语法.docx
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语法.docx
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语法
小学现在进行时
1、现在进行时的构成:
由"be动词+v-ing"构成。
(V-ing表示在动词后面加上ing)
现在进行时常用以下几种情况:
1.当句子中有now时,常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。
如:
Theyareplayingbasketballnow.现在他们正在打篮球。
2.以look,listen开头的句子,提示我们动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。
如:
Listen!
SheissinginganEnglishsong.听,她正在唱英语歌。
现在进行时的变化
肯定句式:
主语+be(am,is,are)+V-ing+其它.
e.gIamdoingmyhomework.
Heiswashinghisclothes.
Youareflyingakite.
否定句式:
主语+be(am,is,are)+not+V-ing+其它.
e.gIamnotdoingmyhomework.
Heisnotwashinghisclothes.
Youarenotflyingakite.
一般疑问句:
Be(am,is,are)+主语+V-ing+其它?
e.gAreyoudoingyourhomework?
Ishewashinghisclothes?
AmIflyingakite?
特殊疑问句:
疑问词+be(am,is,are)+主语+V-ing+其它?
e.gWhatareyoudoinginthehouse?
Whereishegoing?
Whenisshedoingherhomework?
3、动词的ing形式的变化
1)一般情况在动词原形后直接加-ing
go---going,stand---standing,cook---cooking,do---doing
2)以e结尾的动词,要去掉e+ing.
take---taking,make---making,have---having
3)重读闭音节动词,要双写最后一个字母,再加ing(所谓“重读闭音节”:
从动词的末尾开始寻找,如果倒数第二个字母是元音字母,
并且元音字母两边的字母没有组合音,没有变音,都独自发音,这样的动词都必须,双写后,再加上ing
get-getting,put---putting,run—running,begin---beginningswim---swimming
e.geat---eating这个动词有ea组合音,所以不能双写
study---studying这个动词倒数第二个字母不是元音字母,不能双写
4)以-ie结尾的动词,把ie变成y,再加ing.
die--dying,lie—lying,tie---tying
一、写出下列动词的现在分词:
play________run__________swim_________make__________go_________like________write________ski___________read________have_________sing________dance_________put_________see________buy_________love_______live_______take_________come________get_________stop_______sit________begin________shop________
2.用所给的动词的正确形式填空:
1.Theboy__________________(draw)apicturenow.
2.Listen!
Somegirls_______________(sing)intheclassroom.
3.Mymother_________________(cook)somenicefoodnow.
4.What_____you______(do)now?
5.Look!
They_______________(have)anEnglishlesson.
6.They____________(not,water)theflowersnow.
7.Look!
Thegirls________________(dance)intheclassroom.
8.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?
She____________(listen)tomusic.
9.It’s5o’clocknow.We_____________(have)suppernow
10.______Tom____________(cook)lunch?
Yes,heis.
3.选择填空
1.Whatareyou_______now?
A.doingB.doC.does
2.Look!
Thetwins_____theirmotherdothehousework.
(A)arewanting(B)help(C)arehelping(D)arelooking
3.Iam________English.
A.learnB.learnsC.learning
4.she________dancingnow.
AisBareCam
5.Tomisreading_________.
A.bookB.abooksC.abook
6.Kateis_______.
A.runningB.runningC.run
B.7.Look!
therabbitis________.
A.jumpingB.jumpC.jumps
8.Ducksareswimming_______theriver.
A.onB.underC.in
9.We’relistening_______music.
A.toB.atC.of
10.What_______theydoingnow?
-4-A.isB.amC.are
四连词成句。
1..isThewaterelephantitsdrinkingwithtrunk._____________________________________________________
2.swimming?
istigernow_____________________________________________________3.readingareinTheystudythebooks._____________________________________________________
4.isbabypandaWhatdoing?
the_____________________________________________________五.翻译
1.听,有人在教室里唱歌。
_____________________________________________________2.那个男孩正在喝牛奶。
_____________________________________________________3.我弟弟现在没有在写作业,他正在看电视。
_____________________________________________________4.我在照看孩子._____________________________________________________5.你妈妈正在做饭吗?
____________________________________________________六.改错。
1.Isyoubrothercleanroom?
ABC()
2.Ishelooksforhisfather?
ABC()
3.Heisplaygamesnow.
ABC()
4.MrWuisteachsusEnglishnow.
ABC()
七.按照要求改写句子。
1.Look!
DanieliswatchingTVnow.(改为否定句)
Look!
DanielTVnow.
2.Look!
LiPingandLiYingareplayingbasketballnow.(改成疑问句,并作肯定否定回答)
Look!
LiPingandLiYing________basketballnow?
——Yes.they.——No,they.
3.It’seighto’clocknow.Theboysareswimming.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
It’seighto’clocknow.theboysare.
——Yes.they.——No,they.
4Wearewashingtheirclothesnow.(划线部分提问)
arewe?
5Listen!
Theyaresinginginthemusicroom.
Listen!
Aretheyinthemusic?
(一)第三人称都有哪些词呢?
大家都知道,在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词(实意动词)要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es或是变y为i加es。
但有些同学们对于哪些主语是第三人称单数还不十分清楚,现归纳总结如下:
一、人称代词he,she,it是第三人称单数。
如:
(注意句中动词的变化)
1.Helikescars.他喜欢车。
2.Shegoestoschoolatseven.她七点去上学。
3.Ithasagoodname.它有一个好名字。
二、单个人名、亲朋好友等称呼作主语是第三人称单数。
如:
(注意句中动词的变化)
1.Patneverthrowsrubbishonthefloor.Pat从不在地板上扔垃圾。
2.MissWangwaterstheflowersonceaday.王老师给花一天浇水一次。
3.AuntMaryusuallymakescakes.玛丽阿姨经常做蛋糕。
4.Mymotherwashesthedisheseveryday.我妈妈每天都洗碗。
(二)动词的第三人称单数?
动词第三人称单数形式的构成:
动词怎样变成第三人称单数呢?
改变后怎样读?
动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同。
1.大多数动词在词尾加“s”在清辅音后发音为[s],在浊辅音及元音后发音为[z]。
如:
①stop-stops[s];make-makes[s]
②read-reads[z];play-plays[z]
2.以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后在加“es”读[iz]如:
fly-flies[z];carry-carries[z]
study-studies[z];worry-worries
3.以“s,x,ch,sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为[iz]如:
teach-teaches[iz];watch-watches[iz]
4.以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读[z]如:
go-goes[z]do-does[z]
下面几个动词变为单数时,原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化,请注意记忆。
如:
1、do[du:
]-does[daz]
2、say[sei]-says[sez]
以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是[s],[z]时,加“s”后字母“e”发音,与所加“s”
一起读做[iz]。
如:
close-closes[iz]
除上述规律外,还应注意下面:
1.动词have,遇到主语是第三人称单数时,要用has;动词be的第三人称单数形式是is。
(三)含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子变否定句和疑问时怎样变?
【注意:
】只要句子中出现do,does,don’t,doesn’t,句子中原来的实意动词要用原形例如:
Helikesapples.(改成否定句)
Hedoesn’tlikesapples。
(错)
Hedoesn’tlikeapples。
(对)
A否定句:
(1)当主语是第一,二或复数时,主语+don't+动词原形(+其它)。
如:
Idon'tlikebread.
(2)当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。
如:
Hedoesn'toftenplay.
B一般疑问句:
(1)当主语是第一,二或复数时,Do+主语+动词原形+其它。
如:
Doyouoftenplayfootball?
-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.
(2)当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。
如:
-Doesshegotoworkbybike?
-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.
C特殊疑问句:
疑问词+一般疑问句。
如:
Howdoesyourfathergotowork?
(四)练习题
练习一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink____go_____stay____make____look___have____pass____carry____come____
watch_____plant_____fly____study____brush___do____teach____meet______
bring___
练习二、将括号里动词的适当形式填入横线上。
1.I________inthecorridors.(walk)
2.He_________inthecorridors.(run)
3.She___________herfaceonceaday.(wash)
4.They____________theirteethonceaday.(brush)
5.You___________upyourclothesonceaday.(hang)
6.We____________ourhomeworkonceaday.(finish)
7.He____________rubbishintheclassroom.(throw)
8.She_____________rubbishonthefloor.(throw)
9.I_____________rubbishinthebin.(throw)
10.They___________thetableonceaday.(set)
11.Peternever_________inthecorridors.(run)
12.Maryusually_________thetable.(set)
13.PatandKen_________theplantsinthemorning.(water)
14.Theboy__________hishaironceaday.(comb)
15.MissCheng_________TVathome.(watch)
16.Mysister__________hisschoolbagonceaday.(pack)
17.Mymother_________dinnerforme.(cook)
18.Myparents_________thehouseatChineseNewYear.(clean)
19.Myteachers_________ussomegifts.(give)
20.Myfriends_________thetablewithme.(set)
练习三、选择正确的单词填到括号里。
1.WhatdoesCandy__________(wants,want)tobe?
2.Heshouldn’t___________(throw,throws)rubbishonthefloor.
3.Peter___________(help,helps)hismotherathome.
4.Shenever_________(run,runs)inthecorridors.
5.Weshould__________(walks,walk)inthecorridors.
6.He_________(don’t,doesn’t)getupearly.
7.Howoften__________(do,does)yourfathergotobed?
8.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.
9.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.
10.______they________(like)theWorldCup?
11.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?
12._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?
13.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.
14.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.
15.There_______(be)somewaterinthebottle.
16.Mike_______(like)cooking.
17.They_______(have)thesamehobby.
18.Myaunt_______(look)afterherbabycarefully.
19.Youalways_______(do)yourhomeworkwell.
20.I_______(be)ill.I’mstayinginbed.
21.She_______(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.
22.LiuTao_______(do)notlikePE.
23.Thechildoften_______(watch)TVintheevening.
24.SuHaiandSuYang_______(have)eightlessonsthisterm.
25.He________TVeveryevening.(watch)
26.John________likehisfather.(look)
27.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.
练习四、将下列句子改成第三人称He的句型(看例句)
例句:
Ibrushmyteethonceaday.----改:
Hebrusheshisteethonceaday.
1.Icombmyhairtwiceaday.
______________________________________
2.Theygotoschoolatsixinthemorning.
______________________________________
3.Youwashyourfaceandputonyourclothes.
_____________________________________
4.Whendoyougetup?
_____________________________________
5.Howoftendoyouhangupyourclothes?
____________________________________
练习五、句型转换
1.Igotoschoolbybus.
(用He做主语)___________________________________
2.Kimplaysbaseballverywell.
(变一般疑问句)____________________________
3.Sheplayssportseveryday.
(变否定句)__________________________________
4.Daviddoesn’tlikeFrench.
(变肯定句)________________________________
5.Theylikewatches.(变否定句)__________________________________
6.Alandoesn’twatchTVintheevening.(变肯定句)_________________________
7.Wehavetimetodoit.(变否定句)__________________________________
8.Johnhasacar.(改成疑问句)__________________________________
9.Doyouhaveapencil?
(把主语改成she)______________________
10.SoniaHalllikeshamburgers.(变成否定)_________________________
一般将来时
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