employment of graduates.docx
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employment of graduates.docx
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employmentofgraduates
姚士冬吴泽伟裴佳陈紫玉
0.Introduction……………………………………………………………………………03
1.1Rationale……………………………………………………………………03
1.2Aim…………………………………………………………………………03
1.Presentsituationofgraduateemployment……………………………03
1.3Theemploymentofdifferentmajorsanddifferedteducation………………04
1.4Employmentofmaleandfemaleofcollegestudents………………………04
1.4.1Thejobsmostfemalestudentschoose………………………………05
1.5Differentregionshavedifferentemployment………………………………05
2.Reasons………………………………………………………………………06
1.6Objectivereasons……………………………………………………………06
1.6.1Theworldeconomicslowdown……………………………………06
2.1.2Demandforcommunitycollegestudentsdeviation…………………06
2.1.3Over-supplyofuniversitystudents…………………………………07
2.1.4Notenoughunderstandingbetweenstudentsandenterprises………07
2.2Subjectivereasons……………………………………………………………08
2.2.1Lackofpersonalcapacity……………………………………………08
2.2.2Students’highpersonalexpectations…………………………………08
2.2.3Studentsdonothaveastrongsenseofcareerplanning………………09
3.Solutionstograduates’employmentproblems……………………10
3.1Promoteeconomicdevelopment…………………………………………10
3.2Legislatetonormalizethejobmarket……………………………………10
3.3Strengthentheguidanceofcollegestudents’employment………………11
3.4Encouragecollegestudentstostarttheirownbusinesses………………11
3.5Enhancetheemployabilityandcompetitiveness.………………………12
3.6Furtherstudies.…………………………………………………………13
3.7Establishlong-termmechanism……………………………………………13
Method……………………………………………………………………………14
Results……………………………………………………………………………14
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………15
References…………………………………………………………………………16
Appendix…………………………………………………………………………17
0.1Rationale
Now,graduateemploymenthasbecomeasocialproblem.Thegovernmentandthecommunityhavepaidgreatattentiontothesituation.Inrecentyears,undertheseriousemploymentsituation,collegestudentshavenotthoughtofastheso-called"favored".MinistryofEducation'senrollmentandtheeconomiccrisisof2008havegreatlyincreasedthepressureonstudents’employment;moststudentsareconcernedaboutthefateoftheirfuture.
Collegestudentsshouldalsoenhanceself-awarenesstoknowtheneedsofthecommunityandgathervarioustypesofemploymentinformation,andlearnexpertiseintheuniversitytoenhancetheirabilitytoadapttothecruelcompetitivesociety.
0.2Aim
Thispaperaimstoenablestudentstounderstandthecurrentemploymentsituation.Ontheanalysisofthecausesofthesesituationsandtoprovidestudentswithsomecorrespondingmeasuresandenablestudentstohaveclearobjectives,putintoactionandmakegooduseofuniversitytimesoastolayasolidfoundationforthefuture.
Collegestudentsarenowinaverygrimemploymentsituation.TheILOnotedthattheleveloftheworldeconomyhasshowedsignsofrecovery.However,astheglobaldemandforconsumergoodsandserviceswasstilllow,employerstendtoextendtheworkinghoursofexistingstaffratherthanhireadditionalhands.Asaresult,inshortterm,theunemploymentrateintheworldwillcontinuetomaintainahighlevel.Thiseconomiccrisisnotonlyaffectedtheworldeconomybutalsohasbroughtstudentswhostarttoenterworkingfieldinschoolsaconsiderableimpact.Whatshouldwegofromhere?
NationalUniversityenrollment,thestudentshavingthedifficultproblemofemploymentisanindisputablephenomenon,andtheremaybeatrendtowardsmoreandmoredifficulties.
In2007,thenumberofnationalcollegegraduatesis495million,anincreaseofmorethan82millionpeoplein2006.Graduatesareuptothetotalandincrementalyear.UptoSeptember1,2007,theemploymentnumberofgraduatesis351million.Though54millionmorethanlastyear,therearestillabout1.44millioncollegegraduatesfailedtogetjobs
Resultsshowedthat,onthewhole,despitetheprominentcontradictionsinemploymentinrecentyears,butwiththeeffortsofalllevelsofgovernmentandallsectorsofsociety,especiallyafterseriesofpolicymeasureswereintroduced,theemploymentofgraduateshasmadeabigprogress.
major
Employmentrate(%)
averagemonthlyearnings
(yuan)
engineering
90
2,208
management
89
2,160
economics
88
2,266
……
……
……
education
84
1,968
medicine
82
1710
law
79
2010
philosophy
76
2112
1.1Theemploymentofdifferentmajorsanddifferenteducation
Aswecansee,in2009,theemploymentrateofengineeringrankedthefirstandphilosophythe
last.Whiletheaveragemonthlyearningofeconomicswashigherthanthatofengineering.
ThoughthefinancialcrisisseriouslyimpactedtheChinesemarket,ithadlittleinfluenceontheemploymentofengineering.Andpetroleumengineeringhadthebestemploymentsituation.
ChineseAcademyofPersonnelSciencepublished"Talentreport"expectedthat,by2010,China'stertiaryindustryinserviceisshortoftalentsandexpectedtoreach325million,whichisthoughttobethelargestsectortoexpandjobs.In2010,CivilAviation,machinery,materials,actuary,thesetypesofprofessionalnursingorrelatedfieldarereallyhotandpromising.
Advantageofgraduateemploymentisnotoutstanding.Collegegraduates“hasbeensigned"and"intenthasbeensignedbutthereisno"ratiois49.16%,undergraduates65.52%of,postgraduates66.66%.Collegegraduatesandundergraduatesexpectedtopay1,000-2,000Yuanamonthandonly19.77%and25.31%ofthesurveywillbe2000yuan-3000dollarsastheirsalaryexpectations;whilethemajorityofpostgraduateswillbeacceptedstartingsalaryof2,000-3,000yuan.Althoughthereasonsforthisphenomenonpartlyresultfromthepressureofthetalentmarket,andemployersfortheimproperuseoftalent,butit’srootedinthesimilarcharacteristicsamongcurrentgraduatestudents,undergraduatesandjuniorcollegestudents.Thephenomenonofhigh-educatedpeopletakingupthejobsoflow-educatedpeople,inessence,isindicatedtheissuesofemploymentquality.
1.2employmentofmaleandfemaleofcollegestudents
AccordingtotheresearchfromBeijinguniversityinstituteforpublicpolicy,withthegovernmenttyinghardtoeliminatethediscriminationinemploymentandstrengthentheequalemploymentpolicy,genderdifferencesstillexistsintheprocessofapply,butthedegreehasreducedgreatly.However,themalecangethigheraverageearnings,thefemalegetlowerandco
mparedwithlastyearthegaphasbecomelargerinrecentyears.Thefemalearestillunderhugepressurethoughtheycangetnearstartingearnings(1000~3000)withmalewhenapplyingjobs.
InternationalLabourOrganizationpublished"Womeninthelabormarket:
tomeasureprogressandidentifychallenges."Reportthat,despitetheincreasingnumberofwomenwalkoutofthehouse,intotheworkplace,buttoaddressgenderequalityinemploymentisstillalongwaytogo
1.2.1Thejobsmostfemalecollegestudentschoose
Fromtheperspectiveofhumanphysiology,girlsarenaturallygoodatperceptualthinking,menarelogicalthinkingability.Assuchdifferencesappearedwhenathighschools,boystendtochoosescienceandgirlsarts.Girls’talentslikelanguagetalent,patienceandsoonmakethemtheheroinsomemajors
Mostfemaleundergraduatesaremorelikelytobetourguides,assistances,accountants,secretaries,teachers,copyeditorsandteachersandsoon.Butnowmorefemalearestepintothefieldsthatwasregardedmen-only,suchaslawyer,engineerandgovernmentleaderetc.Femalehasplayedavitalpartinthemodernsociety.comparedwithboys,girlspracticeskillsareweaker.Butwiththedevelopmentofsocietyandstrengtheningoffemale’sself-worth,thegaphaslargelyreduced.
1.3Differentregionshavedifferentemployment
Hugeeconomicgapbetweeneastandwestisstillthemostimportantfactoraffectingcareerchoiceofstudents.Moststudentssaidtheircareerchoiceinfluencedbypublicopinion.Studentsinsixtieswereencouragetotheplacewhereareunderdeveloped,andin80'scollegestudentstendtochooseworkinginvariousministriesandagencies.Nowadays,inthepursuitofmaterialbenefits,studentspaymoreattentiontotherealizationofindividualvalueandfuturedevelopment.
FudanUniversityInstituteofHumanResourceManagementdidaresearchon12collegestudentsinShanghaitostudytheenvironmentalfactorswhichwillimpactthestudents’careerchoices.Thesurveyshowedthat85.46percentofthestudentschooseBeijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,andShenzhenasthe"idealemploymentareas";andthenumberofstudentswhoseoptionsarecoastalcitiesaccountedforabouthalfoftheinvestigation.Whilestudentswhoarewillingtoregardinlandprovincesandcitiesareaasidealplacesofemploymentaccountonlyfor20.44percent.Studentswhohopetoworkinthewesterndevelopmentregionandthetalentshortageandeconomicallybackwardregionsonlytakeup4.98%and3.48%.
·
2.1Objectivereasons
Employmentdifficultyofcollegestudentsisduetomanyreasons.Amongthese,theincreasingrecruitmentofcollegesanduniversitiesplaysavitalrole.Inaddition,manycollegesanduniversitiesfailtoadapttheircoursestothedevelopmentofeconomy.Collegestudentsarelackoftrainingsandinternshipopportunitiesbeforetheyenterthesociety.
·2.1.1Theworldeconomicslowdown
ThemajoreconomiccrisisthatoriginatedintheUSin2008alsoaffectsChina.Amidtheglobalfinancialcrisis,China'seconomyhasbeendecliningatasurprisingspeedsincelastsummerandtensofthousandsofforeign-investedcompaniesintheeasternprovinces,suchasGuangdongandZhejiang,collapsedwithmillionsofpeoplelosingtheirjobs.
EmploymentinChinahasplumme
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