语言学导论课后答案.docx
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语言学导论课后答案.docx
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语言学导论课后答案
语言学导论课后答案
【篇一:
语言学导论复习题】
txt>i.blank-filling
1.thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeinhistoryisasynchronice_____linguisticstudy;thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisadiachronic______linguisticstudy.modernlinguiststendtopreferasynchronic______approachtoadiachronic______one.
2.speech______andwriting______arethetwomajormediaoflinguisticcommunication.modernlinguisticsregardsthespeech______languageastheprimarymediumofhumanlanguage.
3.ifalinguisticstudyaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobedescriptive_______;ifthelinguisticstudyaimstolaydownrulesfor“correctandstandard”behaviorinusinglanguage,itissaidtobeprescriptive______.
4.langue______referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,andparole______referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.
5.languageisasystemofarbitrary_______vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication______.
6.competence______canbedefinedastheidealuser?
sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage,andperformance______canbedefinedastheactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.
7.languageisarbitrary______inthesensethatthereisnointrinsic本质的connectionbetweenalinguisticsymbolandwhatthesymbolstandsfor.
8.thefactthatchildrenacquirespokenlanguagebeforetheycanreadorwritealsoindicatesthatlanguageisprimarilyvocal______.
9.languageisproductive______orcreativeinthatitsuserscanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentences,includingsentencestheyhaveneverheardbefore.
10.languagecanbeusedtorefertothingswhicharepresentorabsent,realorimaginedmattersinthepast,present,orfuture,orinfar-awayplaces.thisiswhatdisplacement______means.
11.thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalledgeneral______linguistics.
12.linguisticscanbedefinedasthesystematic______studyoflanguage______.
13.dualityofstructuresisalsoreferredtoasdouble______articulation结构双重性______.
ii.multiplechoice
1.thedistinctionbetweenlangueandparolewasmadebytheswisslinguist___intheearly20thcentury.
a.noam.chomskyb.f.desaussurec.charleshockettd.j.r.firth
2.thedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasmadebytheamericanlinguist___inthelate1950?
s.
a.noam.chomskyb.f.desaussurec.charleshockettd.j.r.firth
3.amodernlinguistwouldnotprefertobea(n)___.
a.observerb.analyzerc.judged.recorder
ii.trueorfalsejudgement
()1.langueisconcretewhileparoleisabstract.langueisrelativelystablewhile
parolevariesfrompersontoperson,andfromsituationtosituation.
()2.similartosaussure,chomskythinksthatwhatlinguistsshouldstudyisthe
idealspeaker?
sperformance,nothiscompetence.
()3.modernlinguisticsisprescriptivewhiletraditionalgrammarisdescriptive.
()4.modernlinguisticsregardsthespokenlanguageasprimary,notthewritten.
()5.traditionalgrammarforcedlanguagesintoalatin-basedframework.
()6.inmodernlinguistics,adiachronicapproachseemstoenjoypriorityovera
synchronicone.
()7.“languageisasystem”meansthatelementsoflanguagearecombined
accordingtorules.
()8.languageisculturallyaswellasgeneticallytransmitted.
()9.linguisticsstudiesnotanyparticularlanguage,butlanguagesingeneral.
()10.inabroadsenseappliedlinguisticsreferstotheapplicationoflinguistic
theoriesandprinciplestolanguageteaching,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.
()11.amodernlinguistisinterestedinwhatissaid,notinwhathethinksoughtto
besaid.
keys:
i.blank-filling
1.synchronic,diachronic,synchronic,diachronic
2.speech,writing,speech
3.descriptive,prescriptive
4.langue,parole
5.arbitrary,communication
6.competence,performance
7.arbitrary
8.vocal
9.productive
10.displacement
11.general
12.systematic/scientific,language
13.doublearticulation
ii.multiplechoice
1.b2.a3.c
iii.trueorfalsejudgement
1.f2.f3.f4.t5.t6.f7.t8.f9.t10.f
11.t
2phonology
i.blank-filling
1.phonetics______isdefinedasthestudyofthephonicmediumoflanguage.
2.thethreeimportantbranchesofphoneticsare:
(1)发音学articulatory_______phonetics,whichstudieshowaspeakeruseshisspeechorganstoarticulatethesounds;
(2)听觉acoustic______phonetics,whichstudiesthephysicalpropertiesofspeechsoundsand(3)声学acoustic_______phonetics,whichstudieshowthesoundsareperceivedbythehearer.
4.vibrationofthevocal_______cords______resultsinaqualityofspeechsoundscalled“voicing______”,whichisafeatureofallvowelsandsomeconsonantsinenglish.
5.therearetwowaystotranscribespeechsounds.thetranscriptionwithletter-symbolsonlyandthetranscriptionwithletter-symbolstogetherwiththediacritics.theformeriscalledbroad_____transcriptionwhilethelatteriscallednarrow______transcription.
6.thesound[p]ispronounceddifferentlyinthetwowordspitandspit.inthewordpit,thesound[p]ispronouncedwithastrongpuffofair,butinspitthepuffofairiswithheldtosomeextent.inthecaseofpit,the[p]soundissaidtobeaspirated______andinthecaseofspit,the[p]soundisunaspirated______.
7.speechsoundsinenglishcanbedividedintotwobroadcategories:
vowels______andconsonants______.
8.whenthevocalcordsaredrawnwideapart,lettingairgothroughwithoutcausingvibration,thesoundsproducedinsuchaconditionarevoiceless______.
9.intermsofmannerofarticulationtheenglishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintothefollowingtypes:
stops_______,fricatives_______,affricates______,liquids______,nasals_______,glides______.intermsofplaceofarticulation,theenglishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintothefollowingtypes:
bilabial______,labiodental______,dental______,alveolar______,palatal______,velar______,glottal______consonants.
10.englishvowelsmaybedistinguishedasfront______,central______,andback______accordingtowhichpartofthetongueisheldhighest.
11.accordingtotheopennessofthemouth,wecanclassifythevowelsinto:
close______vowels,semiclose______vowels,semiopen______vowelsandopen______vowels.
12.vowelscanbeclassifiedaccordingtotheshapeofthelips.inenglish,allthefrontvowelsareuounded______vowelsandmostbackvowelsarerounded______.
13.theenglishvowelscanbeclassifiedaccordingtothelengthofthesound.thelongvowelsarealltense______vowelsandthelax______vowelsarelaxvowels.
14.aphonemeisnotanyparticularsound,butratheritisrepresentedorrealizedbyacertainphone______inacertainphoneticcontext.
15.thedifferentphoneswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentsarecalledtheallophones______ofthatphoneme.
16.phoneticallysimilarsoundsmightberelatedintwoways.iftheyaretwodistinctivephonemestheyaresaidtoformaphonemic______contrast______.iftheyareallophonesofthesamephoneme,thentheyaresaidtobeincomplementary_______distribution______.
17.whentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesound
segmentwhichoccursinthesameplaceinthestrings,thetwosoundcombinationsaresaidtoformaminimal______pair______.
19.rulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguagearecalledsequential______rules.
21.thepartsofspeechthatarenormallystressedinanenglishsentencearenouns_____,main______verbs,adjectives______,adverbs______,numerals______anddemonstrative______pronouns;theothercategoriesofwordslikearticles______,person______pronouns,auxiliary______verbs,preposition______,andconjunctions______areusuallynotstressed.
25.inenglishwecanproduceasoundbymovingfromonevowelpositiontoanotherthroughinterveningpositions,thesoundthusproducediscalledadiphthong______.
26.speech______soundsaresoundsthatconveymeaninginhumancommunication.
27.ipaistheshortformforinternational______phonetic______alphabet______ori______p______association______.
28.inenglishglidesaresometimescalledsemivowels______.theenglishglidesare_w_____and___j___.
29.aphonemeconsistsofasetofdistinctive与众不同的______features.itisjustbecauseofthesefeaturesthataphonemeiscapableofdistinguishingmeaning.ii.multiplechoice
1.whichofthefollowingisnotasuprasegmentalfeature?
a.phonemeb.stressc.toned.intonation
2.theenglishwordthatcontainsavoicelessbilabialunaspiratedstopis____.
a.peakb.speakc.tipc.topic
3.chineseisa(n)___language.
a.intonationb.tonec.pitchd.stress
4.therulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguagearecalled_________.
a.sequentialrulesb.combiningrulesc.assimilationrulesd.deletionrules
5.whichofthefollowingisaminimalpair?
a.fear,pearb.put,hutc.bit,beatd.beat,beast
iii.trueorfalsejudgement
()2.linguistsareinterestedinallsoundsproducedbyhumans.
()3.the“same”soundsweclaimtohaveheardareinmostcasesonlyphoneticallysimilar,butrarelyphoneticallyidentical.
()4.narrowtranscriptionisnormallyusedindictionariesandteachingtextbooksforgeneralpurposes.
()6.aphonemeisaphonologicalunit,itisaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.
()7.thelocationofstressinenglishdoesnotdistinguishmeaning.
()10.conventionallyphonemesareplacedwithinsquarebrackets,and
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