Unit3 Goods Move People Move Ideas Move.docx
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Unit3 Goods Move People Move Ideas Move.docx
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Unit3GoodsMovePeopleMoveIdeasMove
Unit3
GoodsMove.PeopleMove.IdeasMove.AndCulturesChange.
ErlaZwingle
StructureoftheText
PartI(Paras.1-3)
Globalizationisarealitybutitisnotsomethingcompletelynew.Whatisnewisthespeedandscopeofchange.
PartII(Paras.4-6)
Thispartdealswithdifferentviewsonglobalization.
PartIII(Paras.7-9)
Threepointsaremadeinthispart:
(1)Westernizationisnotastraightroadtohell,ortoparadiseeither.
(2)Culturesareasresourceful,resilient,andunpredictableasthepeoplewhocomposethem.
(3)Teenagersareoneofthepowerfulenginesofmergingglobalcultures.
PartIV(Paras.10-13)
Thispartdescribestheauthor’sexperiencewithAmandaFreeman,a“coolhunter.”
PartV(Paras.14-19)
Inordertoprovethatthetrendistowardfusion,theauthorusesTomSloperandmah-jongasanexample.
PartVI(Para.20)
Thisisatransition,usingChina’schangeinthepast20yearsasanexample.
PartVII(Paras.21-24)
ThispartdealswithculturaltrendsinShanghai.
PartVIII(Paras.25-28)
TheauthorusesherexperienceattheShanghaiTheatreAcademytoillustrateherpointthatthechangeisatthelevelofideas.
PartIX(Paras.29-34)
Inthispart,theauthorintroducesAlvinToffler’sviewonconflict,changeandtheworldorder.
PartX(Para.35)
Asumming-upoflinking---goodsmove,peoplemoveandideasmove.
PartXI(Para.36)
Conclusion:
Theresultoflinkingischangewhich meanstransformationofeachother.
PartXII(Paras.37-39)
TheauthoragainusesanexamplefromShanghaitoillustratethetransformationofcultures.
PartVIII(Para.40)
Linkingintheend meansthelinkingofheart.
II.DetailedAnalysisoftheText
1.QuestionsonParagraph1:
●Howdoestheauthorbeginthisarticle?
WhydoesshequoteMarxandEngels?
Theauthorbeginsthearticlewiththestatement“Todayweareinthethroesofaworldwidereformationofcultures”whichiscalledglobalization.Heretheauthorpointsoutthatglobalizationisaworldwidemovementandamovementofreformationofcultures.Shedoesnotsay,“mergingofcultures”but“reformationofcultures,”indicatingthattheculturesintheworldwillcontinuetoexistbuttheywillnotexistunchanged.
●Theauthorthensaysthatglobalizationisnotanexactwordtodescribethechanges.Why?
TheauthorquotesMarxandEngelstoproveherpoint.Accordingtopolls,MarxandEngelsareratedamongthemostinfluentialfiguresofthepastonethousandyears.Theauthor’sintentionistwo-fold:
ontheonehandshewantstoshowthatglobalizationhasresultedfromtheriseofmodernindustryandworldmarkets;ontheothershewantstostressthatitisaprocessandahistoricalprocessatthat.
Editor’snote:
ThefavorablereceptionintheWestofChineseKunQu(昆曲)“PeonyPavilion”(牡丹亭),thepopularityofKoreanfilmsinChina,theuproarovertaintedmilkpowderinvolvingaChinese-NewZealandjointventurecompany,thealarmcausedinternationallybybirdfluareallexamplesofthedevelopmentofglobalization.
2.Todayweareinthethroesofaworldwidereformationofcultures,atectonicshiftofhabitsanddreamscalled,inthecuriousvocabularyofsocialscientists,“globalization.”(Para.1)
inthethroesof:
intheactofstrugglingwith(aproblem,decision,task,etc.)
Translation:
今天我们正经历着一种世界范围文化剧变的阵痛,一种习俗与追求的结构性变化,用社会科学家奇特的词汇来称呼这种变化,就叫“全球化”。
3.Inplaceoftheoldwants,requiringfortheirsatisfactiontheproductsofdistantlandsandclimes,...(Para.1)
Paraphrase:
Insteadofpeople’straditionalneeds,wefindnew“felt”needs,demandinggoodsfromdistantandfar-offplacestomeetthem.
Note:
Theobjectof“requiring”is“theproducts;“fortheirsatisfaction”isanadverbialphrase,showingpurpose.
4.Theirstatementnowdescribesanordinaryfactoflife.(Para.1)
Paraphrase:
MarxandEngelsmadetheprediction150yearsago.Buttodayitisnotapredictionbutsomethingthathappenseveryday.
5.Howpeoplefeelaboutthisdependsagreatdealonwheretheyliveandhowmuchmoneytheyhave.(Para.2)
Paraphrase:
People’sattitudetowardglobalizationistoagreatextentdeterminedbywhethertheyareindevelopedorlessdevelopedcountriesandwhethertheyareamongthehavesorthehave-nots.
Note:
Theauthoristoalargeextentcorrectinmakingthisstatement.AccordingtopollsintheU.S.,theattitudetowardsglobalizationhasalottodowithaperson’slevelofincomeandeducation.Ananalysisoftheeconomicsituationintheworldinrecentyearsshowsthatmostofthebenefitsofglobalizationhavegonetothedevelopedworld,hencethedissatisfactionandresentmentofmanyintheThirdWorld.
6.Yetglobalization,asonereportstated,“isareality,notachoice.”(Para.2)
Paraphrase:
Globalizationisnotsomethingthatyoucanacceptorreject;itisalreadyafactoflife,whichyouwillencounterandhavetorespondtoeveryday.
7.Humanshavebeenweavingcommercialandculturalconnectionssincebeforethefirstcamelcaravanventuredafield.(Para.2)
caravan:
acompanyoftravelers,esp.ofmerchantsorpilgrimstravelingtogetherforsafety,asthroughadesert
venture:
toundertaketheriskof,tobrave
afield:
away(fromhome)
Paraphrase:
Peopleintheworldmadecommercialandculturalcontactslongbeforemerchantsoncamelsriskedtravelingtoplacesfarawayfromhome.
8.wrought(Para.2):
(pastparticipleofwork)toproduceresultsorexertaninfluence
9.Telegraph...betweenindividualsandthewiderworld.(Para.2)
Paraphrase:
Theinventionofthetelegraphbroughtindividualsandtheoutsideworldcloserbutatthesametimetheconnectionwasmorecomplex,lessdirect,notsoeasytoseeordetect.
Translation:
电报、电话、收音机和电视把个人和外部世界更紧密地连在一起,这种联系更为复杂、不那么直接也不易察觉。
Note:
Theauthoruses“intricate”and“complicated”todescribetheconnectionbecausewiththeemergenceofadvancedtechnology,theconnectionisnotonlyfasterbutalsomoredifficulttosee,toexplain.Forexample,connectionwiththeoutsideworldthroughwatchingcableTVorlisteningtoradioislesstangibleandmuchlessdirectthancamelcaravans.Butaconnectionisestablished.TelegraphandInternetconnectionsareexamples.YoucanconnectthroughtheInternettoapersonyoumayneverhaveactuallymetinperson.
10.Still,thebasicdynamicremainsthesame:
Goodsmove.Peoplemove.Ideasmove.(Para.3)
dynamic:
aforceproducingmotionorchange
Note:
“Still”hereintroducesacontrast.Paragraph2tellsthereadersthatmoderntechnologymakestheconnectionsandchangesfasterandmorecomplicated.Paragraph3stressesthatthebasicpatternisthesame.Thedifferenceliesinthespeedandscopeofchange.
11.QuestionsonParagraph4:
(1)HowdoWesternsocialscientists,anthropologistsandpoliticiansviewthetrendtowardglobalization?
Doestheauthoragree?
Whatisyourview?
ManymembersofthesegroupsbelievethatglobalizationwillresultinthespreadofAmericangoodsaswellasAmericanvaluesandculture,andthattheconsequencewillinevitablybetheAmericanizationoftheworld.
Theauthorisnotsopessimistic.ShedoesnotthinkthatglobalizationmeansAmericanization;shebelievesavarietyofcultureswillcontinuetoexist,butthattheywillallbechanged.Thiscanbeseeninheropeningstatement,inPara.3-4,andinherconcludingparagraph.
Thefactorsmentionedbythecriticsofglobalizationdoexist.TheUnitedStates,astheworld’sonlysuperpower,hastakenadvantageofglobalizationtogreatlyexpanditsexportsofgoodsaswellasideasandvalues.IfyougoontheInternet,theoverwhelmingamountofinformationisinEnglish.Ininternationalbusiness,theprevalentmeansofcommunicationisEnglish.ThatiswhycriticsincludetheEnglishlanguageaspartofthe“culturalassault”.ThisconcernissharedbysomeChinesecitizens/intellectuals.Butglobalizationisadouble-edgedsword,whichmeansitcancuteitherway.Advantagesanddisadvantagescoexist.Thedeterminingfactorisgovernmentpolicy.Closed-doorpolicieshaveprovedtobedisastrous.
Sotheonlyfeasibleapproachistomakefulluseoftheadvantagesandtominimizethenegativeeffects.
(2)Istheauthor’sdescriptionofthebookChinaCanSayNoaccurate?
No.‘TheburningofHollywood’isthesubtitleforasectioninthebookinwhichtheauthorsdiscusstheburningofHollywoodfilmsbytheFrench–itisnotadvicetotheChinese.TheauthorsaidhewouldnotflyonaBoeing777,notbecauseofanti-Americanism,butbecauseoftechnicalflawsinthedesign.Sinceitisbasedoninaccurateinformation,heranalysiscannotbecorrect.
Note:
Theauthormakesthreemorecrucialpoints:
thatthebookisanexampleof“exploitingnationalistanxieties”,thatChinastrugglesbetweenxenophobiaandambition,thatthebook’scentralthemeisthatChinesepeopleshouldnotbelieveblindlyinforeignthings.
12.Whatevertheirbackgroundsoragendas,thesecriticsareconvincedthatWestern—oftenequatedwithAmerican—influenceswillflatteneveryculturalcrease,producing,asoneobservertermsit,onebig“McWorld.”(Para.4)
agenda:
programofthingstobedone
crease:
afoldorwrinkle
McWorld:
aworldmodeledonMcDonald’s,meaningaworldfilledwithAmericangoodsandculture
Paraphrase:
Western...influenceswilloverwhelmallnon-westerncultures,makingthemlosetheirownuniquecharacteristics,sothatintheendtherewillexistonlyonewesternizedorAmericanizedworldorculture.
Translation:
不管他们的背景和纲领如何,这些对全球化持反对态度的人深信西方的影响——往往等同于美国的影响——会把所有文化上的差异一一压平,就像一位观察家所说的,最终产生一个麦当劳世界,一个充满美国货和体现美国价值观的世界。
13.Popularfactionssprouttoexploitnationalistanxieties.…suggestingthatHollywoodbeburned.(Para.5
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