英文版计展总结报告计算机科学与软件工程的区别.docx
- 文档编号:8659620
- 上传时间:2023-02-01
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:6
- 大小:21.77KB
英文版计展总结报告计算机科学与软件工程的区别.docx
《英文版计展总结报告计算机科学与软件工程的区别.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英文版计展总结报告计算机科学与软件工程的区别.docx(6页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
英文版计展总结报告计算机科学与软件工程的区别
计算机科学的发展展望课程报告:
软件工程与计算机科学技术的区别
TheDifferencesbetweentheComputerScienceandtheSoftwareEngineering
Thistermwehadaclasswhichiscalled“ThedevelopmentandtheForecastLookAheadtheComputerScience”,andwereallygotalotofknowledgeaboutthecomputer,programmingandthesoftware.MainknowledgeIgotisabouttheComputerScienceandtheSoftwareEngineering.WhatwewilldiscussisaboutthedifferencesbetweentheComputerScienceandtheSoftwareEngineering
ComputerScienceisaboutthescientificandpracticalapproachtothecomputationanditsapplications.Ascomputerisamachinewhichcanmakecalculations,algorithmoperationsandlogicaloperations,forasystemcombinedbymanycomputerstherearecorrespondingproblems,andthetargettobesolvedisjustlikesomeimportantinformation,sowecansaythattheComputerScienceisasciencewhichresearcheshowtosolveandhandletheseimportantinformationrelated.Itcontainsabouttwomainparts,thefirstoneistheTheoryComputerSciencepart.ThesecondoneistheExperimentComputerSciencepart.TheComputerSciencepeoplementionedinmanydifferentkindsofbookmaterialsgenerallyreferstothepartoftheTheoryComputerScience.ButtheExperimentComputerSciencealsoincludesresearchingintheareaofdevelopingthenewapplicationsaboutcomputers.Asforthecomputeritself,itisonlyamachinepeopleusetocalculate.FamousscientistofComputerScienceDijkstraoncesaid,“ComputerScience’sfocusonthecomputerisnomorethanthatofAstronomyonthetelescope.”Therearemanyrelatedsubjects,suchastheInformationScience,theSoftwareEngineering,thesystemoftheinformation,theComputerScience,thesafetyoftheinformation,thestudyofcode,math,engineering,languagesandsoon.
Computerscience(abbreviatedCS)isthescientificandpracticalapproachtocomputationanditsapplications.Itisthesystematicstudyofthefeasibility,structure,expression,andmechanizationofthemethodical processes(oralgorithms)thatunderlietheacquisition,representation,processing,storage,communicationof,and accesstoinformation,whethersuchinformationisencodedinbitsandbytesinacomputermemoryortranscribedenginesandproteinstructuresinahumancell.Acomputerscientistspecializesinthetheoryofcomputationandthedesignofcomputationalsystems.
Itssubfieldscanbedividedintoavarietyoftheoreticalandpracticaldisciplines.Somefields,suchascomputationalcomplexitytheory(whichexploresthefundamentalpropertiesofComputationalandintractableproblems),arehighlyabstract,whilefieldssuchascomputergraphicsemphasizereal-worldvisualapplications.Stillotherfieldsfocusonthechallengesinimplementingcomputation.Forexample,programminglanguagetheoryconsidersvariousapproachestothedescriptionofcomputation,whilstthestudyofcomputerprogrammingitselfinvestigatesvariousaspectsoftheuseofprogramminglanguageandcomplexsystems.Human-computerinteractionconsidersthechallengesinmakingcomputersandcomputationsuseful,usable,anduniversallyaccessibletohumans.
Asadiscipline,computersciencespansarangeoftopicsfromtheoreticalstudiesofalgorithmsandthelimitsofcomputationtothepracticalissuesofimplementingcomputingsystemsinhardwareandsoftware.CSAB,formerlycalledComputingSciencesAccreditationBoard–whichismadeupofrepresentativesoftheAssociationforComputingMachinery(ACM),andtheIEEEComputerSociety(IEEE-CS)–identifiesfourareasthatitconsiderscrucialtothedisciplineofcomputerscience:
theoryofcomputation,algorithmsanddatastructures,programmingmethodologyandlanguages,andcomputerelementsandarchitecture.Inadditiontothesefourareas,CSABalsoidentifiesfieldssuchassoftwareengineering,artificialintelligence,computernetworkingandcommunication,databasesystems,parallelcomputation,distributedcomputation,computer-humaninteraction,computergraphics,operatingsystems,andnumericalandsymboliccomputationasbeingimportantareasofcomputerscience.Thebroaderfieldoftheoreticalcomputerscienceencompassesboththeclassicaltheoryofcomputationandawiderangeofothertopicsthatfocusonthemoreabstract,logical,andmathematicalaspectsofcomputing.AppliedComputerScienceaimsatidentifyingcertainComputerScienceconceptsthatcanbeuseddirectlyinsolvingrealworldproblems.
Someuniversitiesteachcomputerscienceasatheoreticalstudyofcomputationandalgorithmicreasoning.Theseprogramsoftenfeaturethetheoryofcomputation,analysisofalgorithms,formalmethods,concurrencytheory,databases,computergraphics,andsystemsanalysis,amongothers.Theytypicallyalsoteachcomputerprogramming,buttreatitasavesselforthesupportofotherfieldsofcomputerscienceratherthanacentralfocusofhigh-levelstudy.TheACM/IEEE-CSJointCurriculumTaskForce"ComputingCurriculum2005"(and2008update)[46]givesaguidelineforuniversitycurriculum.
Othercollegesanduniversities,aswellassecondaryschoolsandvocationalprogramsthatteachcomputerscience,emphasizethepracticeofadvancedprogrammingratherthanthetheoryofalgorithmsandcomputationintheircomputersciencecurricula.Suchcurriculatendtofocusonthoseskillsthatareimportanttoworkersenteringthesoftwareindustry.Theprocessaspectsofcomputerprogrammingareoftenreferredtoassoftwareengineering.
WhilecomputerscienceprofessionsincreasinglydrivetheU.S.economy,computerscienceeducationisabsentinmostAmericanK-12curricula.Areportentitled"RunningonEmpty:
TheFailuretoTeachK-12ComputerScienceintheDigitalAge"wasreleasedinOctober2010byAssociationforComputingMachinery(ACM)andComputerScienceTeachersAssociation(CSTA),andrevealedthatonly14stateshaveadoptedsignificanteducationstandardsforhighschoolcomputerscience.Thereportalsofoundthatonlyninestatescounthighschoolcomputersciencecoursesasacoreacademicsubjectintheirgraduationrequirements.Intandemwith"RunningonEmpty",anewnon-partisanadvocacycoalition-ComputingintheCore(CINC)-wasfoundedtoinfluencefederalandstatepolicy,suchastheComputerScienceEducationAct,whichcallsforgrantstostatestodevelopplansforimprovingcomputerscienceeducationandsupportingcomputerscienceteachers.
WithintheUnitedStatesagendergapincomputerscienceeducationhasbeenobservedaswell.ResearchconductedbytheWGBHEducationalFoundationandtheAssociationforComputingMachinery(ACM)revealedthatmorethantwiceasmanyhighschoolboysconsideredcomputersciencetobea“verygood”or“good”collegemajorthanhighschoolgirls.Inaddition,thehighschoolAdvancedPlacement(AP)examforcomputersciencehasdisplayedadisparityingender.ComparedtootherAPsubjectsithasthelowestnumberoffemaleparticipants,withacompositionofabout15percentwomen.Thisgendergapincomputerscienceisfurtherwitnessedatthecollegelevel,where31percentofundergraduatecomputersciencedegreesareearnedbywomenandonly8percentofcomputersciencefacultyconsistsofwomen.AccordingtoanarticlepublishedbytheEpistemicGamesGroupinAugust2012,thenumberofwomengraduatesinthecomputersciencefieldhasdeclinedto13percent.Timehasseensignificantimprovementsintheusabilityandeffectivenessofcomputingtechnology.Modernsocietyhasseenasignificantshiftintheusersofcomputertechnology,fromusageonlybyexpertsandprofessionals,toanear-ubiquitoususerbase.Initially,computerswerequitecostly,andsomedegreeofhumanaidwasneededforefficientuse-inpartfromprofessionalcomputeroperators.Ascomputeradoptionbecamemorewidespreadandaffordable,lesshumanassistancewasneededforcommonusage.Despiteitsshorthistoryasaformalacademicdiscipline,computersciencehasmadeanumberoffundamentalcontributionstoscienceandsociety-infact,alongwithelectronics,itisafoundingscienceofthecurrentepochofhumanhistorycalledtheInformationAgeandadriveroftheInformationRevolution,seenasthethirdmajorleapinhumantechnologicalprogressaftertheIndustrialRevolutionandtheAgriculturalRevolution.
WhenitcomestotheSoftwareEngineering,itisthestudyandapplicationofengineeringtothedevelopmentofsoftware,whichusessystemic,standardizationnormalized,countableprocessproceduralmethodstomakeandmaintainfunctionalcomputersystemsoftware,applicationsoftware,mobilephonesoftwarethesemanyproducts.Itrelatestoprogramdesigninglanguages,databases,toolsusedtoexplorenewsoftware,systemplatform,standard,patternsofdesigningandsoon.
SoftwareEngineeringisthestudyandapplicationofengineeringtothedevelopmentofsoftware.Thefirstreferencetothetermisthe1968NATOSoftwareEngineeringConferenceandwasmeanttoprovokethoughtregardingtheperceived"softwarecrisis"atthetime.Softwaredevelopment,amuchusedandmoregenericterm,doesnotnecessarilysubsumetheengineeringparadigm.ThegenerallyacceptedconceptsofSoftwareEngineeringasanengineeringdisciplinehavebeenspecifiedintheGuidetotheSoftwareEngineeringBodyofKnowledge(SWEBOK).TheSWEBOKhasbecomeaninternationallyacceptedstandardISO/IECTR19759:
2005.
Majordifferencesbetweensoftwareengineeringandotherengineeringdisciplines,accordingtosomeresearchers,resultfromthecostsoffabrication.Asetofactivitiesthatleadstotheproductionofasoftwareproductisknownassoftwareprocess.Althoughmostofthesoftwarearecustombuild,thesoftwareengineeringmarketisbeing
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英文 版计展 总结报告 计算机科学 软件工程 区别