南京导游词英文版.docx
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南京导游词英文版.docx
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南京导游词英文版
导游考试英文导游词
Goodmorning!
MynameisZhangYuan. CanIbegin?
Attentionplease. Ladiesandgentleman, welcometobeautifulcity,Nanjing.IamtheguideZhang.Today,wearegoingtovisit*****.Onthewayto****,letmeintroduceourbeautifulcity,Nanjing.
NanjingisthecapitalcityofJiangsuProvinceandtheprovincialpolitical,economicandculturalcenter;sheislocatedinthelowerreachesofYangtzeRiver,southwestoftheprovince.Thepopulationofitsurbanareaisabout3million.
Nanjingisoneofthehistoricalandculturalcitiesrectifiedbythestate. ShebearsthereputationofthecapitalofWu,EasterJin,Song,Qi,Liang,Chen,SouthernTang,Ming,TaipingKingdomandRepublicofChinasubsequently. Nanjingisaplaceofcelebritiesandhumanities,withasplendidculturalheritage.TheattractionofNanjingconsistsinthecombinationofrichnaturalandculturalheritages.Withmanyarelicsofthe RepublicofChinaerainparticular,NanjingisrecognizedasthemuseumofmodernChinesehistory.
DR.SUNYATSEN’SMAUSOLEUM
AmongallthehistoricalandculturalattractionsinNanjing,themostfavoredhighlightisDr.SunYaten’sMausoleum. Dr.SunYatsen’sMausoleumsitsonthesouthernslopeofthepurpleMountainintheeasternsuburbofthecity.TheconstructionbeganonMarch12,1926andwascompletedin1929whentheremainsofDr.SunYatsenwastransportedfromBeijingandburiedatthepresentsiteonJune,1.
Dr.SunYatsen,alsonamedSunWenorSunZhongshan,isconsideredastheforerunneroftheChinesedemocraticrevolution. Dr.SunYatsenisagreatmanbecausehedevoted40yeasofhislifetopursuinghisdreamtooverthrowthefeudalmonarchyandbuildaprogressive,unitedanddemocraticRepublicofChina.
WhywasDr.SunYatsenburiedinNanjinginsteadofinhishometownorBeijingwherehedied?
ThemausoleumsitewasfirstrecommendedtoDr.SunYatsenbytheabbotofLingguTempleforitsgoodgeomanticomen. OnedayinApril,1912,hewenthuntingatthesiteofpresentmausoleumwithhisfriends. Dr.SunYatsenwasreallysoamazedbythebeautifulenvironmentthathesaidtothem:
“IwishIcouldbebestowedapieceoflandbypeopleandbeburiedhereaftermydeath”. Heonceagainexpressedthisdesireinhissickbedin1925. ThearchitectnamedLuYanzhi. Dr.SunYatsen’sMausoleumisdesignedintheshapeofalibertybell,intendingtoremindpeoplenevertogetself-contented. Theparkofmausoleumcoversanareaof800000squaremeters. Thewholearchitecture,fromthegatewaytothemainentrance,tabletpavilion,memorialhallandthetombvault,liesonthenorth-southaxiswith392stepsand10platformsinbetween. Thebuildingsareallconstructedwithnaturalgraniteandmarblesandcoveredbyblueglazed-titleroofs.
Oppositetothebronzeincense-burneroffthesquare,standsthe12-meterhighgatewayofthreearcheswithDr.SunYatsen’shandwriting“Fraternity”carvedonitsfronttop. The480meterslongTombAvenue,linedwithpine,gingkoandmapletrees,leadstothemainentrancetowerroofedbyblue-glazedtile. Underthefronteaveofthetower,Dr.SunYatsen’smotto“Theworldbelongstopeople”canbeseen. Walkingthroughit,thefirstbuilding onewillseeisthetabletpavilionwhichhousesahugetombstonewhichisengravedwith“PremierDr.SunisburiedherebytheChineseKoumingtangonJune1,1929”. Fromthere,apanoramicviewofthememorialhallcanbeobtained.However,therearestill392stepsin4flightstogobeforetouristsreachthememorialhallonthetop,andaplatformwithstonebenchesateveryflightsoasnottoexhausttheclimbers. Thememorialhallstands73.33metersabovetheground. Thelintelofthememorialhallisinscribedwith“nationalism,democraticrightsandpeople’slivelihood”andaverticalplaqueiscarvedwith4characters“Haoqichangcun”meaningimperishablenoblespirit. AllthesewordsarewritteninDr.Sun’sownhand. InthecenterofthememorialhallsitstheItalianwhitemarble statueof Dr.SunYatsenmountedonapedestalcarvedinbas-reliefbyaPolishsculptorabouthisrevolutionaryactivities.ThesurroundingwallsareinscribedwiththenationalconstitutionwrittenbyDr.SunYatsen. Beyondthememorialhallisthetombvault. Standingbythesideofthepool,asvisitorslookdown,theybowtoseeDr.SunYatsen’srecliningmarblestatuewithhisbodyburied5metersunderneath. Ifonelooksup,hewillfindtheemblemofthenationalistPartyontheceiling.
Whenonewrapsupthehomagetourandstepsdown,hewillnotonlyenjoyabird’seyeviewofbeautifulNanjing,butalsofeeltotallyrelivedbecausehedoesnotseeanymoreofthose392steps,buttheplatforms. Notuntilthen,hewillunderstandhowgreatDr.SunYatsenis.
ThewholemausoleumisanarchitecturalcomplexinatypicalandtraditionalChinesestyle,andthelayoutisharmoniousandrational. Allthebuildingsareroofedwithblue-glazedtiles. Withpinetreesandcypressesgrowingaround,themausoleumlooksmagnificentanddignified. Dr.Sun’smausoleumattractsthousandsofvisitors’everyday.
XiaoLingTombofTheMingDynasty
XiaolingTomb,orthetomboffilialpiety,built600yearsago,isthemausoleumofZhuYuanzhang,thefoundingemperoroftheMingDynasty.LyingatthesouthernfootofthePurpleMountain,thetomb complexisoneofthelargestancientmausoleumsoftheemperorsinchina.
ZhuYuanzhangbegantohavehistombbuiltin1381whenhiswifeEmpressMadied.Theempresswasburiedinthetombin1383.ButEmperorZhuYuanzhangdiedin1398andwasburiedhereinthesameyear.Buttheconstructionofthemausoleumlasted38yearsormoretill1431when‘theSteleifSacredNerutsandVirtuesofGreatMing’FilialTomb’waserected.
Themausoleumconsistsoftwomajorsections.ThefirstsectionisfromtheGatewayofDismountingHorsetotheLingxingGateattheendofSacredWay(tombavenue),ofwhichtheapproachis1800meterslong.Thesecondpartisthetombitself.Historicalrecordsindicatethemausoleumhadagrandredwall,22.5kilometerslong,enclosingthewholetombarea.Thetombcompelwasverylargewithmanysplendidbuildings.100000pineswereplantedand1000deerroseintheparkofmausoleum.Unfortunately,thislargegroupofbuildingswasruinedbythewarsinthelateMingandearlyQingdynastiesandthewarinwhichbytheQingDynastyarmy.Allthewoodenstructuresweredestroyed.Howeverwecanstillseetheexquisitestonecarvingsfromthestonebasesandimaginehowmagnificentitlookedlike600yearsago.
Thetombgateknownasgrandgoldengatewasatraditionalarchitectureandconnectedwiththeredwall.ThegatewayofDismountingHorselocatesabout750meterssouthfromhere.ThisshowstheabsolutedignityofEmperorZhuYuanzhangatthattime.Totheeastofthegateway,therearetwotablets:
theholy MountainTabletandtheTabletofMountainForbiddenRegulationsdecreeingtheentranceoftheordinarypeopleintotheholyareawastobeseverelypunished.Theroyalcourtdispatchedtroopsheretoatandasguardsatthemausoleumintheyears.ThatiswhythesitehasbeencalledXiaolingweimeaningtheTownofFilialguard.
Northwardsfromthegreatgoldengate,ahugerooflessstonetabletpavilioncanbeseen,itistheSquareCastle,aslocalpeoplecallit.Itstopisgonebutthesurroundingwallsandfourarchwaysstillremain.Inthemiddleofthebuilding,therestandsand8.78metershighstelecalled:
TheSteleofSacredMeritsandVirtuesofGreatMing’sFilialTomb.Itwasbuiltin1413bythethirdemperor,Zhuyuanzhang‘sfourthson.Thesteleisinscribedaltogetherwith2746ChinesecharactersinpraiseofthemeritsandvirtuesofEmperorZhuyuanzhang.
Thesacredwayislinedonbothsideswith12pairsofgiantstoneanimalsin6kinds.Foreachkindoftheanimals,thereareonepairstandingandtheotherkneeling.Thestandingpairisworkingandthekneelingrestingandtheyareondutyalternately.Therealpurposeofbuildingtheseanimalsistodemonstratetheroyalmagnificenceandtheemperor’sdignity,todriveawayevilspiritsandguardthetomb.Thefirst2pairsofanimalsarelions,kingofthebeastssymbolizingpower.Thesecond2pairsofanimalsarecalledBixie,aunicorn-shapedmythicalanimal,saidtoecleverandcapableofdistinguishingbetweengoodandevil.Thefollowingpairsofanimalsincludecamels,elephants,KylinsorChineseunicornsandhorses.Thecamelisknownasboatinthedesertandsymbolofprosperity.Eachelephant,whichisthelargestandheaviestsculpture,weighs80tonsandsymbolizespeace.Thekylinrepresentsgoodluckaswellashorseloyalty.
Inancienttimes,itwasratherdifficulttomovetheseheavystoneanimals.Thefactisthatworkerssplashedwateronthegroundincoldwinter,andpushedthestoneanimalstothepresentlocationsonthesurfaceoffrozenice.
Two6.25meter-highstonepillarsserveasaltersforthesacrificialofferings.Boththehexagonalpillarsarecarvedwiththepatternsofcloudsanddragonsarousingvisitors’reverenceandworshiptotheemperor.ThesacredavenuemakesarightturnherejustbecausethePlumBlossomHillstandsintheway.ThehillisthetombforSunQuan,ThefirstemperorofEasternWukingdom.Itissaidthatwhenthetombwasconstructed,someministerssuggestedthatSunQuan’stombshouldbemovedaway.ButEmperorZhuYuanzhangcommentedthatSunQuanwasagoodfellowandshouldstaytheretobetheconciergeofhistomb.ThePlumBlossomhillnowispopularexcursionsiteforthelocalpeopleinspringwhentheplumtreesareinfullblossom.
Beyondthememorialpillarsth
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