英语专业八级改错真题1999完整含答案版本.docx
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英语专业八级改错真题1999完整含答案版本.docx
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英语专业八级改错真题1999完整含答案版本
99年改错
Thehunter-gatherertribesthattodayliveasourprehistoric1.______
humanancestorsconsumeprimarilyavegetabledietsupplementing2._____
withanimalfoods.Ananalysisof58societiesofmodemhunter-
gatherers,includingtheKungofsouthernAfrica,revealedthatone
halfemphasizegatheringplantfoods,one-thirdconcentrateonfishing
andonlyone-sixthareprimarilyhunters.Overall,two-thirds
andmoreofthehunter-gatherer’scaloriescomefromplants.Detailed3.______
studiesoftheKungbythefoodscientistsattheUniversityof
London,showedthatgatheringisamoreproductivesourceoffood
thanishunting.Anhourofhuntingyieldsinaverageabout1004.______
ediblecalories,asanhourofgatheringproduces240.5.______
Plantfoodsprovidefor60percentto80percentoftheKung6._______
diet,andnoonegoeshungrywhenthehuntfails.Interestingly,if
theyescapefatalinfectionsoraccidents,thesecontemporary
aborigineslivetooldagesdespiteoftheabsenceofmedicalcare.7._______
Theyexperiencenoobesity,nomiddle-agedspread,littledental
decay,nohighbloodpressure,onheartdisease,andtheirblood
cholesterollevelsareverylow(abouthalfoftheaverageAmerican8._______
adult),ifnooneissuggestingwhatwereturntoanaboriginallife9.________
style,wecertainlycouldusetheireatinghabitsasamodelfor10.________
healthierdiet.
2000改错
ThegrammaticalwordswhichplaysolargeapartinEnglish
grammarareforthemostpartsharplyandobviouslydifferent1._______
fromthelexicalwords.Aroughandreadydifferencewhichmay
seemthemostobviousisthatgrammaticalwordshave“less
meaning”,butinfactsomegrammarianshavecalledthem2._______
“empty”wordsasopposedinthe“full”wordsofvocabulary.3.________
Butthisisarathermisledwayofexpressingthedistinction.4._________
Althoughawordliketheisnotthenameofsomethingasmanis,
itisveryfarawayfrombeingmeaningless;thereisasharp5._________
differenceinmeaningbetween“manisvileand”“themanis
vile”,yettheisthesinglevehicleofthisdifferenceinmeaning.6.________
Moreover,grammaticalwordsdifferconsiderablyamong
themselvesastheamountofmeaningtheyhave,eveninthe7.________
lexicalsense.Anothernameforthegrammaticalwordshasbeen
“littlewords”.Butsizeisbynomeanagoodcriterionfor8._________
distinguishingthegrammaticalwordsofEnglish,whenwe
considerthatwehavelexicalwordsasgo,man,say,car.Apart9.________
fromthis,however,thereisagooddealoftruthinwhatsome
peoplesay:
wecertainlydocreateagreatnumberofobscurity10.________
whenweomitthem.Thisisillustratednotonlyinthepoetryof
RobertBrowningbutintheproseoftelegramsandnewspaperheadlines.
2001改错
Duringtheearlyyearsofthiscentury,wheatwasseenasthe
verylifebloodofWesternCanada.Peopleoncitystreetswatched
theyieldsandthepriceofwheatinalmostasmuchfeelingasif 1._______
theyweregrowers.Themarketingofwheatbecameanincreasing 2._______
favoritetopicofconversation.
Warsetthestageforthemostdramaticeventsinmarketing
thewesterncrop.Foryears,farmersmistrustedspeculativegrain
sellingascarriedonthroughtheWinnipegGrainExchange.
Wheatpricesweregenerallylowintheautumn,sofarmerscould 3._______
notwaitformarketstoimprove.Ithadhappenedtoooftenthat
theysoldtheirwheatsoonshortlyafterharvestwhenfarmdebts 4.________
werecomingdue,justtoseepricesrisingandspeculatorsgettingrich. 5._______
Onvariousoccasions,producergroups,askedfirmercontrol, 6._______
butthegovernmenthadnowishtobecomeinvolving,at 7.______
leastnotuntilwartimewhenwheatpricesthreatenedtorun
wild.
Anxioustocheckinflationandrisinglifecosts,thefederal 8.______
governmentappointedaboardofgrainsupervisorstodealwith
deliveriesfromthecropsof1917and1918.GrainExchange
tradingwassuspended,andfarmerssoldatpricesfixedbythe
board.Tohandlewiththecropof1919,thegovernment appointed9.______
thefirstCanadianWheatBoard,withtotalauthorityto 10.______
buy,sell,andsetprices.
2002改错
Therearegreatimpedimentstothegeneraluseofastandardinpronunciationcomparabletothatexistinginspelling(orthography).Oneisthefactthatpronunciationislearnt“naturally”andunconsciously,andorthographyislearnt1__________deliberatelyandconsciously.Largenumbersofus,infact,remainthroughoutourlivesquiteunconsciouswithwhatourspeech2._____________soundslikewhenwespeakout,anditoftencomesasashock3.__________whenwefirstlyheararecordingofourselves.Itisnotavoicewe4._________recognizeatonce,whereasourownhandwritingissomethingwhichwealmostalwaysknow.Webeginthenaturallearning5.__________ofpronunciationlongbeforewestartlearningtoreadorwrite,andinourearlyyearswewentonunconsciouslyimitatingand6.____________practicingthepronunciationofthosearoundusformanymorehourspereverydaythanweeverhavetospendlearningevenour7.______________difficultEnglishspelling.Thisis“natural”,therefore,thatour8.______________speech-soundsshouldbethoseofourimmediatecircle;afterall,aswehaveseen,speechoperatesasameansofholdingacommunity9._______________andgivingasenseof'belonging'.Welearnquiteearlytorecognizea“stranger”,someonewhospeakswithanaccentofadifferentcommunity-perhapsonlyafewmilesfar.10.________________
2003改错
DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwar
periodweremoreeagerthanevertoestablishfamilies.Theyquickly
broughtdowntheageatmarriageforbothmenandwomenandbrought
thebirthratetoatwentiethcenturyheightaftermorethanahundred
(1)______
yearsofasteadydecline,producingthe“babyboom.”Theseyoung
(2)_______
adultsestablishedatrendofearlymarriageandrelativelylarge
familiesthatWentformorethantwodecadesandcausedamajor(3)_______
buttemporaryreversaloflong-termdemographicpatterns.From
the1940Sthroughtheearly1960s,Americansmarriedatahighrate(4)________
andatayoungeragethantheirEuropecounterparts.(5)________
Lessnotedbutequallymoresignificant,themenandwomenonwho(6)________
formedfamiliesbetween1940and1960neverthelessreducedthe(7)________
divorcerateafterapostwarpeak;theirmarriagesremainedintactto
agreaterextentthandidthatofcoupleswhomarriedinearlieraswell(8)________
aslaterdecades.SincetheUnitedStatesmaintaineditsdubious(9)___________
distinctionofhavingthehighestdivorcerateintheworld,the
temporarydeclineindivorcedidnotoccurinthesameextentin(10)___________
Europe.Contrarytofearsoftheexperts,theroleofbreadwinnerand
homemakerwasnotabandoned.
2004改错
Oneofthemostimportantnon-legislativefunctionsoftheU.SCongress
isthepowertoinvestigate.Thispowerisusuallydelegatedtocommittees-either
standingcommittees,specialcommitteessetforaspecific
(1)________
purpose,orjointcommitteesconsistedofmembersofbothhouses.
(2)________
Investigationsareheldtogatherinformationontheneedfor
futurelegislation,totesttheeffectivenessoflawsalreadypassed,
toinquireintothequalificationsandperformanceofmembersand
officialsoftheotherbranches,andinrareoccasions,tolaythe(3)________
groundworkforimpeachmentproceedings.Frequently,committees
relyoutsideexpertstoassistinconductinginvestigativehearings(4)_________
andtomakeoutdetailedstudiesofissues.(5)_________
Thereareimportantcorollariestotheinvestigativepower.One
isthepowertopublicizeinvestigationsanditsresults.Most(6)_________
committeehearingsareopentopublicandarereported(7)__________
widelyinthemassmedia.Congressionalinvestigations
neverthelessrepresentoneimportanttoolavailabletolawmakers(8)__________
toinformthecitizenryandtoarousepublicinterestsinnationalissues.
(9)________
Congressionalcommitteesalsohavethepowertocompel
testimonyfromunwillingwitnesses,andtociteforcontempt
ofCongresswitnesseswhorefusetotestifyandforperjury
thesewhogivefalsetestimony.(10)_________
2005改错
TheUniversityasBusiness
Anumberofcollegesanduniversitieshaveannouncedsteep
tuitionincreasesfornextyearmuchsteeperthanthecurrent,
verylow,rateofinflation.Theysaytheincreasesareneededbecause
ofalossinvalueofuniversityendowmentsheavilyinvestingincommon1
stock.Iamskeptical.Abusinessfirmchoosesthepricethatmaximizes
itsnetrevenues,irrespectivefluctuationsinincome;andincreasinglythe2
outlookofuniversitiesintheUnitedStatesisindistinguishablefromthoseof3
businessfirms.Theriseintuitionsmayreflectthefacteconomicuncertainty4
increasesthedemandforeducation.Thebiggestcostofbeing
intheschoolisforegoingincomefromajob(thisisprimarilyafactorin5
graduateandprofessional-schooltuition);thepoorone'sjobprospects,6
themoresenseitmakestoreallocatetimefromthejobmarkettoeducation,
inordertomakeoneselfmoremarketable.
Thewayswhichuniversitiesmakethemselvesattractivetostudents7
includesoftmajors,studentevaluationsofteachers,givingstudents
agovernancerole,andeliminaterequiredcourses.8
Sky-hightuitionshavecauseduniversitiestoregardtheirstudentsas
customers.Justasbusinessfir
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