowD.hewould...thenextday
20.Theysaidtous,“Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse”?
Theyaskedus____afraidtoleave_____house.
A.thatwerewe...thisB.thatwewere...that
C.ifwerewe...thisD.ifwewere...that
21.DoyouknowEnglish?
”heasked.
Heaskedif_______English.
A.IknewB.youknowC.heknewD.Iknow
22.Hesaid,”DoIhaveanythingtodowithher?
”
Heasked____anythingtodowith_____.
A.ifdidhehave...meB.ifhehad...me
C.whetherhehad...herD.whetherhehad...her
23.IsaidtoJenny,“Areyougettingonwellwithhimnow?
”
IaskedJenny_____gettingonwellwithhim____.
A.whetherwasshe...thenB.ifshewas...then
C.howwasI...nowD.howIwas...now
24.Theteacherasked,”Hasshereadenoughthisweek?
”
Theteacherasked____readenough____week.
A.ifshehad...thatB.whethershehas...this
C.ifhadshe...thatD.whetherhasshe...this
25.Janesaid,”Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago?
”
Janeasked____about_____.
A.thatheheard...aweekagoB.ifheheard...theweekago
C.whathehadherd...aweekagoD.whathehadheard...theweekbefore
26.Peoplesaid,”Whohadtheytakenawaywhenitgotdark?
”
Peopleaskedwho______takenawaywhenit_____dark.
A.hadthey...gotB.theyhad...got
C.hadtheyhad...hadgotD.theyhadhad...hadgot
27.Sheasked,”Whosehousewillhebreakintonexttime?
”
Sheaskedwhosehouse____breakinto_____.
A.willhe...nexttimeB.wouldhe...thenexttime
C.hewill...nexttimeD.hewould...thenexttime
28.Jacksaidtoher,”Wheredoyouspendyourholidays?
“
Jackaskedherwhere____holidays.
A.shespendherB.youspendyour
C.shespentherD.youspentyour
29.Blackaskedme,“Whyhaven¯tyoulefthereyet?
”
Blackaskedmewhy____yet.
A.Ihadn’tleftthereB.Ihaven’tlefthere
C.hadn’tIleftthereD.haven’tIlefthere
30.Theteacheraskedher,”Doesthesunriseintheeast?
”
Theteacheraskedher____thesun____intheeast.
A.if...riseB.if...risesC.whether...roseD.whetherdid...rise
31.Themansaidtome,”Pleasesendforadoctornow!
”
Theman____me_____foradoctor.
A.ordered...tosend...thenB.told...send...now
C.asked...tosend...thenD.asked...send...now
32.Themothersaid,”Befriendlytoothers,son.”
Themother______friendlytoothers.
A.askedhersonbeB.orderedhersontobe
C.toldhersonbeD.toldhersontobe
33.Isaidtomydaughter,”Don’tmakeanymistakesinit”.
I_____mydaughter_____anymistakesinit.
A.asked...don’tmakeB.ordered...didn’tmake
C.told...nottomakeD.told...tonotmake
34.Hesaid,”MrBlack,introduceyourselftothem,please.”
He______MrBlack____tothem.
A.asked...tointroduceyourselfB.asked...tointroducehimself
C.told...introduceyourselfD.ordered...introducehimself
35.Theteachersaidtotheboys,”Payattentiontothis.”
Theteacher_____theboys_____attentionto______.
A.asked...pay...thisB.ordered...topay...this
C.told...pay...thatD.told...topay...that
36.Themanshouted,”Youdon’tmakesomuchnoise”.
Theman____toomuchnoise.
A.orderedthemnottomakeB.toldyounottomake
C.askedthemtonotmakeD.shoutedyoutonotmake
37.Thecaptainsaid,“Takeholdofthisend,man!
”
Thecaptain____thesoldier____holdof_____end.
A.asked...totake...thatB.asked...take...this
C.ordered...totake...thatD.ordered...take...this
38.Themothersaid,”Doctor,pleasesavemyson.”
Themother_____son.
A.askeddoctorsavemyB.askedthedoctortosaveher
C.tolddoctorsavemyD.toldthedoctortosaveher
39.Hesaidtothesoldiers,”Putdownyourgunsatonce.”
He_____thesoldiers____down____gunsatonc
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