专业学位硕士研究生英语教程16.docx
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专业学位硕士研究生英语教程16.docx
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专业学位硕士研究生英语教程16
Unit16
War
Preview
Aphotographer'slenscaughtJamesBlakeMillersmearedwithbloodanddirtduringthebattleforFalluja.Inhiseyes,AmericasawthesteelydeterminationthatwouldbringvictoryinIraq;nowstressanddivorcehavemadehimacasualtyofthewar.Sufferingfromnightmares,panicattacksandsurvivor'sguilt,hehastofightagainstpost-traumaticstressdisorderanddrawsadisabilitypension.
TextReading
Warm-up
I.Theprosandconstothewar.
TheIraqWarisanongoingmilitarycampaignwhichbeganonMarch19,2003,withtheinvasionintoIraqbyamultinationalforceledbytheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdom.
Pleasediscussthewarwithyourpartner.Youcanchoosethewordsandexpressionsinthefollowingellipse:
positive/negative/publicopinion/militaryoperation/terrorist/troopwithdrawal/SaddamHussein/BushAdministration/gaincontrolof/occupy/attack/weaponsofmassdestruction/coalition/al-Qaeda(基地组织)/invasion/occupy/oilfields
II.ReasonsfortheIraqWar.
Putatickinfrontofthestatement(s)thatyouconsidertobetherealpurpose(s)forBushAdministrationtostartthewar.
1.Forprotectingthecountry'svastoilfieldsfromfallingunderthecontrolofterroristextremists.
2.ForbuildingafreeIraq.
3.ForremovingSaddam.
4.ForhelpingIsrael.
5.Forgettingcontrolofandgainingprofitfromoil.
6.BecauseIraqiregimetreatsitspeoplehorribly.
7.ForgettingoutofthebaseinArabia.
8.AspartofadefensivewaragainstAlQaeda.
9.ForhelpingtheIraqis.
10.BecauseofIraq'sallegedpossessionofweaponsofmassdestruction.
Text
APictureMadehimaHero,ThenHisLifeFellApart
PaulHarris
[1]Combatcanchangealifeinasecond.Thesnapofasniper'sbulletortheblastofabombwillinstantlyenditorturnahealthybodyintoamaimedwreck.ButforUSmarineJamesBlakeMillerwhatchangedhislifewasthesuddenshutterclickofawarphotographer'scamera.
[2]OnarooftopinFalluja①,MillerwascapturedinapicturethathasbecomeoneoftheenduringimagesoftheIraqwar.Itshowedhiswanface,streakedwithmudandblood,inamomentofreflection.Hiseyesstaredout,tiredyetdetermined.Fromhislipsdroopedacigarette,curlingawispofthinpalesmoke.
[3]ThatmomentsawMiller,anordinarysoldierfromthehillsofKentucky,turnintoMarlboroMan②,aneverydayAmericanhero.
[4]Theimagehittheworldon10November,2004,asUSmarinesstormedintoFallujatotrytoendawarthatwassupposedtohavefinishedmorethanayearearlier.Itappearedonnewspaperfrontpagesandmade(became)thecoverofTime③.
[5]Miller'simagebecameasymbolofsteelyresolve,ofweary-yet-determinedstruggle,ofthetoughnessoftheAmericanfightingmanhavingacigarettebreak(rest)beforefinishingthejob.ItcapturedamomentwhenmostAmericansstillthoughttheinvasionofIraqaworthyundertaking.
[6]NowMillerisadifferentsymbolinadifferenttime.Asthewarhasdraggedon,Miller'slifehascollapsedinthefaceofpost-traumaticstressdisorder.Hedrawsadisabilitypensionforhisconditionandhispersonallifeisawreck.Hesuffersfromnightmares,panicattacksandsurvivor'sguilt.Despitetheimmensegoodwillofagratefulnation,Millerhasslumpedintostruggleanddespair.Lastweekcamethenewsthatheandhischildhoodsweetheart,Jessica,weregettingdivorced.
[7]MarlboroManisnolongeraniconfortheAmericanwarriorethic.Heisasymbolofpainandsufferingandtheenormousproblemsenduredbyveteransreturninghome.Nolongerthevictor,hehasbecomethepublicfaceofshell-shock,oneofthewar'svictims.
[8]IntheAppalachianhills④whichMillercallshome,thewordforgrandfatheris"papaw".Miller'sstep-papaw,JoeLee,wasaVietnamveteran.Ininterviews,MillerhasdescribedhowPapawJoeLeewouldgetdrunkandtellwarstories.ThenPapawwouldgetupsetandtearfulatthememoriesofdeathandkillinginVietnam.
[9]Itwasclassicpost-traumaticbehavior,goingundiagnosed.ItwasalsoasceneplayedoutacrossAmericainthewakeofVietnamashundredsofthousandsofdisturbedandtroubledveteransreturnedhome.NowthosescenesarehappeningagainastheveteransofIraqandAfghanistanreturntowives,husbands,partnersandfamilies,carryingpsychologicalscarshiddenbytheirapparentlyhealthybodies.
[10]Post-traumaticstressdisorderisnotaneasyconditiontotreat.Itistoughtodealwithandrequiresawiderangeofpossibleapproaches,onanindividual'scircumstances.Theyinvolveflashbacks,panicattacksandparanoia.Undersuchdisorder,person'sbehaviorchanges,andsuffererscanbecomeviolenttotheirlovedones.Itdestroyslives,oftenbringingondivorce,bankruptcyandsuicide.
[11]ThestoryofhowMillerbecameoneofmanysufferersisprobablytypical.ItisonlywidelyknownbecauseoftheprofilethatbecomingMarlboroMangavehim.MillerarrivedinIraqwithhismarineunitandwassenttotherestiveAnbarprovince.On5November,2004,inthemiddleofasandstorm,wordfilteredthroughthathisunitwastojointheattackonFalluja.Theassaultbeganthreedayslater.
[12]Hehasneverfullydescribedtheeventsofthenextfewweeks,buthasletslipdetailswhicharehorrifyingenough.Therewereambushesandfirefights.HehasdescribedhishorroratseeingacatmakeahomeintheopenchestcavityofadeadIraqi.Helosthisclosefriend,DemarkusBrown.Millerknowswhatitisliketolookdownagunbarrelatanotherhumanbeingandpullthetrigger."Youcanmakeoutaguy'seyes,"hetoldoneinterviewer.
[13]AfterthewarMillertookitasapersonalmissiontousehisfametohighlightthestressesthatveteransfacewhensufferingwithpost-traumaticstress.HespokeoutinthepressandteamedupwiththeNationalMentalHealthAssociation.HespoketopoliticiansonCapitolHillinWashington.HebecameaforcefornotforgettingwhatAmerica'sreturningveteranshadgonethrough.
[14]Afterhistourwasup,MillerreturnedtoPikeCountyandthetinyhamletofJonancywherehisfamilyhadlivedpracticallysincetheareawasfirstsettledbyEuropeans.Thesignsoftroublequicklyemerged.Friendsandrelativesfoundhimquicktoanger.Jessicacomplainedhewouldtightenhisarmaroundherneckatnight.
[15]Once,onatriptothecountyseatofPikeville,hehallucinatedthathesawthebodyofadeadIraqisprawledoutontheground.Hetooklongandsolitarymotorbikerides,tryingnottothinkaboutthewar.Hespokeofhisguiltathavingsurvivedwhilemanyofhiscomradesdidnot.
[16]"Itislikeabigguilttrip,dayinanddayout.Ijustliethereandrot,"hetoldoneinterviewer.Itwasclassicsurvivor'sguilt—acommonemotioninmanypeoplewhohavesurvivedtraumaticexperiences,whetheritiscombatoratrainwreck.Thosearoundhimdidnotknowhowtodealwithhim.
[17]MillerwasnotgiventhechancetohealwhenhistourofdutyinIraqwasover.InsteadhewassenttoNewOrleans.HurricanesKatrinaandRita⑤hadleftthecityburning,floodedandbeinglooted.Waitingoffshoreinatrooptransport,itappearedtoMillerasifhewerereturningtourbancombat.ItwouldbeFallujabythebayou.
[18]Whenanothermarineinhisboatmadeawhistlingsound,likearocket-propelledgrenade,Millersuddenlyblackedout.Whenhecameto,hefoundhehadassaultedtheman,pinninghimtotheground.Hewashonorablydischargedon10November,2005—exactlyoneyearafterthephotographthatmadehimfamouswaspublishedaroundtheglobe.Hewasdiagnosedassufferingfrompost-traumaticstress.
[19]Millerremainsasymbol.Butitisnolongerthatofthetough-as-nailsMarlboroMan.Itisofthehumancostofwar.AstheconflictinIraqdragsonintoitsfourthyear,itisoftenremarkeduponhowlittleordinarylifeinAmericahaschanged.Thereisnodraft,thereisnorationing,thereisnoreshapingoftheeconomytomeetmilitaryneeds.Therearenotevenanyextrataxestopayforallthemenandmoneybeingsunkintotheconflict.
[20]Itis,inshort,easytoignorethefactthatAmericaisfightingatall.ButnowMiller'sstoryisareminderofthepricethatordinarymenandwomenarepayingfortheIraqoperation.
Notes
①Fallujah(费卢杰):
acityintheIraqiprovinceofAlAnbar,locatedroughly69kilometerswestofBaghdadontheEuphrates.FallujahdatesfromBabyloniantimesandwashosttoimportantJewishacademiesformanycenturies.
②MarlboroMan:
afigureusedintobaccoadvertisingcampaignforMarlborocigarettes.Itissaidtobeoneofthemostbrilliantadcampaignsofalltime.Theimageinvolvesaruggedcowboy,innaturewithonlyacigarette.
③Time:
aninfluentialAmericannewsmagazine((美国《时代周刊》).
④theAppalachianhills:
oftencalledtheAppalachians,avastsystemofmountainsineasternNorthAmerica.
⑤HurricaneKatrinaandRita:
thedeadliestAtlantichurricaneseverrecordedandthemostintensetropicalcycloneeverobservedintheGulfofMexico.RitacausedimmensedamageontheU.S.GulfCoastinAugustandSeptember2005.
WordBank
ambush:
asuddenattackmadefromaconcealedposition伏击;埋伏
assault:
toattack攻击;袭击
bankruptcy:
financialruin破产
barrel:
themetal,cylindricalpartofafirearmthroughwhichthebullettravels枪管
bayou:
acreekorsmallriverthatisatributaryofalargerbodyofwater支流;河口
blast:
aviolentexplosion爆炸
cavity:
ahole;ahollowareawithinthebody洞;腔
discharge:
torelease,asfromconfinement,care,orduty释放;使退伍
droop:
tobendorhangdownward低垂;弯曲;下垂
flashback:
(psychology)recurring,intenselyvividmentalimageofapasttraumaticexperience[心理学]重现:
过去受伤的经历在脑海中生动重现
grenade:
amissileconta
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