专业英语与科技翻译.docx
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专业英语与科技翻译.docx
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专业英语与科技翻译
专业英语与科技翻译
LessonOneBasicConceptsinMechanics
Terms:
1.mechanics/statics/dynamics
2.force/matter/mass/inertia/weight/particle
3.rigidbody/deformablebody/elasticbody
4.member/gear/shaft/pulley/belt/cam/follower/
journalbearing
5.matingsurface/oilfilm/metal-to-metalcontact/
overheating/failure
6.elastic/plastic
7.stress/strain/deformation
8.interactingforce/magnitude/sense/scalar/
vector/displacement/velocity/acceleration/
moment/momentum
1.bemadeupof
2.transmit…into
3.(be)proportionalto
LanguagePoints:
1.Inanyengineeringstructuretheindividualcomponentsormemberswillbesubjectedtoexternalforcesarisingfromtheserviceconditionsorenviromentinwhichthecomponentworks.
theindividualcomponentsormemberswillbesubjectedtoexternalforces.
工程结构中,单个零部件将受到由其使用状况或工作环境造成的外力作用。
Lesson2SimpleStressandStrain
2.Theytogetherplacealoadonthememberwhichtendstodeformthatmemberandwhichmustbereactedtobyinternalforcessetupwithinthematerial.
1)place:
放,放置.此处搭配宾语aload,译为“施加”
2)reactto:
起反应,因受影响而改变行动
e.g.Childrenreacttokindtreatmentbybecomingmoreselfconfident.
对孩子们和善可以使他们更自信。
Kindtreatmentisreactedtobybecomingmoreself-confident.
外力施加的载荷使构件产生变形,材料内部也会产生内力。
3.astaticload、animpactload等短语中的a一般不翻译。
4.not…until:
直到……才
5.Ithasbeennotedabovethatexternalforceappliedtoabodyinequilibriumisreactedtobyinternalforcessetupwithinthematerial.
上面已经提到,如果有外力施加到处于平衡的物体上,材料内部将产生内力。
1.staticload
2.sustainedload
3.impactload
4.repeatedload
5.fatigueload/alternatingload
6.vibration/dampingforce
7.axialload
8.stress/tensilestress/compressivestress
Terms:
9.tension/compression
10.strain/microstrain
11.cross-section
12.engineeringmaterials
13.ferrousalloy/non-ferrousalloy
14.elasticlimit
15.modulusofelasticity
Lesson3ForcesandMoments
Terms:
1.forcesofactionandreaction/constraintforce/appliedforce/externalforce/resultantforce
2.electric/magnetic/gravationalforce
3.couple/momentofacouple/armofacouple
4.rigidbody
5.right-handrule
6.instaticequilibrium
7.axle/axis/axial
8.freebody
9.diagram/sketch/drawing
10.part
11.physicalmodel
12.kinematicpair
13.normal
LanguagePoints:
1.acton/upon
2.Itisdesirabletodo
3.befreedfrom
Lesson4OverviewofEngineeringMechanics
1.Themajorfunctionfrequentlyisto…
(产品的)主要功能是…
2.…theremustbeanappropriatemeldingofmaterials,dimensions,andfasteningstoproducestructuresthatwillperformtheirfunctionsreliablyforareasonablecostoverareasonablelifetime.
我们必须选用恰当的材料,适当的尺寸及合适的连接方法去生产制造,这样加工出的构件才能有一定的使用寿命,
成本合理,且能够可靠地完成其功能。
3.Itshouldbeclearthat…
应该清楚……
4.beapplicableto:
适用于……
5.Wewillappreciatethevarioustypesofapproxi-mationsthatareinherentinanyrealproblem.
appreciate:
use
在处理现实问题时,我们将会采用各种各样的近似法。
6.considersth.tobe…
认为…是
7.Itisusuallypreferableto…
比较好的做法是…
Terms:
1.functionalrequirement
2.durability/safety/lifetime/cost
3.fastening/fastener
4.fail/failure
5.operatingcondition
6.ideally/idealize/idealization
7.strengthofmaterials
8.static/dynamicforce
9.approximate/approximation
LanguagePoints:
1.Itisclearthat
2.Itispreferabletodo
3.applicable/tractable
Lesson5ShaftsandCouplings
Terms:
1.solid/hollow
2.torque/torsion/torsionalstrength
3.bending/bendingload/bendingdeflection
4.angleoftwist
5.bearing/clutch
6.overload/overstress
7.allowablestress
8.factorofsafety
9.cold-rolledsteel
10.forge
11.key/keyway/stressconcentration
12.operatingspeed/criticalspeed
13.rigid/flexiblecoupling
14.bolt
15.wornpart
LanguagePoints:
1.ruleofthumb
2.beattachedto
Lesson6ShaftDesign
1.carry:
2.becausethetotalpowerdeliveredtotheshaftistakenoffpiecemealatvariouspoints.
delivered:
takenoff:
points:
因为输入到轴上的动力是由几个传动件输出的。
安装
分发,输入
取走,卸掉;输出
sections
3.Fromthispreliminaryexamination,whichisaprobleminmechanics,
examination:
analysis
从初步的力学分析中…
4.checkthestress
5.Theyhavetheadvantagesofbeingstrongerandstiffer,
strongerandstiffer:
校核应力
更强壮,更刚硬
强度、刚度更高
6.Becausetheouterfibersaremoreeffectiveinresistingtheappliedmoments,andtheyrespondbettertoheattreatmentbecausequenchingcanproceedoutwardaswellasinward.
theouterfibers:
theappliedmoments:
respondto:
因为抵抗外加力矩主要靠外表面材料,并且空心轴热处理效果好,淬火能够淬透。
7.beveled:
倒角,倒棱
外表面材料
外加力矩
响应,有反应
8.deflection:
偏转,偏差;挠度;转向;变形;偏转角
torsionaldeflection:
扭转变形?
扭转角?
9.Criteriaforthelimitingtorsionaldeflectionvaryfrom0.25°permeteroflengthformachineryshaftsto1°permeteror1°inalengthof20diametersfortransmissionshafting.
对于机床主轴来说,许用扭转角为每米0.25°,对于传动轴来说,许用扭转角为每米1°或每20倍直径长度1°。
10.Itisimpossibletodo…
不可能……
11.Theshaftonwhichthebodyrotatesdeflectsunderload…
Theshaftdeflectsunderload…
物体在轴上旋转,轴在载荷作用下会产生变形,
12.term:
call
13.texttest
14.strengthofmaterials
15.Ifonelineshaftsupportedbythreeormorebearingsisneeded,itprobablywouldbecheapertomakeconservativeassumptionsastomomentsanddesignitasthoughitweredeteminate.
lineshaft:
主传动轴,动力轴
如果需要用到由三个及以上轴承支撑的主传动轴,那么我们对于力矩做出保守的假设,并且把它当成是确定的问题(而不是静不定的)进行设计要便宜一些。
asthough:
asif
16.oversize:
尺寸过大的
Terms:
1.shearforce/bendingmomentdiagram
2.safestress
3.heattreatment/quench
4.deflection/torsionaldeflection
5.machineryshaft/transmissionshaft/lineshaft/crankshaft
6.vibration/torsionalvibration
7.journalbearing/self-aligningbearing
8.thick-filmlubrication
9.centerofmass
10.centrifugalforce
11.deflectingforce
12.amplitude
LanguagePoints:
1.anoldruleofthumb
2.varyfrom…to…
Terms:
1.assembly/disassembly/subassembly
2.rivet/weld
3.elasticdeflection
4.clutch
5.brake
6.cam/follower
7.impact/shocckload
8.suspensionsystemspring/bumperspring
Lesson7FastenersandSprings
9.steel/siliconbronze/brass/berylliumcopper
10.helicalcoilspring/torsionbar/leafspring
11.wire
12.cold-wound/hard-drawn/oil-tempered/hot-rolled
13.corrosionresistance
LanguagePoints:
1.acceptability/adjustability
2.beproportionalto
Lesson8BeltDrivesandChainDrives
1.develop:
发展,引申为产生
2.operate:
run
3.asmallerdrivingpulley:
(直径)小的驱动带轮
4.Awidelyusedtypeofbelt,particularlyinindustrialdrivesandvehicularapplications,istheV-beltdrive.
在工业传动及车辆上广泛应用V带.
5.becoupledto=beattachedto
6.Sincegearreducersareavailableonlyatdiscrete
reductionratios,theoutputmustoftenbereducedmorebeforemeetingtherequirementsofthemachine.
discretereductionratios:
不连续的减速比
由于齿轮减速器只能提供不连续的减速比,所以其输出的转速必须再降低才能满足机器的需求。
7.beengagedin:
与……啮合
Terms:
1.electricmotor
2.torque
3.flat/round/V/synchronousbelt/pulley
4.tensileforce
5.slip
6.castiron/steel/stainlesssteel/bronze
7.evenlyspacedteeth
8.constantangularvelocityratio
9.chain/sprocket/rollerchain/pin
10.beltdrive/chaindrive/positivedrive
翻译的基本方法之3-增词与减词
SkillsofTranslation—AddingandReducingWords
Lesson9TheStrengthofMechanicalElements
Terms:
1.safety/reliability
2.mechanicalpart
3.factorofsafety
4.bending/torsion
5.largequantity
6.tensiontest/yieldstrength/ultimatestrength
/percentageelongation
7.staticanddynamicload
8.stressstate
9.ductility/brittleness/ductile/brittle
10.cold-worked/cold-wound/cold-drawn/cold-rolled
11.hardness
12.function
LanguagePoints:
1.relatesth.with/to/berelatedto
2.regardlessof
3.inservice
Languagepoints:
1.carry:
安装,承受
2.radialbearingsforcarryingloadsthatareprimarilyradial,thrustbearingsforsupportingloadsthatareprimarilythrust,andangularcontactbearingsortaperrollerbearingsforcarryingcombinedradialandaxialloads.
承受径向载荷的径向轴承,承受轴向载荷的轴向轴承以及能承受两种载荷的角接触轴承或圆锥滚子轴承。
3.onthebasisof:
在……基础上,根据
Lesson11RollingBearing
4.introduction:
进入
5.quantityproduction:
批量生产
6.Designcanbebasedonacceptedvaluesoflifeanditisgeneralpracticeinthebearingindustrytodefinetheloadcapacityofthebearingasthatvaluebelowwhich90percentofabatchwillexceedalifeofonemillionrevolutions.
valuesoflife:
寿命值
definesth.as:
把……定义为
loadcapacity:
承载能力
可以根据寿命值进行轴承的设计,轴承生产厂一般把承载能力定义为:
一批轴承中有90%寿命超过100万转时所能承受的最大载荷。
Terms:
1.ball/rollerbearing/bearingelements
2.stiffness/deflection
3.loadrating/staticload-carryingcapacity/loadcapacity
4.coolingarrangement/sealingarrangement
5.friction/wear/frictionaldrag
6.massproduction/quantityproduction
7.through-hardened/harden
8.metalfatigue
9.fit/interferencefit
10.bearingraces/innerrace/housing/internalclearance
11.shoulder/radius/chamfer/stressconcentration
12.runningquality
13.rollingelement/raceway
14.lubricant
LanguagePoints:
1.withregardto
2.onthebasisof
3.beassociatedwith
4.Itisnotsurprisingthat
5.restwith
6.bedeterminedas
Lesson14BasicConceptsofMechanisms
LanguagePoints:
1.definite?
define
ponent:
元件,部件
3..body=part
4.Kinematicsisthestudyofmotioninmechanismswithoutreferencetotheforcesthatactonthemechanism.Dynamicsisthestudyofmotionofindividualbodiesandmechanismsundertheinfluenceofforcesandtorques.Thestudyofforcesandtorquesinstationarysystemsiscalledstatics.
运动学研究机构的运动而不考虑作用在机构上的力;动力学研究单个构件及机构在力和扭矩作用下的运动;而静力学研究的是作用于静止的系统上的力和扭矩。
4.examine:
analyze
5.Thispartofthedesignprocessisfollowedbyananalysisofforcesandtorques.
接下来是对力和扭矩的分析。
6.techanicalliterature=techanicalfield
7.Thetermrigidlink,orsometimessimplylink,isanidealizationusedinthestudyofmechanismsthatdosenotconsidersmalldeflectionsduetostrainsinmachinemembers.
刚性构件,或者有时候仅仅说构件,在机构的研究中是一种理想化的情形,即不考虑由于机械零件的应变引起的小的变形。
8.Wearejustifiedinneglectingthissmallmotionwhenconsideringthemuchgreat
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