高中英语真题U4重点词汇讲解1.docx
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高中英语真题U4重点词汇讲解1.docx
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高中英语真题U4重点词汇讲解1
高中英语真题:
U4重点词汇讲解
It has the distinction of being the oldest and most complex underground system in the world.
distinction:
n.
区分,区别,差别
eg. 1) a line of distinction (区别的)界限
2) make/draw a clear distinction between right and wrong分清是非曲直
3) There’s a distinction between what he says and what he does. 他所说的和所做的有区别。
声誉,名声
eg. 1) people of distinction知名人士
2) attain / gain / win distinction出名
3) I had the great distinction of being invited to speak at the conference.
我十分荣幸地被邀请
在该会议上发言。
拓展:
distinct adj 明显的,清楚的
distinctive adj 有特色的,与众不同的
distinction构成的常见短语:
(make a) distinction between right and wrong 分清对错
without distinction 毫无区别
have the distinction of … 享有……的美誉
Horse-drawn buses, trams, cabs and carriages were used to convey people to and around the city centre.
convey:
vt.
搬运, 运送
eg. 1) This ship conveys oil from the Middle East. 这艘船从中东运输石油。
2) This train conveys both passengers and goods. 这列火车既载客又运货。
3) A taxi conveyed us to the railway station. 一辆出租车将我们载到火车站。
表达, 传达(思想感情), 转达
eg. 1) Convey my congratulations to your brother. 代我向你弟弟表示祝贺。
2) His manner conveyed a slight nervousness. 他的态度透露出一点紧张。
3) Words cannot convey how happy I am. 言语无法表达我是多么幸福。
传导, 传播, 传染
eg. 1) Air is the medium by which sound waves are conveyed.空气是声波传播的媒质。
2) A wire conveys an electric current. 导线输送电流。
In spite of his unfortunate personal experience, his songs _______ a feeling of warmth and hope.
A. convey B. reveal C. contain D. indicate (答案:
A )
However, new trains had to be developed and the plan required raising a large amount of money, so the digging was postponed until 1860.
postpone:
vt. 推迟, 延迟
常用搭配:
postpone doing …
eg. 1) I am disappointed that you are postponing your visit next week, but I expect I will see you soon.
2) The match was postponed to Saturday because of bad weather. 比赛因天气不好而延迟到星期六。
3) We have to postpone sending our answer to the request. 我们不得不暂缓寄出对申请书的答复。
Because of the smoke from the steam engines, early underground lines needed large holes leading to the surface at regular intervals, so that people could get fresh air and would not choke.
choke :
vt. 噎塞;阻塞,堵塞,塞满
eg. 1) The smoke almost choked me烟呛得我几乎透不过气来。
2) The road is almost choked(up) with traffic. 马路几乎被交通堵住了。
vi 窒息,说不出话 choke with
eg. 1) He choke with anger .他气得说不出话来。
Having seen the situation, a wealthy American businessman, Charles Yerkes, undertoo improving the system by obtaining ownership of the many different lines and setting up the Underground Electric Railways of London, in 1902.
undertake:
vt. 着手,进行; 承担(工作,责任等),承办; 保证,担保
eg. 1) He undertook a new experiment. 他着手一项新的实验
2) I will undertake the responsibility for you. 我会为你负起责任。
3) He undertook to finish the work by Monday. / He undertook that he would finish the work by Monday.
他担保在星期一以前完成工作。
When was bombed, many underground stations functioned as bomb shelters.
This machine doesn’t function/work properly 这台机器有点毛病
function:
n. 功能,机能,作用
eg. 1) the function of the heart 心脏的功能
2) The function of a chairman is to lead and control meetings. 主席的职责是引导并控制会议
3) The hall may be hired for weddings and other functions. 这个大厅可租来举行婚礼或其他集会
4) perform / play an important function / role / part 起重大作用
vi.起作用,运转
eg. 1) Some English adverbs function as adjectives. 英语中有些副词可用作形容词。
2) Your computer won’t function well once attacked by viruses.
一旦受到病毒攻击,你的电脑将无法正常运行。
dozen n. 一打,十二个,十来个,许多
dozen 与数词或several, many, a few连用时,dozen 本身不加-s
two (many, several)dozen pencils 俩(好多,几)打铅笔
当dozen所修饰的名词前有these,those,my,your,the等限定词时,dozen也不加-s,但要在dozen后加上of。
eg :
I want three dozen of these eggs.我要三打这种蛋。
拓展:
by the dozen 按打(出售)
in dozens成打地,一打一打地
Mr. Smith _____ me to buy several ______ eggs for dinner.
A .asked; dozen B. suggested:
dozens of C. had, dozen D. persuaded, dozens (答案:
A)
couple
n. two items of the same kind; a pair; two people are seen together, especially if they are or in a Romanic or sexual relationship
eg. 1) a loving couple 一对情侣
2) They make a good couple. 他们是绝佳的一对。
3) The young couple seems/seem to be happy. 这对年轻人看起来很快乐。
a couple of 两个, 一双, 一对; 两三个,几个, 数个。
eg. 1) The festival lasts a couple of days. 这节日持续两天。
2) They keep a couple of dogs. 他们养了两条狗。
3) She is expecting a baby in a couple of months. 她两三个月后要生小孩。
4) I received a couple of letters last week. 上星期我收到了两三封信。
This notice
is aimed at promoting people’s awareness of the problem.
aim:
n. 目标
The aim of this is to reduce air pollution.
拓展:
aim 构成的常见短语
with the aim of doing sth. 带有……目的,take aim at … 以……目标
eg. 1) Research is being done with specific aim of monitoring customer trends.
做这个研究的特定目的是为监测客户的动向。
2) Alan took aim at the tiger. 阿伦瞄准了老虎。
aim:
v. 瞄准,致力于,使某物针对某人
固定搭配:
aim at/for…以……为目标, aim to do sth目的在于;打算, be aimed at目的在于
eg. 1) aimed his gun but did not shoot. 丹佛用枪瞄准了目标,但没有开枪。
2) It’
s important that you should have some sort of a goal to aim for. 有一个为之奋斗的目标很重要。
3) I am aiming to lose 4kg before the summer holidays. 我的目标是暑假前减掉4公斤体重。
4) This notice is aimed at increasing people’s awareness of the problem because it has become quite extreme. 此通告的目的在于提高人们对这以问题的认识,因为该问题已相当严重。
Many drivers are aggressive and push into other lanes of traf
fic or pass other cars.
aggressive:
adj. 好攻击的,好寻衅的,好争吵的; 强有力的,干劲很大的
eg. 1) Aggressive nations threaten world peace. 侵略成性的国家威胁世界和平。
2) A good salesman must be aggressive if he wants to succeed. 要做好推销员一定要有闯劲才能成功。
If you drive aft
er you have consumed alcoholic drinks or are drunk, you are violating the law and risking your own life as well as the lives of others.
consume:
vt.吃完,喝完; 消耗,花费(某事物); 将……烧尽
eg. 1) He consumed all the sandwiches. 他吃完了所有的三明治。
2) The car consumes a lot of fuel. 这辆汽车很费汽油。
3) The fire consumed the entire building. 大火烧了整栋建筑物。
拓展:
n. 消耗,消耗量consumption 消费者consumer
eg. 1) We have measure
d the car’s fuel consumption. 我们测量了这辆汽车的汽油消耗量。
2) Consumers are encouraged to complain about faulty goods. 要鼓励消费者对劣质商品投诉。
This is a fact that is easily dismissed, but driving too fast through city streets is very dangerous.
di
smiss:
vt. 摒弃,放弃,对……不削一顾; 解雇,开除,让某人离开,解散
eg. 1) He just laughed and dismissed my suggestion as unrealistic.
他只是笑笑,就以不实际为由拒绝了我的建议。
2) Will they dismiss Woods for stealing the money?
他们会因伍兹偷了钱而解雇他吗?
3) The teacher might dismiss the class early today because of the snow.
由于下雪,今天老师或许会提早下课。
Carrying more than a light load on your bicycle makes it more difficult to control.
load :
n. 负载;负荷
These backpacks are designed to carry a heavy load.这些背包是为负载重物而设计的。
v. 装入;装上
常用结构:
load (up) A with B 用B装A
load A onto/into B 把A装到B上
eg. 1) Sacks are being loaded onto the truck. 人们正在把麻袋装上卡车。
2) Men are loading a truck with timber. 工人们正在将木料装上卡车。
拓展:
loads of 许多(修饰可数或不可数名词)
bear the load of 负担……的重任 take a load off one’s mind 如释重负
Sixteen years later, in 1884, the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District Railway linked up and provided underground service in the middle of the city.
link up:
将…….结合,连接; 会合,碰头
eg. 1) Engineers can link up distant country sides by radio or telephone.
工程师们能用无线电或电话把遥远的乡村连接起来。
2) The two space will link up in orbit. 两艘宇宙飞船将于轨道上连接。
3) Where shall we link up?
我们在哪里集会。
拓展:
link A to B 把A和B连接起来
join up 连接起来 join up the two towns
add up 加起来 add up the numbers
In addition to the frequent rapid ferries to ports in Weihai and Yantai, there are slower ferries to Shanghai, Qinhuangdao and Inchon in .
in addition to:
除此以外还有……
In addition to giving a general introduction to computer, the course also provides practical experience.
课程除了一般介绍电脑知识外,还提供实际操作的机会。
拓展:
in addition to可以替换为:
besides, as well as, apart from。
The negotiations struck a snag when the union leaders asked for paid holidays in addition to/ besides/ as well as/ apart from the usual wage increase.
当工会领袖们要求在通常的工资增加之外还应有带薪假日时,商谈遇到了阻碍。
The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased over the past year.
arise from:
由……引起, 相当于result from
All the errors arose from/resulted from your carelessness. 所有的错误是由你的马虎引起的。
拓展:
arise:
vi. 产生;发生;出现; 站起来,起身
eg. 1) They didn’t expect that so many problems would arise when they were carrying out the plan.
他们没想到在实施这个计划时,出现了这么多问题。
2) He arose and walked to the door. 他站起身来向门口走去。
练习:
一、根据句子意思以及所给中文或首字母提示,写出单词的正确形式。
1. After the terrible earthquake , the Japanese government ________ (运送)people to safer places.
2.It is _________ (难以置信的
) that such a famous company should play a trick on its customers.
3. Call me later. I must have a little peace and quiet to (集中精力)on these figures.
4.Can you imagine that the Zhaozhou bridge is still _________ (起作用) after 1500 years?
5. He won a (声誉)for his contribution to society.
6. I like the hamburgers where we usually have hamburgers, but you can’t make the a that I’ll like the hamburgers here.
7. The reason why she married him was that she wanted to obtain the o of his company.
8. At weeken
ds, the downtown d is always crowded with people.
9. The factory was f 20,0000 yuan for violating the law of environmental protection.
10. During holidays it is necessary to make a r in advance in a good restaurant.
11. The new type of Ipad is (方便使用的);that’s why it’s some young people’s favorite.
12. Once you have (承担) it, you should do it.
13. Your idea sounds ______ (合理的). Maybe we can have a try.
14.We should (加快) the development of science, technology and education in the western region.
15. Without being (允许),nobody can enter this building.
16. Please
inform me of your date of d , and I will see you off at the airport.
17. Receiving an i to the party,she was too excited to fall asleep.
18. Do you know fifty years is the golden a ?
19. After the interview, the secretary
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