Explanatory notes to COMBICONBILL.docx
- 文档编号:8717727
- 上传时间:2023-02-01
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:8
- 大小:21.87KB
Explanatory notes to COMBICONBILL.docx
《Explanatory notes to COMBICONBILL.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《Explanatory notes to COMBICONBILL.docx(8页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
ExplanatorynotestoCOMBICONBILL
CombinedTransportBillofLading–Revised1995
WhentheCOMBICONBILLCombinedTransportBillofLadingwasdevelopedin1971itsaimwastointroduceatrulyintermodaldocumentdealingwithallmodesoftransportcoveringtheneedfora"doortodoor"service.
LiketheICCUniformRulesforaCombinedTransportDocumentitwastoalargeextentbasedontheInternationalConventionforCombinedTransportofGoods(TheDraftTCMConvention)preparedundertheauspicesoftheinternationalinstitutefortheUnificationofPrivateLaw(UNIDROIT)andtheComitéMaritimeInternational(CMI).
AtthetimetheCOMCONBILLwasintroducedtothemarketitwasstilluncertainwhentheDraftTCMConventionwouldgainenoughacceptancetoenterintoforce.Inthemeantime,however,theCOMBICONBILLwasmeanttoserveasabasisdocumenttobeusedby,oratleastserveasaguidetoshippingentitieswhichwereconsideringactingascombinedtransportoperators.
WhilsttheTCMConventionneverenteredintoforce,theCOMBICONBILLhasbeenamostsuccessfuldocumentwhichhasbeenusedasacombinedtransportdocumentinitsownrightbutwhichhasbeenparticularlysuccessfulinbeingusedasthebasisforanumberofshipowners'standardconditionsofcarriage.Forinstance,theNorthSeaStandardConditionsofCarriage,whichmostshipownersuseintheirtraffictoandfromtheNordiccountrieswithintheBalticandNorthSeaareasarebasedontheCOMBICONBILLCombinedTransportBillofLading.
ItwasrecognisedbyBIMCO'sDocumentaryCommittee,however,thattheCOMBICONBILLdatingbackto1971couldnolongerbesaidtobequiteuptodateinallareasofcombinedtransport.AtthesametimeconsideringMULTIDOC95beingsubjecttotheUNCTAD/ICCRulesforMultimodalTransportDocuments,itwasfeltimportanttobeabletoofferthecommercialpartieswithanalternativedocumentbasedstrictlyontheHague-VisbyRules.Accordingly,itwasdecidedthattheSub-committeewhichhadbeeninvolvedinthedraftingoftheMULTIDOC95shouldalsoconsiderapossiblerevisionoftheCOMBICONBILLCombinedTransportBillofLading.
Atthesametime,itwasagreedthatinthedraftingoftheCOMBICONBILL,changesshouldbemadetotheoriginaleditionofthedocumentonlywhereabsolutelynecessaryandtoalignitwiththeMULTIDOC95onlywhenasimilarapproachwasconsideredusefulandappropriate.
AsampleoftherevisededitionoftheCOMBICONBILL,whichcarriestheannotation"revised1995",isthefinalresultoftheworkoftheSub-committee.
InlinewiththeMULTIDOC95theCOMBICONBILLhasbeendevelopedinanegotiableaswellasanon-negotiableform.Thenon-negotiableform,codenamedCOMBICONWAYBILLis,inthesamemannerastheMULTIWAYBILL95,subjecttotheCMIUniformRulesforSeaWaybills.
TheCOMBICONWAYBILLappearsinalightbluecolourclearlycrossstamped"Non-negotiable"anditisadvisedthatwheneverthereisnospecificneedforanegotiabledocument,membersshouldmakeuseofthisform.
Inaddition,unlessmembersarespecificallyrequiredbytheircustomerstoissueadocumentsubjecttotheUNCTAD/ICCRules,inwhichcasetheMULTIDOC95mayserveasuitablealternative,itisadvisedthattheCOMBICONBILLbeused.
BasicCharacter
InaccordancewiththeoriginaleditionoftheCOMBICONBILL,the1995revisionappliestheso-called"networkapproach",i.e.thedocumentimplementstheunderlyingbasisofliabilitysetoutinthevariousconventionsornationallawswhichmaybecompulsorilyapplicabletoeachlegofthecombinedtransportwhenthestageoftransportwherethelossordamageoccurredisknown.
Asalreadymentioned,theCOMBICONBILLisbasedontheHague-VisbyRulesbeingagloballyacceptedliabilityregimeforthecarriageofgoodsbysea.Thereis,therefore,nospecificneedfortheCarriertomakepriorconsultationwiththerelevantP&IClubineachindividualcasetoobtainitspriorapprovalthatcoverwillbeprovidedwhencontractingontheCOMBICONBILL.
FaceoftheDocument
ExcepttoreflectthefacttherevisedCOMBICONBILLnowappearsinanegotiableandnon-negotiableversion,fewchangeshavebeenmadetothefaceofthedocument.
However,aswillbeseen,thesignatureboxhasbeenamendedinordertomeettherequirementsofArticle26oftheICCUniformCustomsandPracticeforDocumentaryCredits(UCP500)accordingtowhichthemultimodaltransportdocumentmust,onitsface,appeartoindicatethenameoftheCarrierandtohavebeensignedorotherwiseauthenticatedby:
-
-thecarrieroranamedagentforandonbehalfofthecarrier,or
-themasteroranamedagentforandonbehalfofthemaster.
Accordingly,thenameiftheCarriershouldbestatedonthedottedlineappearingimmediatelyafterthewords"Signedfor".
InlinewiththeMULTIWAYBILL95,theso-called"RightofControl"provisionhasbeenincludedonthefaceoftheCOMBICONBILLaccordingtowhichtheshippershallbeentitledtotransfertherightofcontrolofthecargototheconsignee.
DespitethefactthattherightofcontrolprovisionisalreadyprovidedforintheCMIUniformRulesforSeaWaybills,theSubcommitteewasoftheopinionthatspecificattentionshouldbegiventothisprovisionasitisarequirementfortheshippertoexercisetheoptiontotransferrightofcontrolofthecargothatitbenotedonthewaybill.Thiscould,forinstance,bedoneinthefollowingway;“I,theshipper(namedintheShipperBoxonthefaceofthiswaybill)herebytransfertherightofcontroltothecargocarriedunderthiswaybilltotheconsignee(namedintheConsigneeBoxonthefaceofthiswaybill).”
TheSub-committeedidnotfinditnecessarytostatespecificallyonthefaceoftheCOMBICONWAYBILLthat,wheretheshipperhasexercisedhisoptiontotransferrightofcontroltotheconsignee,thentheconsigneeshallbetheonlypartytogivethecarrierinstructionsinrelationtothecontractofcarriage.ThisclearlyfollowsfromtheunderlyingCMIUniformRulesforSeaWaybills.
StandardTermsandConditions
Clause1–Applicability
ThisClausemakesitclearthattheprovisionsoftheCOMBICONBILLshallapplywhetherthecombinedtransportinvolvesoneorseveralmodesoftransport.Inotherwords,thedocumentcanalsobeusedinport-to-porttraffic.
Clause2–Definitions
InlinewithotherBIMCOstandarddocumentstheCOMBICONBILLcontainsasetofdefinitions.ForthepurposeoftheCOMBICONBILLonlytwodefinitionshavebeenlisted,i.e.thatofthe“Carrier”andthe“Merchant”.Unlikethedefinitionofthe“Carrier”intheMULTIDOCwhichcanmeaneithertheperformingcarrierortheMTOhimselfthe“Carrier”,forthepurposeoftheCOMBICONBILL,meanstheoneonwhosebehalfthedocumenthasbeensignedandwhoassumesresponsibilityfortheentirecontractperiod.
Clause3–Carrier’sTariff
ThisClauseincorporatesthetermsoftheCarrier’sTarifftotheextenttheyarenotinconsistentwiththetermsandconditionsoftheCOMBICONBILL.
Clause4–TimeBar
Asmayberecalled,atimebarofelevenmonthswasprovidedforinthepreviouseditionoftheCOMBICONBILLinordertogivetheCarriersufficienttimetoinitiatepossiblerecourseactionsagainstsub-carriersinviewofthefactthattheHagueandHague-VisbyRules,theCIM(railway)andtheCMR(road)Conventionsoperatewithatimebarotwelvemonths.
InlinewiththeMULTIDOC95,theSubcommitteedecidedtocutthetimebartoonlyninemonthstoallowtheCarriersufficienttime,i.e.threemonths,duringwhichhemayhimselflodgeacounterclaimagainstanysub-carrierwithoutbeingoustedbythetimebar.
Clause5–LawandJurisdiction
TheSubcommitteefeltthattheprovisionsofthepreviouseditionoftheCOMBICONBILL,whichcontainedanumberofoptionsfortheclaimanttoinstigatecourtproceedingsagainsttheCarrier,couldgiverisetoanumberofimpracticaljurisdictionsbeinginvolvedinaparticularcase.ItisthereforenowclearlystatedthatdisputesarisingundertheCOMBICONBILLshallbedeterminedattheplacewheretheCarrierhashisprincipleplaceofbusiness.
Itshouldbeobserved,however,thatsomejurisdictionsbylawdonotrecogniselimitationstheclaimant’srighttoinstigatecourtproceedingsatotherplacesthanwheretheCarrierhashisprincipalplaceofbusiness.
Clause6–MethodsandRoutesofTransportation
Aswillbeseen,thepreviousClause6(Subcontracting)hasbeendeleted.TheprovisionsofthepreviousSub-clause6
(1)havenowbeencoveredinthe“Receivedforshipment”BoxwhichgivestheCarrierthelibertytosub-contractthecarriage.ItwasfoundthattheprovisionsofthepreviousSub-clause6
(2)dealingwiththeCarrier’sresponsibilityfortheactsandomissionsofthosepersonswhoseserviceshemakesuseoftoperformthecontractofcarriagemoreappropriatelybelongundertheCarrier’sliabilityprovisionsinClause9.
Sub-clause6
(1)intheneweditionoftheCOMBICONBILLmainlyconstituteswhatwouldapplyinaccordancewiththegeneralbackgroundlaw.However,asitwasfounddesirabletomaketheprovisionsoffthislibertyclauseaswideaspossibleandinlinewiththewordingofthe“receivedforshipment”Boxthewords“andallservicesrelatedthereto”havebeenaddedimmediatelyafter“transport”inline1.
Sub-clause6
(2)isaclarificationofeventsspecialtothecarriageofgoodsbysea.
Clause7–OptionalStowage
Insub-clause
(1),thewords“orsimilararticlesoftransportusedtoconsolidategoods”havebeenaddedtotheenumerationofcontainers,transportabletanks,flatsandpallets.Thishasbeendonetocopewithtechnicalinnovationswhichmightappearinthefutureasregardshowtoconsolidategoods.
Sub-clause
(1)providesthe
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- Explanatory notes to COMBICONBILL
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)